Niedriglohnarbeitsmarkt
Der Ausbau des Niedriglohnsektors sollte Ende der 1990er Jahre die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit reduzieren. Als Niedriglohn gilt ein Arbeitsentgelt, das trotz Vollzeitbeschäftigung keine angemessene Existenzsicherung gewährleistet – die OECD definiert den ihn als einen Bruttolohn, der unterhalb von zwei Dritteln des nationalen Medianbruttolohns aller Vollzeitbeschäftigten liegt. Betroffen von Niedriglöhnen sind überdurchschnittlich häufig Personen ohne beruflichen Abschluss, jüngere Erwerbstätige und Frauen.
Bietet der Niedriglohnsektor eine Chance zum Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt oder ist er eine Sackgasse? Das IAB-Themendossier erschließt Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter
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Literaturhinweis
No one-size-fits-all solution. Effects of social policies on in-work poverty (2025)
Zitatform
Brülle, Jan (2025): No one-size-fits-all solution. Effects of social policies on in-work poverty. In: European Societies, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1162/euso.a.19
Abstract
"The paper studies effects of social policies on in-work poverty risks, distinguishing between measures that either intervene in labor market processes - i.e. predistribution policies - or redistribute towards those with low incomes. The analyses use data from EU-SILC and macro-level indicators from various sources to estimate general as well as household-typespecific effects using longitudinal methods. Results reveal important differences between specific policies: increasing minimum wages contributes to reducing low-wage risks, but has no significant effect on in-work poverty risks. In contrast, there is a negative effect of strict employment protection legislation across almost all household types on in-work poverty, which is consistent with the positive role this measure plays for supporting earnings that are sufficient to provide not only for one person, but also potential dependants in the household. With respect to redistributional policies, both unemployment benefits and benefits to low earners reduce poverty due to their contribution to public poverty-reduction. However, whereas unemployment benefits only reduce in-work poverty among couple households, benefits to low earners mainly contribute to lower poverty risks among employed single parents. Overall, the results underscore that predistributional and redistributional as well as universal and targeted interventions cannot easily substitute each other." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Niedriglohnbeschäftigung 2022 - Deutlicher Rückgang in Westdeutschland (2025)
Kalina, Thorsten;Zitatform
Kalina, Thorsten (2025): Niedriglohnbeschäftigung 2022 - Deutlicher Rückgang in Westdeutschland. (IAQ-Report 2025-03), Duisburg, 17 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/83214
Abstract
"Das Niedriglohnrisiko ist in Deutschland zwischen 2021 und 2022 insgesamt um fast zwei Prozentpunkte auf 19 % gesunken. Anders als in früheren Jahren zeigte sich vor allem in Westdeutschland ein deutlicher Rückgang von 19,9 % auf 17,9 %. Von dieser positiven Entwicklung konnten Beschäftigtengruppen mit einem hohen Niedriglohnrisiko, wie etwa Ausländer*innen, Beschäftigte mit Migrationshintergrund oder befristet Beschäftigte, nur zum Teil profitieren. Vielfach reduzierte sich das Niedriglohnrisiko für Beschäftigtengruppen, die im Allgemeinen eher eine überdurchschnittliche Entlohnung haben (Akademiker*innen, Männer, mittlere Altersgruppen). Ferner sank es eher in sozialversicherungspflichtiger Teilzeitbeschäftigung als in Minijobs. Ein Rückgang des Niedriglohnrisikos war für die jeweiligen Gruppen meistens nicht mit Beschäftigungsverlusten verbunden, einzige Ausnahme sind befristet Beschäftigte. Für tarifgebundene Beschäftigte ist das Niedriglohnrisiko mit knapp 11 % deutlich geringer als für nicht tarifgebundene Beschäftigte mit gut 26 %. Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der Tarifbindung könnten helfen, den Niedriglohnsektor weiter zu verkleinern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Class, gender and the work of working‐class women amid turbulent times (2025)
Zitatform
Warren, Tracey, Luis Torres, Clare Lyonette & Ruth Tarlo (2025): Class, gender and the work of working‐class women amid turbulent times. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 76, H. 1, S. 96-113. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.13147
Abstract
"The article focuses on the work of working-class women (WCW) amid turbulent times. Its timespan is just prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. The women's work, and the key skills involved, are fundamental to everyday lives, but both have been under-valued and under-rewarded. The pandemic shone a fresh light on the societal importance of this work and highlighted how its under-valuation and the women's systemic low pay and inferior working conditions have serious ramifications not only for individual workers and their families but for the provision of key services. The article centres WCW, at the intersection of classed and gendered disadvantage, to ask about inequalities in work experiences. Analysing nationally representative samples of thousands of workers in the UK prior to and as Covid-19 rolled out, we compare WCW with other workers. We show that the women faced both persistent and new inequalities at work: enduring low earnings, pandemic-led risks to jobs and paid hours, little opportunity to work from home or flexibly, and stressful key working roles. We reveal the heavily classed nature of some of these findings, show that others were more strongly gendered, while still others were classed and gendered outcomes that require intersectional analyses of the women's working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum Wage Effects and Monopsony Explanations (2025)
Zitatform
Wiltshire, Justin, Carl McPherson, Michael Reich & Denis Sosinskiy (2025): Minimum Wage Effects and Monopsony Explanations. In: Journal of labor economics, S. 1-46. DOI:10.1086/735551
Abstract
"We present the first causal analysis of a seven-year run-up of minimum wages to $15. Using a novel stacked county-level synthetic control estimator and data on fast-food restaurants, we find substantial pay growth and no disemployment. Our results hold among lower-wage counties and counties without local minimum wages. Minimum wage increases reduce Separation rates and raise wages faster than prices at McDonald’s stores; both findings imply a monopsonistic labor market with declining rents. In the tight post-pandemic labor market, when laborsupply becomes more elastic, we find positive employment effects. These become larger and statistically significant after addressing pandemic-response confounds." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Revisiting Dualism? The Governance of the Low Pay-Low Skill Labour Market in Four European Countries (2024)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner & Gemma Scalise (2024): Revisiting Dualism? The Governance of the Low Pay-Low Skill Labour Market in Four European Countries. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17378), Bonn, 25 S.
Abstract
"The permanent restructuring of the economy, exacerbated by the digital transition and combined with labour market dualization, is progressively increasing semi- and low-skilled workers' risk of marginalization. This article analyses how countries balance employment and equality concerns in core private services sectors and inquires the policy strategy that governments in Germany, France, Italy and Spain have implemented over the last two decades for workers 'at the margins'. The analysis encompasses multiple policy tools – skill upgrading, social benefits, incentives toreduce barriers to employment and wage regulation – and reveals varied trajectories. A common direction is followed by Germany and Spain, which have adopted policies to mitigate long-standing labor market dualism by implementing protective policies that aim at improving job conditions for low-wage and at-risk workers. France is stuck in its protective approach, focusing on job stabilization through subsidies without addressing the need for skill development, which limits long-term labor market mobility. Italy is exacerbating dualism by failing to improve job quality and training opportunities, leading to persistent low productivity and increasing in-work poverty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion (2024)
Zitatform
Göhausen, Johannes & Stephan L. Thomsen (2024): Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17487), Bonn, 74 S.
Abstract
"We evaluate the labor market effects of an increasing supply of high-skilled labor, resulting from a higher education expansion at established German universities. Exploiting variation in exposure across regions and cohorts, we estimate early career effects for labor market entrants. We find that high-skilled wages decline initially, particularly in non-graduate jobs, but recover over the first five years of experience. Medium-skilled workers are barely affected, while low-skilled workers benefit from higher wage growth in non-routineintensive jobs. We explain the dynamics of the effects by two countervailing mechanisms: immediate supply effects and gradual technology effects through increasing skilled labor demand." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7517.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Home work: Exploring the labor market effects of subsidizing domestic services (2024)
Zitatform
Leduc, Elisabeth & Ilan Tojerow (2024): Home work: Exploring the labor market effects of subsidizing domestic services. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 90. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102595
Abstract
"This paper analyzes subsidies for the domestic services sector, an increasingly popular policy to create employment opportunities for low-skilled workers. Using Belgian administrative data, a differences-in-differences approach, and a shift-share instrumental variable, we estimate the local effects of the policy in targeted industries as well as overall effects on the labor market. We find that domestic service subsidies can increase female employment in the subsidized industries as well as the overall employment rate. This increase in employment is primarily driven by an increase in (formal) labor market participation and, to a lesser extent, a reduction in the rate of participation in unemployment insurance and in other social welfare programs. We also find that these subsidies can lead to an increase in the rate of work incapacity, likely due to the fact they broaden the population that can access the social safety net." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
More than Money? Job Quality and Food Insecurity among Employed Lone Mother Households in the United States (2024)
Zitatform
Sheely, Amanda (2024): More than Money? Job Quality and Food Insecurity among Employed Lone Mother Households in the United States. In: Social Policy and Society, Jg. 23, H. 1, S. 35-52. DOI:10.1017/S1474746421000877
Abstract
"This article examines the relationship between food insecurity and the uncertainty and inadequate financial resources associated with low quality work among lone mother households in the United States. Food insecurity has increased since the start of the Great Recession and is particularly high among lone mother households. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, I find that mothers who have been employed part-time involuntarily and experienced job loss have an increased likelihood of experiencing food insecurity. This relationship holds even after controlling for multiple measures of household income, suggesting the relationship between low quality work and food insecurity is not solely determined by low financial resources. Results suggest that, to reduce food insecurity among lone mother families, policymakers must address both the low wages and uncertainty associated with low quality employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Persistent or temporary? Effects of social assistance benefit sanctions on employment quality (2024)
Wolf, Markus;Zitatform
Wolf, Markus (2024): Persistent or temporary? Effects of social assistance benefit sanctions on employment quality. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 22, H. 3, S. 1531-1557., 2023-12-11. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwad073
Abstract
"This article analyzes the effects of sanctions for unemployed recipients of the social assistance benefit in Germany. I conduct an analysis using administrative data from 2012 to 2018, applying a dynamic entropy balancing approach. In contrast to most previous analyses of benefit sanction effects, I analyse outcomes over a longer period and assess effects on various dimensions of employment quality, including education (mis)match. The results show, in line with previous research, that benefit sanctions increase the employment probability in the first months after treatment. In the long run, the employment probability and employment quality of sanctioned benefit recipients are lower than those for the comparison group of non-sanctioned benefit recipients, indicating long-lasting negative effects. The negative consequences of benefit sanctions for employment quality are hence not temporary, but persistent." (Authors Abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford Acacemic)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Wolf, Markus; -
Literaturhinweis
Escaping from low-wage employment: The role of co-worker networks (2023)
Zitatform
Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, Zoltán Elekes & Rikard Eriksson (2023): Escaping from low-wage employment: The role of co-worker networks. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 83. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2022.100747
Abstract
"Low-wage jobs are often regarded as dead ends in the labour market careers of young people. Previous research focused on disentangling to what degree the association between a low-wage job at the start of working life and limited chances of transitioning to better-paid employment is causal or spurious. Less attention has been paid to the factors that may facilitate the upward wage mobility of low-wage workers. We focus on such mechanisms, and we scrutinize the impact of social ties to higher-educated co-workers. Due to knowledge spillovers, job referrals, as well as firm-level productivity gains, having higher-educated co-workers may improve an individual's chances of transitioning to a better-paid job. We use linked employer-employee data from longitudinal Swedish registers and panel data models that incorporate measures of low-wage workers' social ties to higher-educated co-workers. Our results confirm that having social ties to higher-educated co-workers increases individual chances of transitioning to better-paid employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Energiepreiskrise: Die geplanten finanziellen Entlastungen dürften das Arbeitsangebot nur wenig beeinflussen (2023)
Zitatform
Bruckmeier, Kerstin & Jürgen Wiemers (2023): Energiepreiskrise: Die geplanten finanziellen Entlastungen dürften das Arbeitsangebot nur wenig beeinflussen. In: IAB-Forum H. 16.01.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230116.01
Abstract
"Anfang September 2022 hat sich die Regierungskoalition mit dem dritten Entlastungspaket auf weitere Maßnahmen verständigt, um Haushalte und Betriebe angesichts des Energiepreisschocks zu unterstützen. Haushalte mit geringem Einkommen dürften vor allem durch das höhere Bürgergeld und die Wohngeldreform überproportional profitieren. In der öffentlichen Debatte wird häufig die Befürchtung geäußert, dass durch das höhere Leistungsniveau im Bürgergeld ein hinreichender Lohnabstand nicht mehr gegeben ist, sodass sich Arbeit für Geringverdienende nicht mehr lohnt. Simulationsrechnungen zeigen jedoch, dass sich das höhere Bürgergeld im Zusammenspiel mit anderen Maßnahmen nicht negativ auf das Arbeitsangebot von Geringverdienenden auswirkt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Employer Wage Subsidy Caps and Part-Time Work (2023)
Zitatform
Elvery, Joel A., C. Lockwood Reynolds & Shawn M. Rohlin (2023): Employer Wage Subsidy Caps and Part-Time Work. In: ILR review, Jg. 76, H. 1, S. 189-209. DOI:10.1177/00197939221102865
Abstract
"Using tract-level US Census data and triple-difference estimators, the authors test whether firms increase their use of part-time workers when faced with capped wage subsidies. By limiting the maximum subsidy per worker, such subsidies create incentives for firms to increase the share of their payroll that is eligible for the subsidy by increasing use of part-time or low-wage workers. Results suggest that firms located in federal Empowerment Zones in the United States responded to the program’s capped wage subsidies by expanding their use of part-time workers, particularly in locations where the subsidy cap is likely to bind. Results also show a shift toward hiring lower-skill workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
To Redistribute or to Predistribute? The Minimum Wage versus Income Taxation When Workers Differ in Both Wages and Working Hours (2023)
Gerritsen, Aart;Zitatform
Gerritsen, Aart (2023): To Redistribute or to Predistribute? The Minimum Wage versus Income Taxation When Workers Differ in Both Wages and Working Hours. (CESifo working paper 10734), München, 53 S.
Abstract
"I consider the case for the minimum wage alongside (optimal) income taxes when workers differ in both wages and working hours, such that a given level of income corresponds to multiple wage rates. The minimum wage is directly targeted at the lowest-wage workers, while income taxes are at most targeted at all low-income workers, regardless of their hourly wage rates. This renders the minimum wage unambiguously desirable in a discrete-type model of the labor market. Desirability of the minimum wage is a priori ambiguous in a continuous-type model of the labor market. Compared to the minimum wage, income taxes are less effective in compressing the wage distribution but more effective in redistributing income. Desirability of the minimum wage depends on this trade-off between the “predistributional advantage” of the minimum wage and the “redistributional advantage” of the income tax. I derive a desirability condition for the minimum wage and write it in terms of empirical sufficient statistics. A numerical application to the US suggests a strong case for a higher federal minimum wage – especially if social preferences for the lowest-wage workers are relatively strong and the wage elasticity of labor demand relatively small." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Prekäre Beschäftigung - prekäre Teilhabe: Ausländische Arbeitskräfte im deutschen Niedriglohnsektor (2023)
Loschert, Franziska; Kolb, Holger; Schork, Franziska;Zitatform
Loschert, Franziska, Holger Kolb & Franziska Schork (2023): Prekäre Beschäftigung - prekäre Teilhabe. Ausländische Arbeitskräfte im deutschen Niedriglohnsektor. (SVR-Studie / Sachverständigenrat für Integration und Migration 2023-1), Berlin, 118 S.
Abstract
"Ausländische Arbeitskräfte sind in vielen Branchen der deutschen Wirtschaft längst unverzichtbar geworden. Dazu zählen auch solche Sektoren, in denen prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse, die durch geringe Entlohnung und harte Arbeitsbedingungen gekennzeichnet sind, oftmals nicht die Ausnahme, sondern die Regel sind. Der SVR untersucht im Rahmen einer qualitativen Interviewstudie die Ursachen und Folgen von Prekaritätsverhältnissen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, die ausländische Arbeitskräfte betreffen. Die Studie gibt praxisorientierte Handlungsempfehlungen für Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Migration and labour unrest during the pandemic: Studies from Germany and Austria (2023)
Zitatform
Neuhauser, Johanna & Peter Birke (2023): Migration and labour unrest during the pandemic: Studies from Germany and Austria. In: The Economic and Labour Relations Review, Jg. 34, S. 426-443. DOI:10.1017/elr.2023.31
Abstract
"This paper presents the results of research, which highlights the situation during the pandemic in sectors characterized by low wages and a high turnover of workers. The empirical basis is formed by company case studies in the meat industry, postal services, and mask production in Germany and Austria. This paper discusses the significance of different locations (at and beyond the workplace) and forms (‘exit’ and ‘voice’) of labor unrest in sectors of the economy that are characterized by a predominance of the use of migrant labor. It questions how conflicts over migrant labor have been articulated and possibly changed in the pandemic, and what factors may have contributed not only to an upsurge but also to the containment, regulation, and repression, of labor unrest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Aufstocker: Die Kerngruppe der Erwerbsarmut (2023)
Zitatform
Walwei, Ulrich (2023): Aufstocker: Die Kerngruppe der Erwerbsarmut. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 72, H. 2, S. 131-151., 2023-03-01. DOI:10.3790/sfo.72.2.131
Abstract
"Erwerbsarmut beschreibt eine Situation, in der Menschen trotz eines Erwerbseinkommens vielfältige Einschränkungen im alltäglichen Leben in Kauf nehmen müssen. Ihre Messung erfolgt zumeist mit Hilfe spezifischer Verteilungsmaße, mit denen eine Relation zwischen niedrigen und durchschnittlichen Einkommen von Haushalten hergestellt wird. Sie kann auch an der Notwendigkeit des Bezugs bedarfsorientierter Leistungen von erwerbstätigen Personen festgemacht werden. Im hierzulande geltenden System der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende handelt es sich in diesem Zusammenhang um erwerbstätige Leistungsberechtigte oder um sogenannte „Aufstocker/-innen“. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der quantitativen Bedeutung dieser Gruppe und fragt danach, welche wesentlichen Faktoren für deren Status verantwortlich sind und welche arbeitsmarktpolitischen Ansatzpunkte sich daraus ergeben. Die empirische Analyse verdeutlicht, dass die Gruppe der erwerbstätig Leistungsbeziehenden quantitativ mit rund 2% der Erwerbstätigen deutlich kleiner ausfällt als das relative Maß für Erwerbsarmut (rd. 9%). Der Personenkreis ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er selbst bzw. auch im Haushaltskontext allein durch Erwerbsarbeit nicht das soziokulturelle Existenzminimum erreicht. Er kann damit als Kern der Erwerbsarmut hierzulande betrachtet werden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, dass Alleinstehende und alleinerziehende Personen in der Gruppe der erwerbstätigen Leistungsberechtigten überrepräsentiert sind. Zudem werden Aufstocker-/Aufstockerinnen hierzulande vor allem durch ein hohes Niveau an Teilzeitbeschäftigung und niedrige Stundenlöhne geprägt. Mögliche Reformen sollten in der Summe auf eine umfassende Stärkung der Arbeitsanreize im Niedriglohnbereich und eine verbesserte soziale Infrastruktur für einkommensschwache Haushalte setzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Inclusive Monetary Policy: How Tight Labor Markets Facilitate Broad-Based Employment Growth (2022)
Zitatform
Bergman, Nittai K., David Matsa & Michael Weber (2022): Inclusive Monetary Policy: How Tight Labor Markets Facilitate Broad-Based Employment Growth. (CESifo working paper 9512), München, 45 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the heterogeneous effects of monetary policy on workers with differing levels of labor force attachment. Exploiting variation in labor market tightness across metropolitan areas, we show that the employment of populations with lower labor force attachment—Blacks, high school dropouts, and women—is more responsive to expansionary monetary policy in tighter labor markets. The effect builds up over time and is long lasting. We develop a New Keynesian model with heterogeneous workers that rationalizes these results. The model shows that expansionary monetary shocks lead to larger increases in the employment of less attached workers when the central bank follows an average inflation targeting rule and when the Phillips curve is flatter. These findings suggest that, by tightening labor markets, the Federal Reserve’s recent move from a strict to an average inflation targeting framework especially benefits workers with lower labor force attachment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Servitization, Inequality, and Wages (2022)
Zitatform
Boddin, Dominik & Thilo Kroeger (2022): Servitization, Inequality, and Wages. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 77, H. August. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102011
Abstract
"This paper studies the effect of servitization, i.e., within-establishment changes in the labor force composition towards higher shares of workers with service occupations, on within-establishment wage inequality. We identify servitization as being a main driver of increasing within-establishment wage inequality. Servitization accounts for roughly 7% of the observed increase in the within-establishment wage inequality in manufacturing industries between 1994 and 2017. Higher servitization of an establishment’s labor force is associated with, on average, a lower wage level for otherwise equal workers across the majority of occupations. The wage decrease is particularly pronounced for workers in low-skilled manufacturing occupations and workers at the lower end of the wage distribution. These heterogeneous wage effects explain the increase in within-establishment wage inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Firm-to-Firm Trade: Imports, Exports, and the Labor Market (2022)
Eaton, Jonathan; Kramarz, Francis; Kortum, Samuel S.;Zitatform
Eaton, Jonathan, Samuel S. Kortum & Francis Kramarz (2022): Firm-to-Firm Trade: Imports, Exports, and the Labor Market. (NBER working paper 29685), Cambridge, Mass, 65 S. DOI:10.3386/w29685
Abstract
"Customs data reveal heterogeneity and granularity of relationships among buyers and sellers. A key insight is how more exports to a destination break down into more firms selling there and more buyers per exporter. We develop a quantitative general equilibrium model of firm-to-firm matching that builds on this insight to separate the roles of iceberg costs and matching frictions in gravity. In the cross section, we find matching frictions as important as iceberg costs in impeding trade, and more sensitive to distance. Because domestic and imported intermediates compete directly with labor in performing production tasks, our model also fits the heterogeneity of labor shares across French producers. Applying the framework to the 2004 expansion of the European Union, reduced iceberg costs and reduced matching frictions contributed equally to the increase in French exports to the new members. While workers benefitted overall, those competing most directly with imports gained less, even losing in some countries entering the EU." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Was halten Geringverdienende vom Mindestlohn?: Eine qualitative Untersuchung im Auftrag des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) (2022)
Heiden, Marleen von der; Himmelreicher, Ralf;Zitatform
Heiden, Marleen von der & Ralf Himmelreicher (2022): Was halten Geringverdienende vom Mindestlohn? Eine qualitative Untersuchung im Auftrag des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP). (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1158), Berlin, 15 S.
Abstract
"Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags steht die Frage, wie Geringverdienende die Einführung des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns in Deutschland wahrnehmen. Auf Grundlage einer qualitativen Erhebung mit 31 Befragten im Rahmen von sechs Fokusgruppengesprächen, die im Sommer 2015 durchgeführt wurden, konnten vertiefte Einsichten gewonnen werden. Zunächst zeigte sich, dass Geringverdienende oftmals mit Beschäftigungshemmnissen konfrontiert sind. Häufig und auch kumulativ genannte Einschränkungen waren Krankheiten, die Pflege von Angehörigen, Kindererziehung und ein höheres Alter. Diese führten entweder zu Nichtbeschäftigung oder zu reduzierten wöchentlichen Arbeitszeiten; einige waren lediglich geringfügig beschäftigt. Die Einführung des Mindestlohns wurde als Schritt in die richtige Richtung zur Unterbindung von Lohndumping und mehr Anerkennung der Beschäftigten bezeichnet. Der zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung bestehende gesetzliche Mindestlohn von 8,50 Euro wird jedoch als zu gering eingeschätzt, um als gerechter Lohn wahrgenommen zu werden. Leistungen würden nicht anerkannt und finanzielle Bedarfe, etwa für die Miete vor allem in Städten, könnten oftmals nicht abgedeckt werden. Auch bei der Einhaltung und Kontrolle des Mindestlohns wird Verbesserungsbedarf gesehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter