Niedriglohnarbeitsmarkt
Der Ausbau des Niedriglohnsektors sollte Ende der 1990er Jahre die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit reduzieren. Als Niedriglohn gilt ein Arbeitsentgelt, das trotz Vollzeitbeschäftigung keine angemessene Existenzsicherung gewährleistet – die OECD definiert den ihn als einen Bruttolohn, der unterhalb von zwei Dritteln des nationalen Medianbruttolohns aller Vollzeitbeschäftigten liegt. Betroffen von Niedriglöhnen sind überdurchschnittlich häufig Personen ohne beruflichen Abschluss, jüngere Erwerbstätige und Frauen.
Bietet der Niedriglohnsektor eine Chance zum Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt oder ist er eine Sackgasse? Das IAB-Themendossier erschließt Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter
-
Literaturhinweis
The effects of minimum wages on employment and Prices - Evidence from the hairdressing sector (2024)
Kunaschk, Max;Zitatform
Kunaschk, Max (2024): The effects of minimum wages on employment and Prices - Evidence from the hairdressing sector. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 88, 2024-04-04. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102540
Abstract
"This paper provides comprehensive evidence on the labor and product market effects of a high-impact minimum wage introduction in the highly competitive hairdressing sector. Using detailed administrative data, I find negligible overall employment effects, even though the minimum wage substantially increased hourly wages. However, sub-group analyses reveal considerable heterogeneity in the estimated employment effects and suggest shifts away from marginal towards regular employment. Analyses of the price effects suggest that the reform increased output prices considerably, implying that consumers largely paid for the minimum wage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kunaschk, Max; -
Literaturhinweis
Human capital formation and changes in low pay persistence (2023)
Zitatform
Dasgupta, Kabir & Alexander Plum (2023): Human capital formation and changes in low pay persistence. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 55, H. 56, S. 6583-6604. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2022.2161989
Abstract
"This study presents new empirical evidence on the role of time trends in low pay persistence. We utilize population-wide tax records to track monthly labour market trajectories of initially low-paid workers. By performing age- and qualification-specific regressions, we find that low pay persistence reduces with time. However, the magnitude is highly heterogeneous across workforce characteristics. For a qualified worker in their early 20s, the risk of staying on low-pay declines by, on average, 5–10% points after one year. For a worker in their 50s, persistence remains almost unchanged regardless of their qualification level. We conclude that policy initiatives need to be more nuanced than a simple one-size-fits-all approach by accounting for time trends in low-pay persistence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
To Redistribute or to Predistribute? The Minimum Wage versus Income Taxation When Workers Differ in Both Wages and Working Hours (2023)
Gerritsen, Aart;Zitatform
Gerritsen, Aart (2023): To Redistribute or to Predistribute? The Minimum Wage versus Income Taxation When Workers Differ in Both Wages and Working Hours. (CESifo working paper 10734), München, 53 S.
Abstract
"I consider the case for the minimum wage alongside (optimal) income taxes when workers differ in both wages and working hours, such that a given level of income corresponds to multiple wage rates. The minimum wage is directly targeted at the lowest-wage workers, while income taxes are at most targeted at all low-income workers, regardless of their hourly wage rates. This renders the minimum wage unambiguously desirable in a discrete-type model of the labor market. Desirability of the minimum wage is a priori ambiguous in a continuous-type model of the labor market. Compared to the minimum wage, income taxes are less effective in compressing the wage distribution but more effective in redistributing income. Desirability of the minimum wage depends on this trade-off between the “predistributional advantage” of the minimum wage and the “redistributional advantage” of the income tax. I derive a desirability condition for the minimum wage and write it in terms of empirical sufficient statistics. A numerical application to the US suggests a strong case for a higher federal minimum wage – especially if social preferences for the lowest-wage workers are relatively strong and the wage elasticity of labor demand relatively small." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Trade Unions, Bargaining Coverage and Low Pay: A Multilevel Test of Institutional Effects on Low-Pay Risk in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Benassi, Chiara & Tim Vlandas (2022): Trade Unions, Bargaining Coverage and Low Pay: A Multilevel Test of Institutional Effects on Low-Pay Risk in Germany. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 36, H. 6, S. 1018-1037. DOI:10.1177/09500170211024467
Abstract
"Employment relations scholars argue that industrial relations institutions reduce low pay among the workforce, while the insider-outsider literature claims that unions contribute to increase the low-pay risk among non-union members. This article tests these expectations by distinguishing, respectively, between the individual effect of being a union member or covered by collective agreements and the sectoral effect of strong trade unions or encompassing collective agreements. Findings from multilevel logistic regression analyses of the German Socio-Economic Panel reveal that unions and bargaining coverage have distinct effects at individual and sectoral level. The analysis of their cross-level interactions provides partial support to both the insider-outsider approach, since non-union members are more exposed to the risk of low pay in highly unionized sectors, and to the power resource perspectives, since the probability of being in low pay in sectors with encompassing collective agreements decreases also for those workers who are not covered by them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Would Broadening the UI Tax Base Help Low-Income Workers? (2022)
Zitatform
Duggan, Mark, Audrey Guo & Andrew C. Johnston (2022): Would Broadening the UI Tax Base Help Low-Income Workers? (IZA discussion paper 15020), Bonn, 12 S.
Abstract
"The tax base for state unemployment insurance (UI) programs varies significantly in the U.S., from a low of $7,000 annually in California to a high of $52,700 in Washington. Previous research has provided surprisingly little guidance to policy makers regarding the tradeoffs associated with this variation. In this paper, we use 37 years of data for all 50 states and Washington, D.C. to estimate the impact of the UI tax base on labor-market outcomes. We find that the low tax base that exists in California and many other states (and the necessarily higher tax rates that accompany these) negatively affects labor market outcomes for part-time and other low-earning workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Minimum wage and tolerance for inequality (2022)
Zitatform
Fazio, Andrea & Tommaso Reggiani (2022): Minimum wage and tolerance for inequality. (MUNI ECON working paper 2022-07), Brno, 19 S.
Abstract
"We suggest that people advocate for equality also because they fear income losses below a given reference point. Stabilizing their baseline income can make workers more tolerant of inequality. We present evidence of this attitude in the UK by exploiting the introduction of the National Minimum Wage (NMW), which institutionally set a baseline pay reducing the risk of income losses for British workers at the bottom of the income distribution. Based on data from the British Household Panel Survey, we show that workers that benefited from the NMW program became relatively more tolerant of inequality and more likely to vote for the Conservative party." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Informal employment and wages in Poland (2022)
Zitatform
Liwiński, Jacek (2022): Informal employment and wages in Poland. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 44, H. 6, S. 1196-1220. DOI:10.1108/IJM-03-2021-0196
Abstract
"Purpose: This paper tries to identify the wage gap between informal and formal workers and tests for the two-tier structure of the informal labor market in Poland. Design/methodology/approach the author employs the propensity score matching (PSM) technique and use data from the Polish Labor Force Survey (LFS) for the period 2009–2017 to estimate the wage gap between informal and formal workers, both at the means and along the wage distribution. The author uses two definitions of informal employment: (1) employment without a written agreement and (2) employment while officially registered as unemployed at a labor office. In order to reduce the bias resulting from the non-random selection of individuals into informal employment, he uses a rich set of control variables representing several individual characteristics. Findings after controlling for observed heterogeneity, the author finds that on average informal workers earn less than formal workers, both in terms of monthly earnings and hourly wage. This result is not sensitive to the definition of informal employment used and is stable over the analyzed time period (2009–2017). However, the wage penalty to informal employment is substantially higher for individuals at the bottom of the wage distribution, which supports the hypothesis of the two-tier structure of the informal labor market in Poland. Originality/value the main contribution of this study is that it identifies the two-tier structure of the informal labor market in Poland: informal workers in the first quartile of the wage distribution and those above the first quartile appear to be in two partially different segments of the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Trade, technology, and the channels of wage inequality (2021)
Borrs, Linda; Knauth, Florian;Zitatform
Borrs, Linda & Florian Knauth (2021): Trade, technology, and the channels of wage inequality. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 131. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103607
Abstract
"We use a large sample of German workers to analyse whether low-wage competition with China and Eastern Europe (the East) affects the wage structure within German manufacturing industries. In order to identify the channels through which trade and technology affect wage inequality, we decompose wages into firm and worker components. We find that the rise of market access and the competitiveness of the East has a substantial impact on inequality via the worker-wage component. While we find no large effect of the firm effect and assortative matching on overall inequality we find that trade induced matching is relevant for high-tech industries. We also account for exposure to technological change and do not find an effect on the dispersion of wage components. Overall, trade explains around 15% of the recent increase in wage inequality." (Author's abstract, © 2021 Elsevier) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Time, Income and Subjective Well-Being - 20 Years of Interdependent Multidimensional Polarization in Germany (2021)
Merz, Joachim; Scherg, Bettina;Zitatform
Merz, Joachim & Bettina Scherg (2021): Time, Income and Subjective Well-Being - 20 Years of Interdependent Multidimensional Polarization in Germany. (IZA discussion paper 14870), Bonn, 40 S.
Abstract
"Society drifts apart in many dimensions. Economists focus on income of the poor and rich and the distribution of income but a broader spectrum of dimensions is required to draw the picture of multiple facets of individual life. In our study of multidimensional polarization we extend the income dimension by time, a pre-requisite and fundamental resource of any individual activity. In particular, we consider genuine personal time as a pronounced source of social participation in the sense of social inclusion/exclusion and Amartya Sen's capability approach. With an interdependence approach to multidimensional polarization we allow compensation between time and income, parameters of a CES-type subjective well-being function, where a possible substitution is evaluated empirically by the German population instead of arbitrarily chosen. Beyond subjective well-being indices we propose and apply a new intensity/gap measure to multidimensional polarization, the mean minimum polarization gap 2DGAP. This polarization intensity measure provides transparency with regard to each single attribute, which is important for targeted policies, while at the same time their interdependent relations is respected. The empirical investigation of interdependent multidimensional polarization incidence and intensity uses the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and detailed time use diary data from the three German Time Use Surveys (GTUS) 1991/92, 2001/02 and the actual 2012/13. We focus on the working individuals where the working poor requires increasing interest in the economic and social political discussion. The microeconometric two-stage selectivity corrected estimation of interdependent multidimensional risk (incidence) and intensity quantifies socio-economic factors behind. Four striking results appear: First, genuine personal leisure time additional to income is a significant subjective well-being and polarization dimension. Second, its interdependence, its compensation/substitution, ev" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Conditional Earnings Subsidies for Low Earners (2020)
Zitatform
Ooghe, Erwin (2020): Conditional Earnings Subsidies for Low Earners. In: The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Jg. 122, H. 2, S. 524-552. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12358
Abstract
"Having low earnings is often not sufficient to be eligible for in-work tax credits. In the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Ireland, for example, eligibility also requires that the number of hours worked is sufficiently high. Similarly, in France and Belgium the hourly wage rate must be sufficiently low. This paper provides a justification for such additional conditions. I analyse Pareto efficient redistribution from high to low ability individuals in a model where labour has several intensive margins. Besides labour hours, also labour effort - a vector of unpleasant, but productive features of labour - is an object of choice. Effort and ability determine the hourly wage rate. I find that conditional earnings subsidies for low earners are optimal: the earning of low earners should be subsidized at the margin, but only if they earn more by working more hours at a sufficiently low wage rate." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Hedonic-based labor supply substitution and the ripple effect of minimum wages (2019)
Phelan, Brian J.;Zitatform
Phelan, Brian J. (2019): Hedonic-based labor supply substitution and the ripple effect of minimum wages. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 37, H. 3, S. 905-947. DOI:10.1086/702651
Abstract
"This paper analyzes a new explanation of the 'ripple effect' of minimum wages based on how minimum wages affect hedonic compensation. Minimum wage hikes lower compensating differentials at low-skill undesirable jobs because they raise wages at the most desirable low-skill job, the minimum wage job. This change in hedonic compensation may cause some individuals to optimally leave low-wage undesirable jobs and seek more desirable employment. If labor supply falls at low-wage undesirable jobs, employers would raise wages, consistent with the ripple effect. Empirically, I provide evidence that hedonic-based labor supply substitution is taking place and contributing to the ripple effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The living wage: Theoretical integration and an applied research agenda (2016)
Zitatform
Carr, Stuart C., Jane Parker, James Arrowsmith & Paul A. Watters (2016): The living wage. Theoretical integration and an applied research agenda. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 155, H. 1, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2015.00029.x
Abstract
"The concept of a living wage is defined by quality of life and work life, not merely economic subsistence. It extends to adequate participation in organizational and social life. In development economics, these crucial components of 'decent work' connect with 'capabilities', whose development is important to individuals, organizations and society. However, the links between income and capabilities remain unknown, and living wages are often set by fiat. By integrating theories from development studies, management, psychology and employment relations into a single concentric, contingency model, the authors derive a series of propositions with which to test this context-sensitive model in empirical research." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Well-being, poverty and labor income taxation: theory and application to Europe and the U.S. (2016)
Zitatform
Maniquet, François & Dirk Neumann (2016): Well-being, poverty and labor income taxation. Theory and application to Europe and the U.S. (IZA discussion paper 10181), Bonn, 28 S.
Abstract
"In a model in which agents differ in wages and preferences over labor time-consumption bundles, we study labor income tax schemes that alleviate poverty. To avoid conflict with individual well-being, we require redistribution to take place between agents on both sides of the poverty line provided they have the same labor time. This requirement is combined with efficiency and robustness properties. Maximizing the resulting social preferences under incentive compatibility constraints yields the following evaluation criterion: tax schemes should minimize the labor time required to reach the poverty line. We apply this criterion to European countries and the US." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Do internal labour markets protect the unskilled from low payment?: evidence from Germany (2015)
Zitatform
Lengfeld, Holger & Clemens Ohlert (2015): Do internal labour markets protect the unskilled from low payment? Evidence from Germany. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 36, H. 6, S. 874-894. DOI:10.1108/IJM-01-2014-0033
Abstract
"Purpose - Up to date, it remains an unresolved issue how firms shape inequality in interaction with mechanisms of stratification at the individual and occupational-level. Accordingly, the authors ask whether workers of different occupational classes are affected to different degrees by between-firm wage inequality. In light of the recent rise of overall wage inequality, answers to this question can contribute to a better understanding of the role firms play in this development. The authors argue and empirically test that whether workers are able to benefit from firms' internal or external strategies for flexibility depends on resources available at the individual and occupational level. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach - Matched employer-employee data from official German labour market statistics are used to estimate firm-specific wage components, which are then regressed on structural characteristics of firms.
Findings - Between-firm wage effects of internal labour markets are largest among unskilled workers and strongly pronounced among qualified manual workers. Effects are clearly smaller among classes of qualified and high-qualified non-manual workers but have risen sharply for the latter class from 2005 to 2010.
Social implications - The most disadvantaged workers in the labour market are also most contingent upon employers' increasingly heterogeneous policies of recruitment and remuneration.
Originality/value - This paper combines insights from sociological and economic labour market research in order to formulate and test the new hypothesis that between-firm wage effects of internal labour markets are larger for unskilled than for qualified workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Was braucht der Mensch zum Leben? Der ewige Streit um die Höhe des Existenzminimums (2015)
Nakielski, Hans;Zitatform
Nakielski, Hans (Red.) (2015): Was braucht der Mensch zum Leben? Der ewige Streit um die Höhe des Existenzminimums. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 64, H. 4, S. 133-134.
Abstract
"Was braucht der Mensch zum Leben? Diese Frage beschäftigt die Sozialpolitik seit Jahrzehnten. Die Höhe des Existenzminimums, das in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ja nicht bloß die physische Existenz, sondern auch ein Mindestmaß an Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen Leben abdecken muss, ist seit Langem strittig." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Das Arbeitsangebot im Niedriglohnbereich (2015)
Zitatform
Trede, Mark (2015): Das Arbeitsangebot im Niedriglohnbereich. In: Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium, Jg. 44, H. 12, S. 692-697.
Abstract
"Lineare Darstellungen von Arbeitsangebots- und Nachfragekurven suggerieren, dass ein eindeutiges Gleichgewicht auf dem Arbeitsmarkt existiere und dass die Wirkung eines Mindestlohns leicht zu erkennen sei. In diesem Aufsatz wird gezeigt, dass die Berücksichtigung der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen im Niedriglohnbereich zu einer nichtlinearen Arbeitsangebotskurve und multiplen Gleichgewichten führen kann. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Angebotskurve computergestützt in R hergeleitet werden kann." (Autorenreferat, © Verlag Franz Vahlen )
-
Literaturhinweis
Aspects of wage dynamics in Germany (2014)
Stephani, Jens;Zitatform
Stephani, Jens (2014): Aspects of wage dynamics in Germany. (IAB-Bibliothek 350), Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 144 S. DOI:10.3278/300858w
Abstract
"Die Lohnungleichheit in Deutschland ist in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten deutlich gewachsen. Gut jeder fünfte Beschäftigte arbeitet mittlerweile im Niedriglohnsektor. Zugleich gelingt nur einem Bruchteil der Geringverdiener der Aufstieg in eine besser bezahlte Beschäftigung. Jens Stephani geht unterschiedlichen Forschungsfragen zur Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern nach, die bislang noch nicht untersucht wurden: Wie groß sind die Chancen, dass Geringverdiener, denen der Aufstieg in eine besser bezahlte Tätigkeit geglückt ist, sich längerfristig in dem besser bezahlten Job halten können? In welchen Betrieben können Niedriglohnbezieher mit überproportionalen Lohnzuwächsen rechnen? Welche Rolle spielen unterschiedliche Persönlichkeitsmerkmale für die Aufstiegschancen von Geringverdienern? In einem gesonderten Kapitel analysiert Stephani, inwieweit das Lohnniveau in tarifgebundenen Betrieben - trotz der im letzten Jahrzehnt gesunkenen Bedeutung des Gewerkschaftswesens - weiterhin höher ist als in nichttarifgebundenen Betrieben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
E-Book Open Access -
Literaturhinweis
Outsourcing and the skilled-unskilled wage gap (2013)
Zitatform
Anwar, Sajid (2013): Outsourcing and the skilled-unskilled wage gap. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 118, H. 2, S. 347-350. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2012.11.024
Abstract
"Within the context of a product variety model, this paper examines the impact of outsourcing of skill-intensive tasks on the skilled-unskilled wage gap. Outsourcing affects the wage gap through direct as well as indirect channels. While outsourcing decreases the effective wage of skilled workers in the services sector, owing to inter-sectoral labour mobility, its overall impact on the equilibrium skilled wage is positive. Through an increase in the size of external economies in the industrial sector, outsourcing can reduce the unskilled wage. In overall terms, outsourcing of skill-intensive tasks increases the skilled - unskilled wage gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Spillover effects of minimum wages under union wage bargaining (2013)
Zitatform
Dittrich, Marcus & Andreas Knabe (2013): Spillover effects of minimum wages under union wage bargaining. In: Journal of institutional and theoretical economics, Jg. 169, H. 3, S. 506-518. DOI:10.1628/093245613X667468
Abstract
"Empirical and experimental research suggests that minimum wages cause spill-overs to wages higher up in the wage distribution, i.e., they may even raise wages that were already above the new minimum wage. In this paper, we analyze how these findings can be explained by theoretical wage bargaining models between unions and firms. While the Nash bargaining solution is unaffected by minimum wages below initially bargained wages, we show that such minimum wages can drive up wages - and be harmful to employment - when bargaining follows the Kalai-Smorodinsky solution." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages and wage inequality: some theory and an application to the UK (2012)
Zitatform
Butcher, Tim, Richard Dickens & Alan Manning (2012): Minimum wages and wage inequality. Some theory and an application to the UK. (CEP discussion paper 1177), London, 33 S.
Abstract
"Research suggests that, at the levels set in countries like the US and the UK, minimum wages have little effect on employment but do have impacts on wage inequality. However we lack models that can explain these facts - this paper presents one based on imperfect labour markets. The paper also investigates the impact of the UK's National Minimum Wage on wage inequality finding it can explain a sizeable part of the evolution of wage inequality in the bottom half of the distribution in the period 1998-2010. We also present evidence that the impact of the NMW reaches up to 40% above the NMW in 2010 which corresponds to the 25th percentile. These spillovers are larger in low-wage segments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Employment cycles, low income work and the dynamic impact of wage regulations: a macro perspective (2012)
Zitatform
Flaschel, Peter, Alfred Greiner, Camille Logeay & Christian Proano (2012): Employment cycles, low income work and the dynamic impact of wage regulations. A macro perspective. In: Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 235-250.
Abstract
"In this paper we investigate, against the background of Goodwin's (1967) growth cycle model, a dual labor market economy and the consequences of introducing an unemployment benefit system and minimum wages in the second labor market and a maximum wage barrier in the first one. In the framework with free 'hiring' and 'firing' in the both labor markets we show (a) that in fact maximum real wages in the first labor market not only reduce the volatility of this labor market, but also provide global stability to the system dynamics if they are locally explosive, and (b) that larger fluctuations in employment can be made (at least partially) socially acceptable through a (workfare oriented) unemployment benefit system augmented by minimum wage in the low income segment of the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Minimum wage, on-the-job search and employment: on the sectoral and aggregate equilibrium effect of the mandatory minimum wage (2012)
Zitatform
Gavrel, Frédéric, Isabelle Lebon & Therese Rebiere (2012): Minimum wage, on-the-job search and employment. On the sectoral and aggregate equilibrium effect of the mandatory minimum wage. In: Economic Modelling, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 691-699. DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2012.01.005
Abstract
"We study the impact of a minimum wage in a segmented labor market in which workers are at different stages of their careers. At the end of a learning-by-doing period, workers paid the minimum wage quit 'bad jobs' for better-paying 'good jobs', following an on-the-job search process with endogenous search intensity. A rise in the minimum wage reduces 'bad jobs' creation and prompts workers to keep their 'bad jobs' by reducing on-the-job search intensity. The ambiguous impact on unqualified employment replicates and explains the findings of several empirical studies. However, a minimum wage rise reduces overall employment and output." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Optimal minimum wage policy in competitive labor markets (2012)
Zitatform
Lee, David & Emmanuel Saez (2012): Optimal minimum wage policy in competitive labor markets. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 96, H. 9/10, S. 739-749. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.06.001
Abstract
"This paper provides a theoretical analysis of optimal minimum wage policy in a perfectly competitive labor market and obtains two key results. First, we show that a binding minimum wage - while leading to unemployment - is nevertheless desirable if the government values redistribution toward low wage workers and if unemployment induced by the minimum wage hits the lowest surplus workers first. Importantly, this result remains true in the presence of optimal nonlinear taxes and transfers. In that context, a binding minimum wage enhances the effectiveness of transfers to low-skilled workers as it prevents low-skilled wages from falling through incidence effects. Second, when labor supply responses are along the extensive margin only, which is the empirically relevant case, the co-existence of a minimum wage with a positive tax rate on low-skilled work is always (second-best) Pareto inefficient. A Pareto improving policy consists of reducing the pre-tax minimum wage while keeping constant the post-tax minimum wage by increasing transfers to low-skilled workers, and financing this reform by increasing taxes on higher paid workers. Those results imply that the minimum wage and subsidies for low-skilled workers are complementary policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
A politico-economic analysis of minimum wages and wage subsidies (2011)
Zitatform
Adam, Antonis & Thomas Moutos (2011): A politico-economic analysis of minimum wages and wage subsidies. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 110, H. 3, S. 171-173. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2010.11.029
Abstract
"This paper constructs a political economy model in which minimum wages are determined according to majority voting. Using the minimum wage scheme as the status quo, we show that the replacement of minimum wages by wage subsidies is not likely to receive political support unless it is supplemented by increased taxation of profits (after-tax profits are also likely to increase)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The distributional impacts of minimum wage increases when both labor supply and labor demand are endogenous (2011)
Zitatform
Ahn, Tom, Peter Arcidiacono & Walter Wessels (2011): The distributional impacts of minimum wage increases when both labor supply and labor demand are endogenous. In: Journal of business and economic statistics, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 12-23. DOI:10.1198/jbes.2010.07076
Abstract
"We develop and estimate a one-shot search model with endogenous firm entry, and therefore zero expected profits, and endogenous labor supply. Positive employment effects from a minimum wage increase can result as the employment level depends upon both the numbers of searching firms and workers. Welfare implications are similar to the classical analysis: workers who most want the minimum wage jobs are hurt by the minimum wage hike with workers marginally interested in minimum wage jobs benefiting. We estimate the model using CPS data on teenagers and show that small changes in the employment level are masking large changes in labor supply and demand. Teenagers from well-educated families see increases in their employment probabilities and push out their less-privileged counterparts from the labor market. This article has supplementary material online." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The minimum wage and inequality: the effects of education and technology (2011)
Barany, Zsofia L.;Zitatform
Barany, Zsofia L. (2011): The minimum wage and inequality. The effects of education and technology. (CEP discussion paper 1076), London, 68 S.
Abstract
"While there has been intense debate in the empirical literature about the effects of minimum wages on inequality in the US, its general equilibrium effects have been given little attention. In order to quantify the full effects of a decreasing minimum wage on inequality, I build a dynamic general equilibrium model, based on a two-sector growth model where the supply of high-skilled workers and the direction of technical change are endogenous. I find that a permanent reduction in the minimum wage leads to an expansion of low-skilled employment, which increases the incentives to acquire skills, thus changing the composition and size of high-skilled employment. These permanent changes in the supply of labour alter the investment flow into R&D, thereby decreasing the skill-bias of technology. The reduction in the minimum wage has spill-over effects on the entire distribution, affecting upper-tail inequality. Through a calibration exercise, I find that a 30 percent reduction in the real value of the minimum wage, as in the early 1980s, accounts for 15 percent of the subsequent rise in the skill premium, 18.5 percent of the increase in overall inequality, 45 percent of the increase in inequality in the bottom half, and 7 percent of the rise in inequality at the top half of the wage distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Spillover effects of minimum wages: theory and experimental evidence (2011)
Zitatform
Dittrich, Marcus, Andreas Knabe & Kristina Leipold (2011): Spillover effects of minimum wages. Theory and experimental evidence. (CESifo working paper 3576), München, 25 S.
Abstract
"We study the spillover effects of minimum wages in a laboratory experiment. In a bilateral firm-worker bargaining setting, we find that the introduction of a minimum wage exerts upward pressure on wages even if the minimum wage is too low to be a binding restriction. Furthermore, raising the minimum wage to a binding level increases the bargained wage above the new minimum wage level. While the Nash solution cannot explain the existence of spillover effects, the Kalai-Smorodinsky solution yields results that are qualitatively more in line with our experimental findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Dual labor markets and the impact of minimum wages on atypical employment (2011)
Zitatform
Flaschel, Peter & Alfred Greiner (2011): Dual labor markets and the impact of minimum wages on atypical employment. In: Metroeconomica, Jg. 62, H. 3, S. 512-531. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.2011.04122.x
Abstract
"We present a growth model that contains minimum wages as one important element of a flexicurity economy where we allow for heterogeneous labor and for real wage rigidities. We show that the wage-setting process, in its reference to the reservation wage of the first labor market, is crucial as regards stability of the economy and persistent or explosive oscillations may occur, in particular when the influence of the reservation wage on wage formation in the first labor market becomes too strong. Further, minimum wages can alleviate the negative consequences of economic downturns and help stabilize the economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
A theory of outsourcing and wage decline (2011)
Zitatform
Holmes, Thomas J. & Julia Thornton Snider (2011): A theory of outsourcing and wage decline. In: American Economic Journal. Microeconomics, Jg. 3, H. 2, S. 38-59. DOI:10.1257/mic.3.2.38
Abstract
"This paper develops a theory of outsourcing in which the circumstances under which factors of production can grab rents play the leading role. One factor has monopoly power (call this labor) while a second factor does not (call this capital). There are two kinds of production tasks: labor-intensive and capital-intensive. We show that if frictions limiting outsourcing are not too large, in equilibrium labor-intensive tasks are separated from capital-intensive tasks into distinct firms. When a capital-intensive country is opened to free trade, outsourcing increases and labor rents decline. A decrease in outsourcing frictions lowers labor rents." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Standpunkt zur Mindestlohndebatte: Ein probates Rezept (2011)
Möller, Joachim;Zitatform
Möller, Joachim (2011): Standpunkt zur Mindestlohndebatte: Ein probates Rezept. In: IAB-Forum H. 1, S. 22-25. DOI:10.3278/IFO1101W022
Abstract
"Die Beschäftigungswirkung von Mindestlöhnen wird unter Ökonomen seit langem sehr kontrovers diskutiert. Kaum eine Debatte ist ideologisch so aufgeladen. Eine kürzlich erschienene umfassende Studie aus den USA stärkt die Position der Mindestlohnbefürworter. Die Einführung von Mindestlöhnen wäre demnach ohne Beschäftigungsverluste möglich. Allerdings muss die Höhe des Mindestlohns mit Augenmaß festgesetzt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Möller, Joachim; -
Literaturhinweis
The ambiguous effect of minimum wages on hours (2011)
Zitatform
Strobl, Eric & Frank Walsh (2011): The ambiguous effect of minimum wages on hours. In: Labour economics, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 218-228. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2010.09.004
Abstract
"In a competitive model we ease the assumption that efficiency units of labour are the product of hours and workers. We show that a minimum wage may either increase or decrease hours per worker and the change will have the opposite sign to the slope of the equilibrium hours hourly wage locus. Similarly, total hours worked may rise or fall. We illustrate the results throughout with a Cobb-Douglas example." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Endogenous monopsony and the perverse effect of the minimum wage in small firms (2010)
Zitatform
Danziger, Leif (2010): Endogenous monopsony and the perverse effect of the minimum wage in small firms. In: Labour economics, Jg. 17. No. 1, S. 224-229. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2009.07.006
Abstract
"The minimum-wage rate has been introduced in many countries as a means of alleviating the poverty of the working poor. This paper shows, however, that an imperfectly enforced minimum-wage rate causes small firms to face an upward-sloping labor supply schedule. Since this turns these firms into endogenous monopsonists, the minimum-wage rate has the perverse effect of reducing employment in small firms as well as what these firms offer their workers. Thus, if there are only small firms, the minimum-wage rate makes all workers that would be employed in the absence of a minimum-wage rate worse off." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Wage and employment effects of non-binding minimum wages (2010)
Zitatform
Dittrich, Marcus & Andreas Knabe (2010): Wage and employment effects of non-binding minimum wages. (CESifo working paper 3149), München, 28 S.
Abstract
"Common wisdom holds that the introduction of a non-binding minimum wage is irrelevant for actual wages and employment. Empirical and experimental research, however, has shown that the introduction of a minimum wage can raise even those wages that were already above the new minimum wage. In this paper, we analyze how these findings can be explained by theoretical wage bargaining models between unions and firms. While the Nash bargaining solution is unaffected by minimum wages below initially bargained wages, we show that such minimum wages can drive up wages - and be harmful to employment - when bargaining follows the Kalai-Smorodinsky solution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Employment cycles, low income work and the dynamic impact of minimum wages: a macro perspective (2010)
Zitatform
Flaschel, Peter, Alfred Greiner, Camille Logeay & Christian Proano (2010): Employment cycles, low income work and the dynamic impact of minimum wages. A macro perspective. (IMK working paper 2010,04), Düsseldorf, 28 S.
Abstract
"In dieser Studie untersuchen wir die makroökonomischen Konsequenzen der Einführung einer Arbeitslosenversicherung und eines Mindest(real)lohns für sowohl qualifizierte als auch weniger qualifizierte Arbeiter vor dem Hintergrund des Goodwin's (1967) Modell. In dem analysierten theoretischen Rahmen, der durch unbeschränktes 'hiring and firing' im ersten Arbeitsmarkt charakterisiert ist, können wir zeigen dass a) dass große Schwankungen durch eine Beschäftigungsmöglichkeit auf einem staatlich geförderten zweiten Arbeitsmarkt (zumindest teilweise) sozial akzeptabel gemacht werden können und b) ein Mindest(real)lohn durch eine Reduzierung der Ausschläge bei der Beschäftigung und der Einkommensverteilung zusätzlich zur Stabilität des Systems beitragen kann. Letzteres reduziert auch die Erosion der beruflichen Qualifikationen und der Familienstrukturen, welche in Goodwins Modell vorkommen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages, wage dispersion and unemployment in search models: a review (2010)
Zitatform
Garloff, Alfred (2010): Minimum wages, wage dispersion and unemployment in search models. A review. In: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 145-167. DOI:10.1007/s12651-010-0040-8
Abstract
"Die Studie analysiert die theoretischen Auswirkungen von Mindestlöhnen auf Beschäftigung und Lohnspreizung in einem suchtheoretischen Bezugsrahmen. Es wird ein Überblick über neue theoretische Forschungsansätze gegeben und der Einfluss von Mindestlöhnen auf Einkommen und Beschäftigung in den unterschiedlichen Szenarien diskutiert. Dabei liegt der wichtigste theoretische Schwerpunkt auf der Integration der Heterogenität auf beiden Seiten des Marktes in Gleichgewichtsmodelle. Im Falle homogener Akteure haben Mindestlöhne keinen Einfluss auf Beschäftigung, während im Falle von heterogenen Marktteilnehmern die theoretischen Ergebnisse gemischt sind. Es gibt keine eindeutige Verbindung zwischen Beschäftigung und Mindestlöhnen, und die Auswirkungen können positiv, null oder negativ sein. Die fortgeschrittensten Modelle, die die Heterogenität auf beiden Seiten des Marktes integrieren, scheinen jedoch die Hypothese zu unterstützen, dass ein Ansteigen des Mindestlohns im Allgemeinen auch ein Ansteigen der Arbeitslosigkeit zur Folge hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Workfare, monitoring, and efficiency wages (2010)
Zitatform
Holzner, Christian, Volker Meier & Martin Werding (2010): Workfare, monitoring, and efficiency wages. In: Journal of macroeconomics, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 157-168. DOI:10.1016/j.jmacro.2009.05.002
Abstract
"The impact of a stronger work requirement for welfare recipients in a workfare program is studied in an efficiency wage model where a representative firm chooses its level of monitoring activities. A stricter workfare policy raises employment and monitoring activities. It typically increases profits and reduces the tax rate. The impact on the net wage is ambiguous. Utility levels of employed workers and welfare recipients may increase even if the net wage declines. The utility differential between these two groups of workers shrinks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Institutional economics and the minimum wage: broadening the theoretical and policy debate (2010)
Zitatform
Kaufman, Bruce E. (2010): Institutional economics and the minimum wage. Broadening the theoretical and policy debate. In: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 427-453.
Abstract
"Debate among labor economists on the pros and cons of a minimum wage law has come to focus on whether labor markets are competitive or monopsonistic. The purpose of this paper is, first, to suggest that this perspective is too narrow and, second, to use principles and concepts of institutional economics to demonstrate why. In particular, I use institutional theory to develop four theoretical rationales for minimum wage legislation: imperfect competition and inequality of bargaining power; involuntary unemployment and destructive competition; efficiency and growth; and labor market externalities and social costs of labor. One revisionist implication is that a minimum wage under plausible conditions may increase economic efficiency even in a purely competitive labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages and excessive effort supply (2010)
Zitatform
Kräkel, Matthias & Anja Schöttner (2010): Minimum wages and excessive effort supply. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 108, H. 3, S. 341-344. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2010.06.004
Abstract
"It is well-known that, in static models, minimum wages generate positive worker rents and, consequently, inefficiently low effort. We show that this result does not necessarily extend to a dynamic context. The reason is that, in repeated employment relationships, firms may exploit workers' future rents to induce excessively high effort." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Arbeit und Fairness: die Suche nach dem gerechten Lohn (2010)
Lesch, Hagen; Bennett, Jenny;Zitatform
Lesch, Hagen & Jenny Bennett (2010): Arbeit und Fairness. Die Suche nach dem gerechten Lohn. (IW-Analysen 59), Köln, 127 S.
Abstract
"Der Arbeitslohn - die eierlegende Wollmilchsau: Er soll hoch genug sein zum Leben, aber nicht so hoch, dass bestimmte Arbeitsplätze im Unternehmen dem Rotstift zum Opfer fallen. Er soll die Motivation stärken, aber er soll auch nicht alle Leistungen über einen Kamm scheren. Durchaus legitime Forderungen - aber lassen sie sich auch unter einen Hut bringen? Dieser Frage nähert sich die IW-Analyse aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht an. Die Autoren beleuchten jede Facette des Themas: empirische Befunde, Lohntheorien und Befragungsergebnisse. Ihr Fazit zum derzeit wohl heißesten Diskussionsthema aus diesem Bereich: Ein gesetzlicher Mindestlohn führt keineswegs zwangsläufig zu mehr Lohngerechtigkeit als aufstockende staatliche Transfers, beispielsweise in Form von Arbeitslosengeld II." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
A theory of minimum wage compliance (or voluntary recognition of unions) (2010)
Zitatform
Masters, Adrian (2010): A theory of minimum wage compliance (or voluntary recognition of unions). In: Labour economics, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. 215-223. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2009.08.001
Abstract
"An urn-ball matching model of the labor market is used to develop a theory of minimum wage compliance or voluntary recognition of unions. Workers can direct their search but, in the absence of wage commitment from the firms, they have no basis to do so. The default means of wage formation in one-on-one matches is Nash bargaining. When there are multiple applicants competition drives the workers down to their continuation value. By attracting more applicants, a binding wage floor provides a means for firms to increase matching rates and improve match quality. An otherwise poorly enforced minimum wage acts as a commitment device for the payment of more generous wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Das Mindestlohnparadoxon (2010)
Zitatform
Sell, Friedrich L. & David C. Reinisch (2010): Das Mindestlohnparadoxon. In: Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium, Jg. 39, H. 4, S. 199-203.
Abstract
"Das Für oder Wider den flächendeckenden gesetzlichen Mindestlohn gehört in Deutschland seit Jahren zu den Themen, mit denen bundesweit Wahlkämpfe bestritten werden. Die politischen Ziele 'Existenzsicherung' und 'höhere Beschäftigung' stehen dabei für fast alle Parteien im Vordergrund der Diskussion. Einzig die Wahl der Instrumente, die vorgesehen sind, um diese Ziele zu erreichen, unterscheidet die Parteien voneinander. Wir verwenden in dieser Arbeit eine neue Argumentationsweise in der Mindestlohndiskussion. Im Rahmen der AS-AD-Analyse werden wir zeigen, dass selbst ein konstruiertes Szenario der Befürworter keine reine Wohltat für die Bevölkerung bedeutet. Vielmehr resultiert genau aus der Annahme einer starken Konsumbelebung durch den Mindestlohn die paradoxe Wirkung starker Reallohneinbußen für die Arbeitnehmer. Diese kontraproduktive Wirkung des Konsumanstiegs bezeichnen wir als Mindestlohnparadoxon." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Was bringt ein gesetzlicher Mindestlohn für Deutschland?: eine aktualisierte und erweiterte Simulationsstudie zu den gesamtwirtschaftlichen Effekten der Einführung eines allgemeinverbindlichen gesetzlichen Mindestlohnes auf der Basis der Konzeption der Vereinten Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft ver.di und der Gewerkschaft Nahrung-Genuss-Gaststätten (NGG) (2009)
Bartsch, Klaus;Zitatform
Bartsch, Klaus (2009): Was bringt ein gesetzlicher Mindestlohn für Deutschland? Eine aktualisierte und erweiterte Simulationsstudie zu den gesamtwirtschaftlichen Effekten der Einführung eines allgemeinverbindlichen gesetzlichen Mindestlohnes auf der Basis der Konzeption der Vereinten Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft ver.di und der Gewerkschaft Nahrung-Genuss-Gaststätten (NGG). Neuendorf, 74 S.
Abstract
"Die Studie ist eine vollständig aktualisierte Fassung der Mindestlohnstudie vom Mai 2007 auf verfeinerter methodischer Grundlage. Ver.di hat erneut folgendes Szenario mit einem gesamtwirtschaftlichen Modell für Deutschland durchrechnen lassen: Welche gesamtwirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen hat es in Deutschland, wenn ab 2010 ein gesetzlicher Mindestlohn von 7,50 EURO eingeführt wird, dieser Mindestlohn bis 2011 schrittweise auf 9,00 EURO erhöht wird, und er in den Folgejahren jeweils in Höhe des verteilungsneutralen Spielraums steigt? Die Studie kommt zu folgenden Ergebnissen: Durch die Einführung und die folgende Anhebung des Mindestlohns wird die Einkommenslage von bis zu vier Millionen Vollzeitbeschäftigten und etwa fünf Millionen geringfügig und Teilzeitbeschäftigten - zum Teil erheblich - verbessert. Menschen mit niedrigen Einkommen geben praktisch jeden zusätzlichen Euro vollständig aus. Zum Sparen kommen sie erst gar nicht. Deshalb würde die Einführung eines allgemeinverbindlichen gesetzlichen Mindestlohnes kurzfristig einen Konsumschub auslösen und hierdurch bis zu 225.000 zusätzliche Arbeitsplätze schaffen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
A theory of efficiency wage with multiple unemployment equilibria: How a higher minimum wage law can curb unemployment (2009)
Zitatform
Basu, Kaushik & Amanda J. Felkey (2009): A theory of efficiency wage with multiple unemployment equilibria: How a higher minimum wage law can curb unemployment. In: Oxford economic papers, Jg. 61, H. 3, S. 494-516. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpn018
Abstract
"This paper uses efficiency wage theory and the existence of community-based sharing to hypothesize that labor markets in developing countries have multiple equilibria-the same economy can be stuck at different levels of unemployment with different levels of wages. The model is meant for developing economies where wage-productivity links are discernible and income-sharing among the poor is prevalent. It seems reasonable to posit that in such an economy more unemployment leads to more income sharing. The main results are generated combining this claim with a theoretical demonstration of the fact that more sharing increases unemployment rates. As corollaries, we show that (1) within the same society, two different racial groups that may be ex ante identical can have different levels of unemployment and wages in equilibrium and (2) the imposition of a legal minimum wage can raise employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The elasticity of labor demand and the minimum wage (2009)
Zitatform
Danziger, Leif (2009): The elasticity of labor demand and the minimum wage. In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 22, H. 3, S. 557-572. DOI:10.1007/s00148-007-0179-y
Abstract
"We show that, contrary to widespread belief, low-pay workers do not generally prefer that the minimum wage rate be increased until the labor demand is unitary elastic. Rather, there exists a critical value of elasticity of labor demand so that increases in the minimum wage rate make low-pay workers better off for higher elasticities, but worse off for lower elasticities. This critical value decreases with unemployment benefits and increases with workers' risk aversion. We also show that in some countries the benefits for long-term unemployed are so low that workers would probably prefer that the minimum wage rate be decreased." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Noncompliance and the effects of the minimum wage on hours and welfare in competitive labor markets (2009)
Zitatform
Danziger, Leif (2009): Noncompliance and the effects of the minimum wage on hours and welfare in competitive labor markets. In: Labour economics, Jg. 16, H. 6, S. 625-630. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2009.08.003
Abstract
In dem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass eine Erhöhung des Mindestlohns widersprüchliche Auswirkungen auf Arbeitszeit und Wohlfahrt in konkurrierenden Arbeitsmärkten haben kann. Grund hierfür ist, dass Arbeitgeber dem Mindestlohnrecht zuwiderhandeln können und einen niedrigen Lohn zahlen können. Für risikoneutrale Arbeitskräfte wird gezeigt, dass Arbeitszeit und Wohlfahrt von der Mindestlohnhöhe nicht beeinflusst werden. Bei Arbeitskräften, die Risiken vermeiden wollen (was wahrscheinlicher ist), sinkt die Arbeitszeit mit der Höhe des Mindestlohns, eine Erhöhung des Mindestlohns wirkt sich jedoch positiv auf ihre Wohlfahrt aus. (IAB)
-
Literaturhinweis
Stepping off the wage escalator: the effects of wage growth on equilibrium employment (2009)
Zitatform
Elsby, Michael W. L. & Matthew D. Shapiro (2009): Stepping off the wage escalator. The effects of wage growth on equilibrium employment. (NBER working paper 15117), Cambridge, Mass., 58 S. DOI:10.3386/w15117
Abstract
"This paper emphasizes the role of wage growth in shaping work incentives. It provides an analytical framework for labor supply in the presence of a return to labor market experience and aggregate productivity growth. A key finding of the theory is that there is an interaction between these two forms of wage growth that explains why aggregate productivity growth can affect employment rates in steady state. The model thus speaks to an enduring puzzle in macroeconomics by uncovering a channel from the declines in trend aggregate wage growth that accompanied the productivity slowdown of the 1970s to persistent declines in employment. The paper also shows that the return to experience for high school dropouts has fallen substantially since the 1970s, which further contributes to the secular decline in employment rates. Taken together, the mechanisms identified in the paper can account for all of the increase in nonemployment among white male high school dropouts from 1968 to 2006. For all white males, it accounts for approximately one half of the increase in the aggregate nonemployment rate over the same period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Anmerkungen zur Mindestlohndebatte: Elastizitäten, Strukturparameter und Topfschlagen (2009)
Zitatform
Fitzenberger, Bernd (2009): Anmerkungen zur Mindestlohndebatte. Elastizitäten, Strukturparameter und Topfschlagen. In: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung, Jg. 42, H. 1, S. 85-92. DOI:10.1007/s12651-009-0004-z
Abstract
"Die Einführung von Mindestlöhnen ist in Deutschland schon intensiv diskutiert worden. Dieser Beitrag ist aus dem Blickwinkel eines empirischen Arbeitsmarktforschers geschrieben und verfolgt zwei Ziele. Zum einen soll auf einige wirtschaftstheoretische Aspekte verwiesen werden, die in der aktuellen Debatte in Deutschland bisher nicht hinreichend diskutiert wurden, obwohl sie wichtige Erklärungsmuster für zentrale Arbeitsmarktphänomene liefern. Ein zweites Ziel ist die Diskussion von relevanten empirischen Ansätzen und Ergebnissen. Gegner eines Mindestlohns und Befürworter eines moderaten Mindestlohns in Deutschland weisen überzeugende theoretische Argumente für ihre Positionen auf. Im Gegensatz dazu ist leider die empirische Basis der Diskussion in Deutschland noch sehr schwach - eine erfreuliche Ausnahme stellt die Studie von König u. Möller (2007) dar. Im Lichte des aktuellen Diskussionsstandes kann ich die Einführung eines noch so moderaten Mindestlohns nicht befürworten. Allerdings sind für mich Umstände denkbar, unter denen die Einführung eines moderaten Mindestlohns sinnvoll wäre. Die Bringschuld dafür, überzeugende empirische Evidenz für das Vorliegen solcher Umstände vorzulegen, liegt bei den Befürwortern eines Mindestlohns." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Minimum wage incidence: the case for Germany (2009)
Zitatform
Knabe, Andreas & Ronnie Schöb (2009): Minimum wage incidence: the case for Germany. In: Finanzarchiv, Jg. 65, H. 4, S. 403-441. DOI:10.1628/001522109X486598
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the impact of a statutory minimum wage on employment, wage inequality, public expenditures, and aggregate income in the low-wage sector for two scenarios: a competitive labor market and a monopsonistic labor market. Using data from the 2006 wave of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), we show that irrespective of which scenario adequately describes the labor market, a statutory minimum wage reduces employment and raises public expenditures. While aggregate income in the low-wage sector increases, poor households (i.e., those eligible for Unemployment Benefits II), do not benefit from a minimum wage. Wage subsidies at the same fiscal cost ensure more favorable employment effects in both scenarios. However, the workers' income depends on whether we have a competitive or a monopsonistic labor market. A wage subsidy ensures higher household income in a competitive labor market but leads to lower income gains in the monopsonistic scenario. Furthermore, wage subsidies lead to a more equal income distribution than statutory minimum wages, irrespective of their incidence. Combining a minimum wage with a compensating wage subsidy, similar to the French minimum wage system, is extremely costly while still inferior to pure wage subsidies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Spillover effects of minimum wages in a two-sector search model (2009)
Zitatform
Moser, Christoph & Nikolai Stähler (2009): Spillover effects of minimum wages in a two-sector search model. (Discussion Paper. Series 1, Economic Studies / Deutsche Bundesbank 2009,01), Frankfurt am Main, 48 S.
Abstract
"Labor market studies on the effects of minimum wages are typically confined to the sector or worker group directly affected. We present a two-sector search model in which one sector is more productive than the other one and thus, pays higher wages. In such a framework, setting a minimum wage in the unproductive sector to reduce the wage gap causes a negative spillover effect on the productive sector. While the effect on job creation in the (targeted) unproductive sector is ambiguous, job creation in the (non-targeted) productive sector unambiguously decreases. This is driven by the fact that a minimum wage increases the outside option of unemployed workers - contributing to wage determination in the productive sector. Welfare effects are ambiguous. In principle, we cannot exclude that a minimum wage in a two-sector search model is welfare enhancing due to the possibility of an above optimal level of productive employment since firms do not take into account the effects of their individual job creation on aggregated search costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Mindestlöhne und ihre Alternativen (2009)
Schlichting, Georg;Zitatform
Schlichting, Georg (2009): Mindestlöhne und ihre Alternativen. In: Das Wirtschaftsstudium H. 4, S. 560-564.
Abstract
"Mindestlöhne sind in Deutschland heftig umstritten. Während die einen den Verlust von Arbeitsplätzen befürchten, halten sie andere für notwendig, um deutsche Arbeitnehmer vor Billiglohnkonkurrenz zu schützen. Mindestlöhne führen zu zahlreichen Problemen, womit sich die Frage nach ökonomisch vertretbaren Alternativen stellt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter