Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Parental precarious employment and the mental health of adolescents: a Swedish registry study (2025)
Aronsson, Amanda E.; Mangot-Sala, Lluís ; Hernando-Rodriguez, Julio C.; Badarin, Kathryn ; Alfayumi-Zeadna, Samira; Gunn, Virginia; Thern, Emelie ; Muntaner, Carles ; Kreshpaj, Bertina; Julià, Mireia ; Kvart, Signild ; Bodin, Theo ; Matilla-Santander, Nuria;Zitatform
Aronsson, Amanda E., Emelie Thern, Nuria Matilla-Santander, Signild Kvart, Julio C. Hernando-Rodriguez, Kathryn Badarin, Mireia Julià, Samira Alfayumi-Zeadna, Virginia Gunn, Bertina Kreshpaj, Carles Muntaner, Theo Bodin & Lluís Mangot-Sala (2025): Parental precarious employment and the mental health of adolescents: a Swedish registry study. In: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 59-67. DOI:10.5271/sjweh.4210
Abstract
"This study investigates the association between parental precarious employment (PE) and the mental health of their adolescent children, with a particular focus on how the association differs based on whether the mother or father is in PE. This register-based study used the Swedish Work, Illness, and Labor-market Participation (SWIP) cohort. A sample of 117 437 children aged 16 years at baseline (2005) were followed up until 2009 (the year they turned 20). A multidimensional construct of PE (SWE-ROPE 2.0) was used to classify parental employment as either precarious, substandard or standard. The outcome, adolescents’ mental disorders, wasmeasured as a diagnosis of a mental disorder using ICD-10 codes or by prescribed psychotropic drugs using ATC codes. Crude and adjusted Cox regression models produced hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the association between parental PE and adolescents’mental health. Adolescents with parents in PE exhibited a higher risk of developing mental disorders. The association was more pronounced for paternal PE (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.35) compared to maternal PE (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.21). These associations largely persisted after adjusting for important confounders, including parental mental health. This study addresses a significant gap in the literature on parental PE and adolescents’ mental health. As PE is growing more common across countries, this study provides relevant insights into the intergenerational role that parental low-quality employment may have in terms of mental health within families." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour and social protection gaps impacting the health and well-being of workers in non-standard employment: An international comparative study (2025)
Kvart, Signild ; Cuervo, Isabel; Muntaner, Carles ; Julià, Mireia ; Gunn, Virginia; Ivarsson, Lars; Davis, Letitia; Lewchuk, Wayne ; Bosmans, Kim ; Bodin, Theo ; Baron, Sherry L.; Gutiérrez-Zamora, Mariana; Vílchez, David; Diaz, Ignacio; Vänerhagen, Kristian; Bolíbar, Mireia ; O'Campo, Patricia; Álvarez-López, Valentina; Escrig-Piñol, Astrid; Ahonen, Emily Q.; Vignola, Emilia F.; Zaupa, Alessandro; Vos, Mattias ; Östergren, Per-Olof ; Vives, Alejandra ; Ruiz, Marisol E.; Padrosa, Eva ;Zitatform
Kvart, Signild, Isabel Cuervo, Virginia Gunn, Wayne Lewchuk, Kim Bosmans, Letitia Davis, Astrid Escrig-Piñol, Per-Olof Östergren, Eva Padrosa, Alejandra Vives, Alessandro Zaupa, Emily Q. Ahonen, Valentina Álvarez-López, Mireia Bolíbar, Ignacio Diaz, Mariana Gutiérrez-Zamora, Lars Ivarsson, Mireia Julià, Carles Muntaner, Patricia O'Campo, Marisol E. Ruiz, Kristian Vänerhagen, Emilia F. Vignola, David Vílchez, Mattias Vos, Theo Bodin & Sherry L. Baron (2025): Labour and social protection gaps impacting the health and well-being of workers in non-standard employment: An international comparative study. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0320248
Abstract
"Background: World economies increasingly rely on non-standard employment arrangements, which has been linked to ill health. While work and employment conditions are recognized structural determinants of health and health equity, policies aiming to protect workers from negative implications predominantly focus on standard employment arrangements and the needs of workers in non-standard employment may be neglected. The aim of this study is to explore workers’ experiences of gaps in labour regulations and social protections and its influence on their health and well-being across 6 countries with differing policy approaches: Belgium, Canada, Chile, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. Methods: 250 semi-structured interviews with workers in non-standard employment were analyzed thematically using a multiple case-study approach. Results: There are notable differences in workers’ rights to protection across the countries. However, participants across all countries experienced similar challenges including employment instability, income inadequacy and limited rights and protection, due to policy-related gaps and access-barriers. In response, they resorted to individual resources and strategies, struggled to envision supportive policies, and expressed low expectations of changes by employers and policymakers. Conclusions: Policy gaps threaten workers’ health and well-being across all study countries, irrespective of the levels of labour market regulations and social protections. Workers in non-standard employment disproportionately endure economic risks, which may increase social and health inequality. The study highlights the need to improve social protection for this vulnerable population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary Contracts, Employment Trajectories and Dualisation: A Comparison of Norway and Sweden (2023)
Zitatform
Berglund, Tomas, Roy A. Nielsen, Olof Reichenberg & Jørgen Svalund (2023): Temporary Contracts, Employment Trajectories and Dualisation: A Comparison of Norway and Sweden. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 2, S. 505-524. DOI:10.1177/09500170211031466
Abstract
"This study compares the labour market trajectories of the temporary employed in Norway with those in Sweden. Sweden’s employment protection legislation gap between the strict protection of permanent employment and the loose regulation of temporary employment has widened in recent decades, while Norway has maintained balanced and strict regulation of both employment types. The study asserts that the two countries differ concerning the distribution of trajectories, leading to permanent employment and trajectories that do not create firmer labour market attachment. Using sequence analysis to analyse two-year panels of the labour force survey for 1997–2011, several different trajectories are discerned in the two countries. The bridge trajectories dominate in Norway, while dead-end trajectories are more common in Sweden. Moreover, the bridge trajectories are selected to stronger categories (mid-aged and higher educated) in Sweden than in Norway. The results are discussed from the perspective of labour market dualisation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Enforcing outsiders' rights: seasonal agricultural workers and institutionalised exploitation in the EU (2023)
Zitatform
Bruzelius, Cecilia & Martin Seeleib-Kaiser (2023): Enforcing outsiders' rights: seasonal agricultural workers and institutionalised exploitation in the EU. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 49, H. 16, S. 4188-4205. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2207340
Abstract
"Enforcement is a crucial aspect for understanding labour market hierarchies in Europe and exploitation of mobile and migrant EU workers. Whereas most literature on intra-EU mobility and enforcement has focused on posted workers, this paper sheds light on enforcement in seasonal agriculture and forestry where posted work is very uncommon yet mobile workers overrepresented. In the EU, enforcement highly depends on Member States' capacities. Therefore, we explore how labour rights, and specifically wages, are enforced across four EU Member States with different enforcement regimes, namely Austria, Germany, Sweden and the UK. In line with existing research, we expect that enforcement will be more effective also in agriculture/forestry where it is organised mainly through industrial relations, as opposed to administrative or judicial enforcement. Nevertheless, our review of enforcement practices suggests that seasonal agricultural and forestry workers' rights are neglected across countries, irrespective of enforcement regime. We argue that the scant efforts made to enforce these workers' rights amounts to institutionalised exploitation of labour market outsiders and that administrative enforcement is necessary to ensure hypermobile workers' rights. We also draw attention to the contradictory role of the EU and its simultaneous attempt to strengthen and weaken enforcement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precariousness in Norway and Sweden: a comparative register-based study of longstanding precarious attachment to the labour market 1996–2015 (2021)
Zitatform
Gauffin, Karl, Kristian Heggebø & Jon Ivar Elstad (2021): Precariousness in Norway and Sweden: a comparative register-based study of longstanding precarious attachment to the labour market 1996–2015. In: European Societies, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 379-402. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2021.1882685
Abstract
"Precariousness in working life is a rising concern in Europe, but scant statistical evidence exists as to the prevalence and development of longstanding precarious employment. Using high-quality individual-level population-wide register data across several decades, this study addresses this issue in Norway and Sweden. Longstanding precarious attachment to the labour market was defined as low/marginal work income during eight years, with frequent substantial income drops and/or reliance on income maintenance schemes. In the core working-age population, 15.3 percent in Norway and 20.0 percent in Sweden had this employment attachment during 1996–2003. Women, low educated, and foreign-born were at higher risk. Contrary to expectations, in 2008–2015, longstanding precarious attachment had declined to 12.7 percent in Norway and 14.5 percent in Sweden. Women in particular, but also immigrants, had attained stronger labour market attachment in the latter period. These results could indicate that key welfare state elements such as trade union strength, strong employment protection and active labour market policies have been successful in shielding workers from negative labour market developments. However, certain population categories with particularly high risk of precarious employment, such as young adults and short-term and undocumented immigrants, have not been analysed by this study" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fighting precarious work with institutional power: Union inclusion and its limits across spheres of action (2021)
Zitatform
O'Brady, Sean (2021): Fighting precarious work with institutional power: Union inclusion and its limits across spheres of action. In: BJIR, Jg. 59, H. 4, S. 1084-1107. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12596
Abstract
"Research shows that union inclusion is critical to resisting precariousness, yet the role of institutional power is not adequately addressed. Through an investigation of eight retailers in four countries, this study uniquely examines how inclusive union strategies, cost competition and institutional power interact in different ‘spheres of action’. In the product market sphere, unions struggle to prevent labour cost competition between firms from eroding working conditions. In the production sphere, unions struggle to prevent labour cost competition between workers in a single firm from eroding working conditions. This article finds that multi‐level sources of institutional power are a precursor to effective union inclusion and articulating action towards threats from cost competition. I thereby argue that union efforts to resist precarious work are contingent on access to power from institutions. The article concludes with reflections on how institutional power relates to other forms of power." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe (2021)
Zitatform
Xavier Jara, H. & Alberto Tumino (2021): Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe. In: Journal of Common Market Studies, Jg. 59, H. 3, S. 535-555. DOI:10.1111/jcms.13099
Abstract
"This paper evaluates the degree of income protection the tax-benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our approach relies on simulating transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce in EU member states to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers, who are also more exposed to the risk of poverty, both while in work and in unemployment. Low work intensity employees are characterized by high net replacement rates. However, this is due to the major role played by market incomes of other household members. Finally, we show that in countries where self-employed workers are not eligible for unemployment insurance benefits, extending the eligibility to this group of workers would increase their replacement rates and make them less likely to fall into poverty in the event of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low education, high job quality? Job autonomy and learning among workers without higher education in Scandinavia, the United Kingdom and Ireland (2020)
Zitatform
Aspøy, Tove Mogstad (2020): Low education, high job quality? Job autonomy and learning among workers without higher education in Scandinavia, the United Kingdom and Ireland. In: European Societies, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 188-210. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2019.1660392
Abstract
"Most comparative studies of job autonomy and learning opportunities find that workers in Scandinavian countries are better off. Recent studies have challenged these findings, showing low job quality, particularly in the lower private service sector in the Scandinavian countries. The aim of this article is to examine whether the autonomous and learning-intensive working life of Scandinavia also applies to people without higher education. It explores if there is a gap in job autonomy and informal job learning between educational groups, and if this gap varies across the social democratic systems of Sweden, Norway and Denmark on the one hand, and the liberal systems of the United Kingdom and Ireland on the other. Drawing on quantitative micro-data from PIAAC (2011/2012), this article demonstrates that Scandinavians with no education above upper secondary school do experience greater job autonomy than their counterparts in the British Isles. Moreover, the gap between educational groups in terms of job autonomy is smaller in Scandinavia than it is in the liberal systems. Regarding informal learning opportunities, the relative disadvantage among workers without higher education seems to be associated with selection into occupations with few opportunities for informal job learning, in Scandinavia as well as the British Isles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers' (2020)
Zitatform
Millán, Ana, José María Millán & Leonel Caçador-Rodrigues (2020): Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers'. In: Small business economics, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 461-474. DOI:10.1007/s11187-019-00245-7
Abstract
"In this study, we examine whether job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers', i.e. the workers in this particular grey zone between employment and self-employment, are more similar to those of the self-employed or paid employed. To this end, we use microdata drawn from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey for 34 European countries. First, we develop and validate a psychometrically sound multidimensional scale for these 3 key constructs by conducting both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Then, multilevel (hierarchical) linear regressions are used to test the validity of our hypotheses. Our results suggest that these hybrid work relationships are endowed with the least favourable attributes of both groups: lower job control than self-employed workers, higher job demands than paid employees and, overall, worse job outcomes than both." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28 (2019)
Avlijaš, Sonja;Zitatform
Avlijaš, Sonja (2019): The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28. (LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 141), London, 76 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the prevalence of non-standard workers in EU-28, rules for accessing social security, and these workers' risk of not being able to access it. It focuses on temporary and part-time workers, and the self-employed, and offers a particularly detailed analysis of their access to unemployment benefits. It focuses on eligibility, adequacy (net income replacement rates) and identifies those workers which are at the greatest risk of either not receiving benefits or receiving low benefits. It offers a special overview of foreign non-standard workers, who may be particularly vulnerable due to the absence of citizenship in the host country. The paper also analyses access to maternity and sickness benefits for these three groups of workers, as well as their access to pensions. Its key contribution is in bringing together the different dimensions of disadvantage that non-standard workers face vis-à-vis access to social protection. This allows us to comprehensively assess the adaptation of national social security systems across EU-28 to the changing world of work over the past 10 years. The paper shows that there is a lot of variation between the Member States, both in the structure of their social security systems, as well as the prevalence of non-standard work. Most notably, the paper concludes that: i) access to unemployment benefits is the most challenging component of welfare state provision for people in non-standard employment; ii) policy reforms vis-à-vis access to social benefits have improved the status of non-standard workers in several countries, while they have worsened it in others, particularly in Bulgaria, Ireland and Latvia; iii) some Eastern European countries can offer lessons to other Member States due to their experiences with labour market challenges during transition and the subsequent adaptations of their social security systems to greater labour market flexibility. The paper also implies that a country's policy towards nonstandard work" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time employment as a way to increase women's employment: (Where) does it work? (2019)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Paolo, Giorgio Cutuli, Raffaele Guetto & Stefani Scherer (2019): Part-time employment as a way to increase women's employment: (Where) does it work? In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 60, H. 4, S. 249-268. DOI:10.1177/0020715219849463
Abstract
"Part-time employment has repeatedly been proposed as a solution for integrating women into the labor market; however, empirical evidence supporting a causal link is mixed. In this text, we investigate the extent to which increasing part-time employment is a valid means of augmenting women's labor market participation. We pay particular attention to the institutional context and the related characteristics of part-time employment in European countries to test the conditions under which this solution is a viable option. The results reveal that part-time employment may strengthen female employment in Continental Europe and especially in Southern Europe, where an increase in part-time employment - even if it is demand-side driven - leads to greater employment participation among women. We also discuss some policy implications and trade-offs: Although part-time work can lead to higher numbers of employed women, it does so at the cost of increasing gendered labor market segregation. We analyze data from the European Labor Force Survey (EU-LFS) 1992 - 2011 for 19 countries and 188 regions and exploit regional variation over time while controlling for time-constant regional characteristics, time-varying regional labor market features, and (time-varying) confounding factors at the national level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Staying in or switching between permanent, temporary and self-employment during 2008-2010: associations with changing job characteristics and emotional exhaustion (2019)
Zitatform
Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, Constanze Leineweber & Hugo Westerlund (2019): Staying in or switching between permanent, temporary and self-employment during 2008-2010. Associations with changing job characteristics and emotional exhaustion. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 215-237. DOI:10.1177/0143831X18804648
Abstract
"Labour market segmentation theories suggest that permanent and temporary workers are exposed to economic risks to different degrees, and differ in their working life quality and well-being. However, few studies have tested these ideas during times of economic crisis. Also, little is known about how the self-employed compare to permanent and temporary workers and are affected by economic downturns. This study investigated Swedish workers in different labour market segments before and after the financial crisis (2008 and 2010). More specifically, it looked at job characteristics and strain differences between permanent, temporary and self-employed workers. Data (N = 6335) came from SLOSH, a longitudinal representative cohort study of the Swedish workforce. Contradicting segmentation theories, differences between permanent and temporary workers were small. The self-employed stood out with favourable job characteristics, but comparable strain levels. During the crisis, work demands and strain declined for many of the workers studied here." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Geringqualifizierte in Deutschland: Beschäftigung, Entlohnung und Erwerbsverläufe im Wandel (2019)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner, Paul Marx, Florian Wozny, Carolin Linckh, Tanja Schmidt & Verena Tobsch (2019): Geringqualifizierte in Deutschland. Beschäftigung, Entlohnung und Erwerbsverläufe im Wandel. (IZA research report 91), Bonn, 118 S.
Abstract
"Für gering qualifizierte Personen, so wird oft argumentiert, ist das Risiko besonders groß, im Zuge von Globalisierung und Automatisierung ihren Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren, in Arbeitslosigkeit zu verbleiben oder ein Beschäftigungsverhältnis von nur geringer Qualität aufnehmen zu können. Vor diesem Hintergrund bietet es sich an, empirisch zu untersuchen, wie sich die Erwerbssituation gering qualifizierter Personen in Deutschland und anderen europäischen Ländern verändert hat. Lassen sich Verbesserungen oder Verschlechterungen bei der Erwerbsintegration einerseits und bei der Qualität der Arbeitsverhältnisse andererseits erkennen?
Im ersten empirischen Abschnitt dieser Studie wird die Entwicklung der Erwerbstätigkeit Geringqualifizierter über die Zeit in Ost- und Westdeutschland im Hinblick auf die Kriterien Niveau, Erwerbsformen, Entlohnung und ausgeübter Beruf sowie weitere Variablen untersucht. Darüber hinaus ist es besonders relevant, die Lage gering qualifizierter Personen im Zeitablauf zu verfolgen und nachzuzeichnen, welche typischen Muster es im Erwerbsleben dieser Menschen in der Querschnittsbetrachtung seit den 1980er-Jahren gegeben hat. Der entsprechenden Analyse individueller Erwerbsverläufe widmet sich der dann folgende Abschnitt mithilfe von Sequenzanalysen. Die Rolle von Institutionen des Arbeitsmarkts und des Sozialstaats wird schließlich im internationalen Vergleich genauer untersucht.
Zusammenfassend lässt sich für die Querschnittsbetrachtung festhalten, dass der Rückgang des Anteils der Geringqualifizierten an der Bevölkerung und die zunehmende Erwerbsbeteiligung dieser Personengruppe, insbesondere in Ostdeutschland, zunächst positiv zu bewerten sind. Während jedoch die Anteile der Inaktiven in den letzten 25 bis 30 Jahren bei Geringqualifizierten besonders stark rückläufig waren, ist die Arbeitslosenquote sowohl in West- als auch in Ostdeutschland im Kreis der Geringqualifizierten stärker gestiegen als in dem der Mittelqualifizierten. Niveauunterschiede der Erwerbsbeteiligung zeigen sich zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland sowohl bei den Gering- als auch bei den Mittelqualifizierten. Der Frauenanteil in der Gruppe der Geringqualifizierten ist im Lauf der Zeit deutlich gesunken. Die vermehrte Teilnahme der Geringqualifizierten am Erwerbsleben geht allerdings mit einem größeren Anteil gering entlohnter Beschäftigung sowie häufigerer Berufstätigkeit im Rahmen von atypischen Verträgen einher. Gleichzeitig haben sich die für Geringqualifizierte erreichbaren Berufsfelder von einfacheren industriellen Tätigkeiten hin zu Hilfstätigkeiten im Dienstleistungssektor verlagert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Ähnliche Treffer
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe: labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility (2019)
Zitatform
Passaretta, Giampiero & Maarten H. J. Wolbers (2019): Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe. Labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 382-408. DOI:10.1177/0143831X16652946
Abstract
"This article focuses on school-leavers who enter employment with a temporary contract in the European context, and examines their probabilities to shift to standard employment or unemployment, and their chances of occupational mobility afterwards. The authors argue that two institutional dimensions of insider - outsider segmentation drive the career progression after a flexible entry: the gap between the regulation of permanent and temporary contracts and the degree of unionization. The analyses show that a disproportionate protection of permanent compared to temporary contracts increases the probability of remaining on a fixed-term contract, whereas the degree of unionization slightly decreases the chance of moving to jobs with higher or lower socio-economic status. Finally, a shift to permanent employment after a fixed-term entry is more often associated with occupational upward mobility in strongly rather than weakly unionized labour markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labor market in Sweden since the 1990s: the Swedish economy continues to have high employment and rapidly rising real wages (2018)
Gottfries, Nils;Zitatform
Gottfries, Nils (2018): The labor market in Sweden since the 1990s. The Swedish economy continues to have high employment and rapidly rising real wages. (IZA world of labor 411), Bonn, 12 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.411
Abstract
"Heute zählt Schweden zu den EU-Staaten mit der höchsten Erwerbsbeteiligung und Beschäftigungsquote. Seit 2001 sind die Reallöhne - bei stabiler, komprimierter Lohnverteilung - stetig gestiegen, während das geschlechtsspezifische Lohngefälle deutlich zurückgegangen ist. Probleme bereiten allerdings die Beschäftigungsquoten von Zuwanderern und Personen mit geringer Bildung. Hier sind politische Maßnahmen erforderlich, um Qualifikationen (z. B. sprachliche und berufsspezifische Fähigkeiten) zu vermitteln. Die Lohnverteilung sollte am unteren Ende ausgeweitet werden, um mehr Arbeitsplätze für weniger qualifizierte Arbeitskräfte zu schaffen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
The new normal of working lives: critical studies in contemporary work and employment (2018)
Zitatform
Taylor, Stephanie & Susan Luckman (Hrsg.) (2018): The new normal of working lives. Critical studies in contemporary work and employment. (Dynamics of virtual work), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 356 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-66038-7
Abstract
"This critical, international and interdisciplinary edited collection investigates the new normal of work and employment, presenting research on the experience of the workers themselves. The collection explores the formation of contemporary worker subjects, and the privilege or disadvantage in play around gender, class, age and national location within the global workforce.
Organised around the three areas of: creative working, digital working lives, and transitions and transformations, its fifteen chapters examine in detail the emerging norms of work and work activities in a range of occupations and locations. It also investigates the coping strategies adopted by workers to manage novel difficulties and life circumstances, and their understandings of the possibilities, trajectories, mobilities, identities and potential rewards of their work situations." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Inhalt: Stephanie Taylor, Susan Luckman Collection Introduction: The 'New Normal' of Working Lives (1-15);
Part I Creative Working ;
Susan Luckman, Jane Andrew: Online Selling and the Growth of Home-Based Craft Micro-enterprise: The 'New Normal' of Women's Self-(under)Employment (19-39);
Ana Alacovska: Hope Labour Revisited: Post-socialist Creative Workers and Their Methods of Hope (41-63);
Karen Cross: From Visual Discipline to Love-Work: The Feminising of Photographic Expertise in the Age of Social Media (65-85);
Frédérick Harry Pitts: Creative Labour, Before and After 'Going Freelance': Contextual Factors and Coalition-Building Practices (87-107);
Frédérik Lesage: Searching, Sorting, and Managing Glut: Media Software Inscription Strategies for 'Being Creative' (109-126);
Part II Digital Working Lives ;
Katariina Mäkinen: Negotiating the Intimate and the Professional in Mom Blogging (129-146);
Daniel Ashton, Karen Patel: Vlogging Careers: Everyday Expertise, Collaboration and Authenticity (147-169);
Johanna Koroma, Matti Vartiainen: From Presence to Multipresence: Mobile Knowledge Workers' Densified Hours (171-200);
Iva Josefssonn: Affectual Demands and the Creative Worker: Experiencing Selves and Emotions in the Creative Organisation (201-217);
Silvia Ivaldi, Ivana Pais, Giuseppe Scaratti: Coworking(s) in the Plural: Coworking Spaces and New Ways of Managing (219-241);
Part III Transitions and Transformations ;
Kori Allan: 'Investment in Me': Uncertain Futures and Debt in the Intern Economy (245-263);
Hanna-Mari Ikonen: Letting Them Get Close: Entrepreneurial Work and the New Normal (265-283);
Elin Vadelius: Self-Employment in Elderly Care: A Way to Self-Fulfilment or Self-Exploitation for Professionals? (285-308);
Ingrid Biese, Marta Choroszewicz: Creating Alternative Solutions for Work: Expertences of Women Managers and Lawyers in Poland and the USA (309-325);
Stephanie Taylor: Beyond Work? New Expectations and Aspirations (327-345). -
Literaturhinweis
Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? (2017)
Zitatform
Dekker, Fabian & Romke van der Veen (2017): Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 256-270. DOI:10.1177/0143831X14563946
Abstract
"Today, there is a widespread suggestion that permanent workers are increasingly subject to precarious working conditions. Due to international competition and declining union density, job qualities of permanent workers are assumed to be under strain. According to proponents of a democratization of risk rationale, low job qualities that were traditionally attached to secondary labour markets are transferred to workers in primary segments of the labour market. In this study, the authors test this theoretical rationale among workers in 11 Western European economies, using two waves of the European Working Conditions Survey. The results do not confirm a democratization of labour market risk. Lower job qualities are highly associated with flexible employment contracts and highlight a clear gap between insiders and outsiders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation?: cross-country firm-level evidence (2017)
Zitatform
Dräger, Vanessa & Paul Marx (2017): Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation? Cross-country firm-level evidence. In: ILR review, Jg. 70, H. 4, S. 942-975. DOI:10.1177/0019793916687718
Abstract
"The growth of temporary employment is one of the most important transformations of labor markets in the past decades. Theoretically, firms' exposure to short-term workload fluctuations is a major determinant of employing temporary workers when employment protection for permanent workers is high. The authors investigate this relationship empirically with establishment-level data in a broad comparative framework. They create two novel data sets by merging 1) data on 18,500 European firms with 2) measures of labor-market institutions for 20 countries. Results show that fluctuations increase the probability of hiring temporary workers by 8 percentage points in countries with strict employment protection laws. No such effect is observed in countries with weaker employment protections. Results are robust to subgroups, subsamples, and alternative estimation strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fragmentierte Belegschaften: Leiharbeit, Informalität und Soloselbständigkeit in globaler Perspektive (2017)
Holst, Hajo; Manske, Alexandra; Matuschek, Ingo; Ludwig, Carmen; Tomadoni, Claudia; Berti, Natalia; Holzschuh, Madeleine; Håkansson, Kristina ; Niehoff, Steffen; Holst, Hajo; Nowak, Jörg ; Isidorsson, Tommy ; Pernicka, Susanne; Webster, Edward ; Pulignano, Valeria ; Hefler, Günter; Reichel, Astrid ; Jordhus-Lier, David; Schmalz, Stefan ; Holzschuh, Madeleine; Singe, Ingo; Brunsen, Hendrik; Sittel, Johanna ;Zitatform
Holst, Hajo (Hrsg.) (2017): Fragmentierte Belegschaften. Leiharbeit, Informalität und Soloselbständigkeit in globaler Perspektive. (International labour studies 12), Frankfurt: Campus-Verl., 308 S.
Abstract
"Leiharbeit, Informalität und Soloselbständigkeit sind auf dem Vormarsch - und dies nicht nur in Deutschland. Rund um den Globus greifen Unternehmen auf Outsourcing zurück und setzen externe Arbeitskräfte ein, um Kosten zu reduzieren und langfristige Bindungen zu vermeiden, aber auch um spezifisches Know-how einzukaufen. Anhand dichter empirischer Studien beleuchten die Beiträge die entsprechenden Managementpraktiken, den Arbeitsalltag der Beschäftigten und die Reaktionen der Interessenvertretungen. Dabei nehmen sie neben der Automobilindustrie, der Logistikbranche und der Kreativwirtschaft auch die verschiedenen Arbeitsgesellschaften des Globalen Nordens und Südens in den Blick." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Hajo Holst: Fragmentierte Belegschaften: Problemaufriss und Übersicht (9-30);
I. Externalisierung, Leiharbeit und Informalität in der Industrie
Hajo Holst, Hendrik Brunsen, Ingo Matuschek, Steffen Niehoff: Zwei Logiken der Externalisierung - Fragmentierte Arbeit in der Forschung & Entwicklung der Automobilindustrie (33-67);
Stefan Schmalz Natalia Berti, Madeleine Holzschuh, Johanna Sittel, Claudia Tomadoni: Unsicherheit als Alltagserfahrung: Abgestufte Beschäftigungshierarchien im Wertschöpfungssystem Automobil in Argentinien (69-97);
Kristina Hakansson, Tommy Isidorsson: Flexibilität und Unsicherheit: Leiharbeit in Schweden (99-115);
Jörg Nowak: Streiks und Arbeiterunruhen in der indischen Autoindustrie: Konflikte bei Maruti Suzuki India Limited 2011/2012 (117-141);
Valeria Pulignano: Atypische Beschäftigung und Fragmentierung des Arbeitsmarktes in Italien - "Karussell der Prekarität"? (143-161);
II. Outsourcing, freie Mitarbeiter/innen und Befristungen im Dienstleistungssektor
Hajo Holst, Ingo Singe: Arbeiten in Parallelwelten - Externalisierung und Informalisierung von Arbeit in der Paketzustellung (165-190);
Alexandra Manske, Hendrik Brunsen: Informelle Beziehungen als Flexibilitätsressource auf Projektarbeitsmärkten: Zur Sozialordnung einer Designagentur (191-215);
Carmen Ludwig, Edward Webster: Zwischen inklusiver und exldusiver Solidarität: Die Fragmentierung kommunaler Beschäftigung in Johannesburg (217-244);
David Jordhus-Lier: Flexibilisierung als Fragmentierung: Der Kampf gegen Outsourcing im norwegischen Hotelsektor (245-267);
Susanne Pernicka, Astrid Reichel, Günter Hefter: Wissenschaftskarrieren an österreichischen Universitäten: Zur Bedeutung von neuen Steuerungsmodellen, institutionalisierten Leitbildern und Praktiken (269-301). -
Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa (2016)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Julia Bredtmann (2016): Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 270-298. DOI:10.1515/zfwp-2016-0017
Abstract
"Befristete Verträge werden in vielen Ländern der Europäischen Union als Instrument, Arbeitsmärkte flexibel zu gestalten, eingesetzt. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass die befristete Beschäftigung nur bedingt die Durchlässigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte unterstützt. Zwar erleichtert sie teilweise den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt aber auch zu instabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten, die mit einer geringen Sprungbrettfunktion der befristeten Beschäftigung einhergehen. Um nachhaltige Beschäftigung zu schaffen, erscheinen Reformen des Kündigungsschutzes, die Übergange in reguläre Jobs erleichtern, sowie Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung als sinnvolle Alternativen" (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Bünning, Mareike & Matthias Pollmann-Schult (2016): Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe. In: European Societies, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 295-314. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2016.1153698
Abstract
"An increasing proportion of the European labor force works in the evening, at night or on weekends. Because nonstandard work schedules are associated with a number of negative outcomes for families and children, parents may seek to avoid such schedules. However, for parents with insufficient access to formal child care, working nonstandard hours or days may be an adaptive strategy used to manage child-care needs. It enables 'split-shift' parenting, where parents work alternate schedules, allowing one of the two to be at home looking after the children. This study examines the prevalence of nonstandard work schedules among parents and nonparents in 22 European countries. Specifically, we ask whether the provision of formal child care influences the extent to which parents of preschool-aged children work nonstandard schedules. Using data from the European Social Survey and multilevel models, we find evidence that the availability of formal child care reduces nonstandard work among parents. This indicates that access to formal child care enables parents to work standard schedules. To the extent that nonstandard work schedules are negatively associated with child wellbeing, access to formal child care protects children from the adverse effects of their parents' evening and night work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hanging in, but only just: part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen, Ive Marx & Brian Nolan (2016): Hanging in, but only just. Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0053-6
Abstract
"The crisis has deepened pre-existing concerns regarding low-wage and non-standard employment. Countries where unemployment increased most strongly during the crisis period also saw part-time employment increasing, particularly involuntary part-time work. With involuntary part-time workers, as a particular group of underemployed, facing especially high poverty rates, this was accompanied by an increase, on average, in the poverty risk associated with working part-time. However, this was not reflected in a marked increase in the overall in-work poverty rate because full-time work remains dominant and its poverty risk did not change markedly. The household context is of the essence when considering policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dualization or liberalization?: Investigating precarious work in eight European countries (2016)
Zitatform
Prosser, Thomas (2016): Dualization or liberalization? Investigating precarious work in eight European countries. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 949-965. DOI:10.1177/0950017015609036
Abstract
"A recent upsurge in the incidence of precarious work in Europe necessitates fresh examination of the origins of this trend. On the basis of field research in eight European countries and with reference to theories of liberalization and dualization, the factors that drive precarious work in discrete European labour markets are thus investigated. It is discovered that, while a structural-demographic factor such as non-compliance with labour law is a notable progenitor of precarious work, the deregulatory strategies of public authorities are particularly significant drivers. In conclusion it is asserted that although the theory of dualization helps explain developments in conservative-corporatist countries, in Anglophone and Mediterranean countries liberalization theory is generally more apposite. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries emerge as a hybrid case." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsqualität von Teilzeit- und Vollzeitbeschäftigten: Beschäftigungsregime im Vergleich (2015)
Zitatform
Fritz, Martin (2015): Arbeitsqualität von Teilzeit- und Vollzeitbeschäftigten. Beschäftigungsregime im Vergleich. (GESIS papers 2015,11), Mannheim, 35 S.
Abstract
"Teilzeitarbeit ist seit Jahren die häufigste atypische Beschäftigungsform in Europa. Vor dem Hintergrund sozialpolitischer Debatten zur Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Familie, Geschlechtergleichstellung und Arbeitszeitreduzierung ist ein weiterer Anstieg von Teilzeitarbeit zu erwarten. Doch wie ist es tatsächlich um die Arbeitsqualität von Teilzeitbeschäftigung bestellt? Unter welchen Umständen sind in Teilzeit Erwerbstätige zufrieden mit ihren Arbeitsbedingungen? Welche Unterschiede gibt es dabei zwischen den untersuchten Ländern?
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit diesen Fragen aus empirischer und Länder vergleichender Perspektive. Als theoretische Grundlage dient ein mehrdimensionales Konzept der Arbeitsqualität, welches die Aspekte Arbeitszeit, Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie, Arbeitsplatzsicherheit, Einkommen, sowie Autonomie und Vielfalt im Job umfasst. Indem diese als evaluativ-relationales Konzept (Hauff & Kirchner 2013) operationalisiert werden, d.h. die Diskrepanzen zwischen den wahrgenommenen und präferierten Arbeitsbedingungen in den Blick zu nehmen, liegt der Fokus auf einem Verständnis von Arbeitsqualität als etwas, was aus dem Zusammenspiel zwischen den Wünschen der Beschäftigten und den tatsächlichen Arbeitsbedingungen entsteht." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Second chance education matters! Income trajectories of poorly educated non-Nordics in Sweden (2015)
Zitatform
Nordlund, Madelene, Sara Bonfanti & Mattias Strandh (2015): Second chance education matters! Income trajectories of poorly educated non-Nordics in Sweden. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 28, H. 5, S. 528-550. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2013.820262
Abstract
"In this study we examine the long-term impact of second chance education (SCE) on incomes of poorly educated individuals who live in Sweden but were not born in a Nordic country, using data on income changes from 1992 to 2003 compiled by Statistics Sweden. Ordinary Least Squares regression analyses show that participation in SCE increased the work income of non-Nordics by a higher percentage than that of Nordics. The results also indicate that much of the effects of SCE on non-Nordics are related to increases in 'Sweden-specific' human capital, rather than increases in their educational level per se, which seems to provide a form of 'endowment insurance' that improves their labour market position in Sweden. Relying on the theoretical framework of the Capability Approach, we conclude that such effects are related to the instrumental economic value of individuals' capability to be educated, as well as the value of material well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flexiblework and immigration in Europe (2015)
Zitatform
Raess, Damian & Brian Burgoon (2015): Flexiblework and immigration in Europe. In: BJIR, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 94-111. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12022
Abstract
"Immigration has risen substantially in many European economies, with farreaching if still uncertain implications for labour markets and industrial relations. This article investigates such implications, focusing on employment flexibility, involving both 'external flexibility' (fixed-term or temporary agency and/or involuntary part-time work) and 'internal flexibility' (overtime and/or balancing-time accounts). The article identifies reasons why immigration should generally increase the incidence of such flexibility, and why external flexibility should rise more than internal flexibility. The article supports these claims using a dataset of establishments in 16 European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Offshoring of jobs and internationalisation of production: empirical investigations of labour market and welfare state effects in Denmark and the Nordic countries (2014)
Zitatform
Refslund, Bjarke & Jørgen Goul Andersen (2014): Offshoring of jobs and internationalisation of production. Empirical investigations of labour market and welfare state effects in Denmark and the Nordic countries. (CCWS working paper 84), Aalborg, 73 S.
Abstract
"This research report seeks to assess the impact of globalization on the labour market and the welfare state in the Nordic countries, with a special emphasis on Denmark. Our key interest is the impact on employment and employment structures: How many jobs are lost because they are moved out of the country? To what extent are these jobs replaced by new jobs? How are the new job positions as compared to the old ones? Needless to say, the answers to these questions have important implications for the labour market, for industrial relations, and for the welfare state in general." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity and well-being in the temporary workforce: testing volition and contract expectations as boundary conditions (2013)
Zitatform
Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, Thomas Rigotti, Michael Clinton & Jeroen de Jong (2013): Job insecurity and well-being in the temporary workforce. Testing volition and contract expectations as boundary conditions. In: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 203-217. DOI:10.1080/1359432X.2011.647409
Abstract
"This study investigates whether temporary contract volition and workers' expectations for contract renewal are boundary conditions to explain differences in temporary workers' job insecurity feelings and well-being. It is hypothesized that (1) low volition through higher job insecurity indirectly associates with lower well-being and that (2) temporary workers' expectations of contract renewal weakens the links between both low volition and high job insecurity and high job insecurity and impaired well-being. Results based on an international data set of 1755 temporary workers employed in the education, manufacturing, and service sectors supported the first hypothesis and partly also the second. More specifically, low preferences for temporary contracts associated via higher job insecurity with lower job satisfaction, impaired health, and higher irritation. Contract expectations placed a boundary condition upon this indirect relation; however, the negative association between high job insecurity and impaired well-being was not weakened but strengthened. In conclusion, particularly temporary workers with low contract volition and high job insecurity feelings, who have high expectations for contract renewal are at risk for impaired well-being. Hence, this study sheds light onto the question how volition for temporary work and expected contract renewal relate to job insecurity and associate with individual well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities: a comparative analysis across European labour markets (2013)
Zitatform
Cutuli, Giorgio & Raffaele Guetto (2013): Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities. A comparative analysis across European labour markets. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 616-629. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcs011
Abstract
"Our work aims to bring together two research fields: the debate concerning different labour market flexibilization strategies and the determinants of training chances. The purpose of our work is therefore to assess the trade-off between temporary employment and training opportunities in a comparative analysis of three groups of countries characterized by different levels of labour market segmentation and training coverage. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the 2008 economic downturn in shaping training opportunities for contingent workers. Our research questions are investigated using three pooled rounds of the European Social Survey (2004, 2006, and 2008). While regression analyses partially confirm the negative effects of fixed-term contracts (FTCs) on training opportunities, a counterfactual analysis shows a retrenchment in training provisions among temporary workers only in strongly segmented labour markets, where FTCs constitute a more homogeneous marginal group, highly stratified in terms of age, gender, unemployment experience, and social class." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are temporary work agencies stepping stones into regular employment? (2013)
Hveem, Joakim;Zitatform
Hveem, Joakim (2013): Are temporary work agencies stepping stones into regular employment? In: IZA journal of migration, Jg. 2, S. 1-27. DOI:10.1186/2193-9039-2-21
Abstract
"This paper estimates the causal effect of temporary work agency (TWA) employment on the subsequent probability of employment in the regular labor market. The main purpose is to estimate the stepping-stone effect separately for natives and immigrants, where the latter group potentially benefits the most from TWA employment. Since no quasi-experiment is available, individual Differences-in-Differences and matching is used to deal with the potential selection bias. The results point at a negative regular employment effect, which slowly fades away over a couple of years. Thus no evidence of a stepping-stone effect is found. When conditioning on immigrants, this negative effect is absent. A long-run significant effect is found on overall employment probability (including TWA employment), there is even a long-run positive effect on annual earnings (mainly driven by women). Unemployment probabilities decreased, however the results in the estimation were less stable over time compared to the employment estimates, suggesting that the TWAs might keep individuals from exiting the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity: evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries (2013)
Zitatform
Lisi, Domenico (2013): The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity. Evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 119-144., 2013-01-01. DOI:10.1007/s12651-013-0127-0
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren ermöglichten neue, auf Branchenebene verfügbare Daten eine genauere Evaluation des Einflusses der Arbeitsmarktpolitik als frühere ländervergleichende Analysen. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein branchenspezifisches Panel genutzt, um den Einfluss des Kündigungsschutzes auf befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse in den EU-Ländern zu ermitteln. Die Vorteile dieser Datengrundlage sind vielfältig. Die Methode nutzt sowohl die internationale Variation beim Kündigungsschutz für befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse als auch die Variation von Branche zu Branche. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Literatur wenden wir die Idee der unterschiedlichen Bindungskraft des Kündigungsschutzes nur für unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an, während wir für befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse eine andere Strategie anwenden, die eine genauere Identifikation des Effekts unbefristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf die Arbeitsproduktivität ermöglicht. Die theoretische Literatur erlaubt noch keine klare Vorhersage zum Vorzeichen dieses Effekts, da unterschiedliche überzeugende Gründe für Effekte in beide Richtungen bestehen. Daher haben die Ergebnisse der Analyse möglicherweise wichtige politische Implikationen. Unsere Haupterkenntnis ist, dass befristete Verträge einen negativen, wenn auch sehr geringen Effekt auf die Arbeitsproduktivität haben. Desweiteren bestätigt die Analyse, dass Kündigungsschutz bei regulären Arbeitsverträgen das Wachstum der Arbeitsproduktivität in den Branchen drosselt, die auf eine stärkere Beschäftigungsallokation angewiesen sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The European world of temporary employment (2012)
Zitatform
Lancker, Wim Van (2012): The European world of temporary employment. In: European Societies, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 83-111. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.638082
Abstract
"Departing from growing concerns about in-work poverty and the proliferation of flexible employment, we investigate the association between temporary employment and poverty in a European comparative perspective. In doing so, we focus specifically on possible gender dimensions, because some are concerned that the impact of flexible employment on income security will be different for men and women and that gender inequality will increase. By means of a logistic multilevel model, we analyse recent EU-SILC data for 24 European countries. The results show that the temporarily employed have a higher poverty risk vis-à-vis permanent workers, mainly caused by lower wages. However, the risk factors to become working poor are similar. The poorly educated, young workers and those living in a single earner household with dependent children have an increased probability to live in poverty, whether they are employed on temporary or permanent basis. Differences between European welfare regimes demonstrate that policy constellations influence the magnitude of these risk factors. Counter-intuitively, temporary working women have a lower poverty risk than their male counterparts. They are better protected because they are more often secondary earners in a dual earning household, while men are more often primary earners. This article advances knowledge on the linkages between temporary employment, economic insecurity and gender differences in European welfare states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job attitudes, behaviours and well-being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel (2011)
Zitatform
Gracia, Francisco J., Jose Ramos, José María Peiró, Amparo Caballer & Beatriz Sora (2011): Job attitudes, behaviours and well-being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 150, H. 3/4, S. 235-254. DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2011.00115.x
Abstract
"Applying an innovative typology based on preference for temporary employment and perceived employability, the authors empirically examine four types of temporary workers (and a group of permanent workers for comparison). In a sample of 1,300 employees from six countries, they find significant differences between the four types on a broad set of variables - including demographic and job characteristics, attitude and insecurity - but not in life satisfaction and well-being. They conclude with an argument against the equation of temporary employment with low-skilled workers unable to find a permanent job, stressing the valuable implications of more sensitive research for policy-making on flexicurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working hours and gender equality: examples from care work in the Swedish public sector (2011)
Jonsson, Inger;Zitatform
Jonsson, Inger (2011): Working hours and gender equality: examples from care work in the Swedish public sector. In: Gender, Work and Organization, Jg. 18, H. 5, S. 508-527. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2011.00563.x
Abstract
"This study addresses questions related to the double-edged character of part-time work by looking at the Swedish situation, with its large share of female part-time work as well as a high share of involuntary part-time employment among women. The discussion relates to the changing conditions in and ongoing modernization of the public sector - an important employer for women - with a focus on care work organized by the municipalities. The issue that is addressed is the part-time regime that characterizes these jobs and the likely consequences of a policy change on contracted working hours. This change has been brought about by concerns on the need to meet the growing demand for personnel in care work but also by a generally expressed dissatisfaction among the women who are employed part-time involuntarily. The attempt by several municipalities to introduce more full-time positions is a result of a government programme (2002 - 2005) aiming to reduce the problem with part-time unemployment. Based on the reports from that programme, this article explores the consequences of the ongoing remodelling of the working time regime, especially concerning gender equality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The unequal incidence of non-standard employment across occupational groups: an empirical analysis of post-industrial labour markets in Germany and Europe (2011)
Zitatform
Marx, Paul (2011): The unequal incidence of non-standard employment across occupational groups. An empirical analysis of post-industrial labour markets in Germany and Europe. (IZA discussion paper 5521), Bonn, 23 S.
Abstract
"The paper addresses an often neglected question in labour market research: to which extent do outcomes aggregated on the national level disguise occupational diversity in employment conditions? In particular, how and why do occupational groups differ with regard to the incidence of non-standard employment? To explore these questions, the paper derives a detailed occupational scheme from the literature, capturing the variety of labour market outcomes within countries. In a second step, the scheme is theoretically linked to the topic of non-standard work. It is argued that different degrees of skill specificity across occupational groups produce diverging incentives for flexible and long-term employment, respectively. This leads to the expectation of (some) service-sector occupations showing stronger tendencies towards non-standard employment than those in the industrial sector. Based on European and German micro data, the categorisation is used to decompose various labour market indicators. The results clearly demonstrate the unequal incidence of non-standard employment along the lines of the suggested categorisation. Moreover, the longitudinal perspective suggests that traditionally functioning occupational groups will be crowded out by more destandardised ones." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Transitions from part-time unemployment: Is part-time work a dead end or a stepping stone to the labour market? (2011)
Zitatform
Månsson, Jonas & Jan Ottosson (2011): Transitions from part-time unemployment: Is part-time work a dead end or a stepping stone to the labour market? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 569-589. DOI:10.1177/0143831X10387836
Abstract
"This article analyses the effects of individual characteristics on the probability of leaving part-time unemployment. The results show that it cannot be unreservedly asserted that part-time work offers access to the core labour market. Among the part-time unemployed, there are great variations in the degree to which they are likely to leave part-time unemployment. A concentration of labour market policy activities on the part-time unemployed who are least likely to succeed in finding full-time employment can, therefore, be expected to have positive consequences from both equity and efficiency points of view. In this respect, part-time unemployed women, persons with work-related disabilities and persons with temporary employment come to the forefront. The article shows that the likelihood of finding a full-time job is certainly not great for persons belonging to these groups. For many of them, part-time job is not a stepping stone but rather a dead end on the labour market." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Irish butchers rather than Irish meat: trade union responses to agency work in Sweden (2010)
Zitatform
Bergström, Ola & Alexander Styhre (2010): Irish butchers rather than Irish meat: trade union responses to agency work in Sweden. In: Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 52, H. 4, S. 477-490. DOI:10.1177/0022185610375510
Abstract
"Trade unions are often considered as being against the use of agency workers in the workplaces that they represent. As opposed to standard permanent employment, temporary agency work is often regarded as a more precarious form of work that serves the purposes of employers seeking to reduce labour costs, enhance flexibility and avoid employment regulation. However, trade unions may also see benefits of using agency workers as experience of them increases. When examining how agency workers are established in an organization, the mechanisms available to resolve inconsistencies between the perceived benefits and disadvantages needs to be recognized. Rather than conceiving of trade unions as being opposed or in favour of the use of agency workers, the analysis of trade union responses needs to be grounded in a different perspective. This article is an attempt to formulate such a perspective on trade union responses to agency work as being based on understanding the process of establishment rather than polarized responses. The argument is supported by an empirical study of a food manufacturing company in Sweden that increasingly turned to agency workers as a source of labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment contracts, psychological contracts, and employee well-being: an international study (2010)
Zitatform
Guest, David E., Kerstin Isaksson & Hans De Witte (Hrsg.) (2010): Employment contracts, psychological contracts, and employee well-being. An international study. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 327 S.
Abstract
"Temporary employment has become a focus of policy debate, theory, and research. The book addresses as its core concern the relationship between temporary employment contracts and employee well-being. It does so within the analytic framework of the psychological contract, and advances theory and knowledge about the psychological contract by exploring it from a variety of perspectives. It also sets the psychological contract within the context of a range of other potential influences on work-related well-being including workload, job insecurity, employability, and organizational support. A key aim of the book is to identify the relative importance of these various potential influences on well-being.
The book covers seven countries; Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK, as well as Israel as a comparator outside Europe. Data were collected from over 5,000 workers in over 200 organizations; and from both permanent and temporary workers as well as from employers.
The book's conclusions are interesting and controversial. The central finding is that contrary to expectations, temporary workers report higher well-being than permanent workers. As expected, a range of factors help to explain variations in work-related well-being and the research highlights the important role of the psychological contract. However, even after taking into account alternative explanations, the significant influence of type of employment contract remains, with temporary workers reporting higher well-being. In addition to this core finding, by exploring several aspects of the psychological contract, and taking into account both employer and employee perspectives, the book sheds new light on the nature and role of the psychological contract. It also raises some challenging policy questions and while acknowledging the potentially precarious nature of temporary jobs, highlights the need to consider the increasingly demanding nature of permanent jobs and their effects on the well-being of employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Stepping-stones, dead-ends, or both? An analysis of Swedish replacement contracts (2010)
Zitatform
Hartman, Laura, Linus Liljeberg & Oskar Nordström Skans (2010): Stepping-stones, dead-ends, or both? An analysis of Swedish replacement contracts. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 645-668. DOI:10.1007/s00181-009-0283-9
Abstract
"The paper studies whether temporary jobs in the form of fixed-term replacement contracts reduce the risk of future unemployment among job-seekers. Using matching on detailed information on labour market history and personal characteristics we find positive average effects of having a replacement contract. Our second focus is on whether the duration of the contract matters. We use data on replacement contracts with information on the ex ante duration of the contract which is determined by the individual on leave and find no significant effect on the subsequent unemployment risk of the replacement worker. However, the longer the replacement contract the higher is the probability of having an open ended contract at the same site 2 - 2.5 years after the start of the contract. Overall, the results suggest that replacement contracts may reduce the risk of future unemployment, but that longer contracts only improve the position within the workplace and not necessarily on the labour market in general." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Managed flexibility: Labour regulation, corporate strategies and market dynamics in the Swedish temporary staffing industry (2009)
Zitatform
Coe, Neil M., Jennifer Johns & Kevin Ward (2009): Managed flexibility: Labour regulation, corporate strategies and market dynamics in the Swedish temporary staffing industry. In: European Urban and Regional Studies, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 65-85. DOI:10.1177/0969776408098933
Abstract
"This article provides an account of the temporary staffing industry outside its two largest markets, the UK and the US. It argues that there is greater national variation in industry characteristics than has generally been acknowledged, using the example of Sweden to illustrate the importance of understanding staffing industries in relation to the regulatory context in which they are embedded. Drawing on secondary materials and interviews with senior officials in transnational and domestic temporary staffing agencies, labour unions, industry trade bodies and government departments, the article asserts that the temporary staffing industry should be understood as an active agent of labour market restructuring. It provides a detailed analysis of the Swedish industry's distinct periods of expansion, charting its legalization and subsequent growth in the context of a highly regulated labour market. In conclusion, the article makes two key points. First, the Swedish temporary staffing market is the product of a particular social democratic welfare state regime and the roles played by the different social partners which lead to the production of a managed flexibility. Second, the particularities of the Swedish system, and the need for transnational staffing agencies to adapt their activities, underline how firms both shape, and are shaped by, the economic and social characteristics and dynamics that exist in the territories in which they invest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Motives for accepting temporary employment: a typology (2009)
Zitatform
Jong, Jeroen de, Nele de Cuyper, Hans de Witte, Inmaculada Silla & Claudia Bernhard-Oettel (2009): Motives for accepting temporary employment. A typology. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 30, H. 3, S. 237-252. DOI:10.1108/01437720910956745
Abstract
"This paper aims to offer a typology of temporary workers, based on their motives for accepting their work arrangement, which includes voluntary, involuntary and stepping-stone motives, and relate this typology to various individual and work-related variables. Latent class analysis of 645 European workers was used to construct a typology of temporary workers. Variation of individual and work-related variables between types of temporary workers was analyzed using ANOVA. The analyses suggest that there are three types of workers: involuntary temporary workers highlight the involuntary motive and the stepping-stone motive; the stepping-stone type stresses the stepping-stone motive only, and the non-involuntary group disagrees with all three motives. Moreover, the groups differed significantly on important work-related variables such as occupational position, tenure, employability, and work-involvement. However, differences in individual variables were limited. The research puts forward a more complex typology of temporary workers than is usually suggested. Moreover, the study shows a non-involuntary group for which temporary employment can become a trap, and hence these workers should be targeted by future policy and interventions. The research offers a typology of temporary workers, which is founded on motivation theory, and existing research on motives for accepting temporary employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary work in coordinated market economies: evidence from front-line service workplaces (2009)
Zitatform
Shire, Karen A., Annika Schönauer, Mireia Valverde & Hannelore Mottweiler (2009): Temporary work in coordinated market economies. Evidence from front-line service workplaces. In: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Jg. 62, H. 4, S. 602-617.
Abstract
"The growing use of temporary contracts in Europe raises the question of whether long-term employment relations are eroding in coordinated market economies, where protective regulations are historically strong. This paper, using data from establishment-level surveys conducted in 2003 - 2005, examines the institutional and organizational factors that have shaped the extent of use of temporary contracts in call centers in six European countries: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Spain, and Sweden. While differences in regulatory regimes appear to have influenced employer behavior in some cases, the exceptions are striking, as the countries with the most stringent restrictions on temporary workers were among the heaviest users of such workers. By contrast, firm-level strategies that retained work in-house and invested in work force skills and training were consistent predictors of the use of long-term contracts as opposed to temporary ones." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zeitarbeit in europäischen Ländern - Lehren für Deutschland? (2009)
Zitatform
Vanselow, Achim & Claudia Weinkopf (2009): Zeitarbeit in europäischen Ländern - Lehren für Deutschland? (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Arbeitspapier 182), Düsseldorf, 68 S.
Abstract
"Die Porträts der Zeitarbeit in Frankreich, Niederlande, Großbritannien, Dänemark. Schweden, Schweiz und Österreich zeigen, dass große Unterschiede in der Regulierung. Sie liefern auch eine Reihe von Anregungen für die deutsche Debatte über eine Re-Regulierung der Leiharbeit. Besonders interessant erscheinen drei Elemente der Regulierung in Frankreich: die auch faktisch wirksame Durchsetzung des Equal Pay-Grundsatzes (ohne die Möglichkeit einer Abweichung durch Tarifvertrag), der Lohnzuschlag in Form einer 'Prekaritätsprämie' und der branchenbezogene Weiterbildungsfonds, aus dem Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen für Zeitarbeitskräfte finanziert werden können. In den Niederlanden haben Zeitarbeitskräfte bei längeren betrieblichen Einsätzen (mehr als sechs Monate) Anspruch auf Equal Pay, was Dauereinsätze für Kundenbetriebe teurer macht und damit die Anreize zur Übernahme in feste Beschäftigung erhöht. In Österreich gibt es tarifliche Mindestlöhne für die Leiharbeit und Zuschläge bei Einsätzen in Hochlohnbranchen. In der Schweiz soll der 2008 abgeschlossene Branchen-Tarifvertrag für allgemeinverbindlich erklärt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender and the contours of precarious employment (2009)
Zitatform
Vosko, Leah F., Martha MacDonald & Iain Campbell (Hrsg.) (2009): Gender and the contours of precarious employment. (Routledge IAFFE Advances in feminist economics), Abingdon: Routledge, 280 S.
Abstract
"Precarious employment presents a monumental challenge to the social, economic, and political stability of labour markets in industrialized societies and there is widespread consensus that its growth is contributing to a series of common social inequalities, especially along the lines of gender and citizenship. The editors argue that these inequalities are evident at the national level across industrialized countries, as well as at the regional level within federal societies, such as Canada, Germany, the United States, and Australia and in the European Union. This book brings together contributions addressing this issue which include case studies exploring the size, nature, and dynamics of precarious employment in different industrialized countries and chapters examining conceptual and methodological challenges in the study of precarious employment in comparative perspective. The collection aims to yield new ways of understanding, conceptualizing, measuring, and responding, via public policy and other means - such as new forms of union organization and community organizing at multiple scales - to the forces driving labour market insecurity." (text exerp, IAB-Doku)
Content:
Leah F. Vosko, Martha Macdonald, Iain Campbell: Introduction: Gender and the concept of precarious employment (1-25);
Leah F. Vosko, Lisa F. Clark: Canada: Gendered precariousness and social reproduction (26-42);
Francoise Carre; James Heintz: The United States: Different sources of precariousness in a mosaic of employment arrangements (43-59);
Iain Campbell, Gillian Whithouse, Janeen Baxter: Australia: Casual employment, part-time employment and the resilience of the male-breadwinner model (60-75);
Heidi Gottfried: Japan: The reproductive bargain and the making of precarious employment (76-91);
Julia S. O'Connor: Ireland: Precarious employment in the context of the European Employment Strategy (92-107);
Jacqueline O'reilly, John Macinnes, Tizana Nazio, Jose M. Roche: The United Kingdom: From flexible employment to vulnerable workers (108-126);
Susanne D. Burri: The Netherlands: Precarious employment in a context of flexicurity (127-142);
Jeanne Fagnani, Marie-Therese Letablier: France: Precariousness, gender and the challenges for labour market policy (143-158);
John Macinnes: Spain: Continuity and change in precarious employment (159-176);
Claudia Weinkopf: Germany: Precarious employment and the rise of mini-jobs (177-193);
Inger Jonsson Anita Nyberg: Sweden: Precarious work and precarious unemployment (194-210);
Martha Macdonald. Spatial dimensions of gendered precariousness: Challenges for comparative analysis (211-225);
Sylvia Fuller: investigating longitudinal dimensions of precarious employment: Conceptual and practical issues (226-239);
Wallace Clement, Sophie Mathieu, Steven Prus Emre Uckardesler: Precarious lives in the new economy: Comparative intersectional analysis (240-255);
Pat Armstrong, Hugh Armstrong: Precarious employment in the health-care sector (256-270) -
Literaturhinweis
Working for less? Women's part-time wage penalities across countries (2008)
Bardasi, Elena; Gornick, Janet C.;Zitatform
Bardasi, Elena & Janet C. Gornick (2008): Working for less? Women's part-time wage penalities across countries. In: Feminist economics, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 37-72. DOI:10.1080/13545700701716649
Abstract
"This paper investigates wage gaps between part- and full-time women workers in six OECD countries in die mid-1990s. Using comparable micro-data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), for Canada, Germany, Italy, Sweden, the UK, and the US, die paper first assesses cross-national variation in the direction, magnitude, and composition of the part-time/full-time wage differential. Then it analyzes variations across these countries in occupational segregation between part- and full-time workers. The paper finds a part-time wage penalty among women workers in all countries, except Sweden. Other than in Sweden, occupational differences between part- and full-time workers dominate the portion of the wage gap that is explained by observed differences between die two groups of workers. Across countries, the degree of occupational segregation between female part- and full-time workers is negatively correlated with die Position of part-time workers' wages in the full-time wage distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Patterns of contract motives and work involvement in temporary work: relationships to work-related and general well-being (2008)
Zitatform
Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, Kerstin Isaksson & Katalin Bellaagh (2008): Patterns of contract motives and work involvement in temporary work. Relationships to work-related and general well-being. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 49, H. 4, S. 565-591. DOI:10.1177/0143831X08096231
Abstract
"Temporary work is characterized by heterogeneity, and contract motives and work involvement are believed to differentiate temporary workers, which may explain their divergence in terms of subjective well-being. Applying a person-oriented approach using questionnaire data from a sample of Swedish temporary workers (N = 184), this study identified six patterns, characterized by distinct combinations of voluntary and involuntary contract motives and work involvement. While controlling for demographics, comparative analyses found differences between these patterns in terms of work-related and general well-being. These findings indicate that knowledge about temporary work and its various consequences is enhanced by considering whole patterns instead of single variables in a person-oriented approach." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen: internationale Benchmarking-Studie (2008)
Eichhorst, Werner; Tobsch, Verena;Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner & Verena Tobsch (2008): Familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen. Internationale Benchmarking-Studie. (IZA research report 17), Bonn, 47 S.
Abstract
Das Gutachten untersucht die Entwicklung familienunterstützender Dienstleistungen in der Europäischen Union, vor allem in Schweden, Dänemark, Belgien und Frankreich, und zieht Schlussfolgerungen für die Gestaltung der Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Entwicklung eines Marktes für Dienstleistungen außerhalb bzw. in Ergänzung der öffentlich bereitgestellten Infrastruktur für Kinderbetreuung oder Kranken- und Altenpflege. Unter familienunterstützenden Dienstleistungen sind dabei all diejenigen Tätigkeiten zu verstehen, die von Nicht-Haushaltsmitgliedern gegen Entgelt in privaten Haushalten erbracht werden und die prinzipiell auch von den Nutzern selbst unentgeltlich erbracht werden könnten bzw. traditionell in Eigenarbeit erbracht werden. Die Studie zeigt, dass im Vergleich zu den anderen Ländern in Deutschland - neben der Schattenwirtschaft - das Modell der Minijobs in Privathaushalten vorherrscht, also die direkte Beschäftigung beim Nutzer. Im Ländervergleich besteht in Deutschland nach wie vor Nachholbedarf bei der Entwicklung des Marktes für familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen. Fortschritte lassen sich nach Meinung der Autoren nur über kostenseitige Entlastungen sowie ein einfach zu nutzendes Gutschein- oder Scheckmodell erzielen. Organisatorisch kann dies mit privaten Firmen oder Dienstleistungsagenturen verbunden werden. Familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen bieten sich hier auch als Baustein einer Aktivierungsstrategie für Transferbezieher an. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Altersteilzeit: Erfahrungen und Diskussionen in Deutschland und anderen EU-Ländern (2007)
Lindecke, Christiane; Lehndorff, Steffen; Voss-Dahm, Dorothea;Zitatform
Lindecke, Christiane, Dorothea Voss-Dahm & Steffen Lehndorff (2007): Altersteilzeit. Erfahrungen und Diskussionen in Deutschland und anderen EU-Ländern. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Arbeitspapier 142), Düsseldorf, 78 S.
Abstract
"Zum 31.12.2009 läuft die Förderung der Altersteilzeit durch die Bundesagentur für Arbeit aus. Das Altersteilzeitgesetz besteht darüber hinaus jedoch fort. Daher melden sich unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Gruppen mit Vorschlägen zu Wort, wie die Altersteilzeit sich zukünftig gestalten sollte. Die Positionen lassen sich mit den beiden Polen 'Beibehalten des Blockmodells und der Vorruhestandsregelung' versus 'Neuorientierung der Altersteilzeit hin zu einem lebenslaufbezogenen Modell mit der Perspektive einer verlängerten Lebensarbeitszeit' beschreiben. An diese Debatte knüpft dieser Literaturbericht an. Wir geben einen Überblick über die historische Entwicklung der Altersteilzeit sowie über Inhalt und Ziele des Altersteilzeitgesetzes. Die Ausführungen über Umfang und Formen der Nutzung der Altersteilzeit machen deutlich, dass die 'echte Teilzeit' im Unterschied zum Blockmodell nur in einem verschwindend geringen Teil der Betriebe umgesetzt wird. Für die meisten Unternehmen und auch den überwiegenden Teil der Beschäftigten hat die Altersteilzeit daher vorher bestehende Vorruhestandsregelungen abgelöst mit der Folge, dass Beschäftigte vor Erreichen der regulären Rentenaltersgrenze vorzeitig in den Ruhestand gehen. Auffallend ist allerdings, dass in kleineren Betrieben, insbesondere im Handwerk, die Grundidee der Altersteilzeit - ältere Beschäftigte vermitteln Wissen und Erfahrung an junge Beschäftigte, während sie ihre Arbeitsbelastung durch eine reduzierte Arbeitszeit senken - umgesetzt wurde. Die Erfahrungen mit graduellen Ausstiegspfaden und besonders der Altersteilzeit in Schweden, Finnland, Dänemark und den Niederlanden geben einen Einblick in die Such- und Experimentierprozesse in anderen europäischen Ländern, die Beschäftigungsquote Älterer zu erhöhen. Der politische Wille ist auch dort, die konkreten institutionellen Regelungen so auszugestalten, dass sich Beschäftigte für einen längeren Verbleib im Erwerbssystem entscheiden. Am Beispiel Schweden wird allerdings deutlich, dass Regulierungen für den graduellen Ausstieg auch in die entgegengesetzte Richtung wirken können: Insbesondere wenn die Altersteilzeit über Subventionen attraktiv gemacht wird, kann von ihr der Impuls zur Reduzierung des Arbeitsangebots Älterer ausgehen, wenn nämlich Beschäftigte ohne die Altersteilzeit ihre Arbeitszeit auch mit zunehmendem Alter unverändert beibehalten hätten. Neben Ausführungen über die Situation in Finnland und Dänemark stellen wir auch die niederländische 'Lebenslaufregelung' vor, in der der Ausstieg aus dem Erwerbsleben in ein lebensphasenspezifisches Arbeitzeitkonto eingebettet ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary agency work in the European Union (2007)
Pedersen, Henrik Stener; Mahler, Susan; Hansen, Claus Bo;Zitatform
Pedersen, Henrik Stener, Claus Bo Hansen & Susan Mahler (2007): Temporary agency work in the European Union. Dublin, 18 S.
Abstract
"Overall dissatisfaction with their working conditions and job situation among temporary agency workers would seem to indicate the existence of poor working conditions among this group. However, specific health and quality of work indicators paint a more ambiguous picture. They reveal that the main reasons behind this dissatisfaction are the insecurity inherent in this form of employment and the fact that temporary agency work may often be taken up involuntarily.
The purpose of this report is to study the relationship between TAW and the working conditions and health impacts for the workers. It also aims to promote European learning in relation to TAW through presenting national experiences and good practices. The report has been prepared for the European Working Conditions Observatory (EWCO). The information mainly derives from official national surveys as well as from qualitative studies provided by a network of seven European correspondents. These studies were based on a questionnaire prepared by the report coordinator. The seven countries initially engaged in EWCO are: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. Results from pan-European sources and, in particular, the European working conditions survey 2000 are included when relevant as a framework for discussion of the national findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Neue Selbstständige im europäischen Vergleich: Struktur, Dynamik und soziale Sicherheit (2007)
Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2007): Neue Selbstständige im europäischen Vergleich. Struktur, Dynamik und soziale Sicherheit. (Edition der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung 201), Düsseldorf, 170 S.
Abstract
"In den 1970er Jahren setzte europaweit eine Zunahme an selbstständiger Erwerbsarbeit ein, die so genannte 'Renaissance der Selbstständigkeit'. In dem Band wird dieser Trend nach verschiedenen wirtschaftlichen, strukturellen und sozialen Kriterien im Ländervergleich (Deutschland, Niederlande, Italien, Schweden und Vereinigtes Königreich) beleuchtet. Ein Ergebnis des Ländervergleichs ist, dass der Boom der Selbstständigkeit eine große Anzahl von Personen einbezogen hat, die nicht das Profil des traditionellen Selbstständigen (Kleingewerbetreibende, Professionen, Mittelstandsbetriebe und verkammerte Berufe) haben. Die 'neuen Selbstständigen' gründen häufig im Dienstleistungsbereich Klein-, Kleinst- oder Solo-Unternehmen, oftmals ohne oder nur mit geringen Vermögenswerten. Insbesondere die Solo-Selbstständigkeit zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Mobilität und häufige Statuswechsel aus. Diese Entwicklungen sind mit neuen Anforderungen an die soziale Sicherung für die zuständigen Akteure und Institutionen verbunden. Der Band zeigt am Beispiel zentraler Versicherungszweige, ob und in welcher Form die nationalen staatlichen Sicherungssysteme auf diese Herausforderungen eingestellt sind. Beschrieben wird weiterhin, in welcher Form die Gewerkschaften sich der Entwicklung stellen und die Organisierung und Interessenvertretung dieser Selbstständigen weiter vorantreiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market flexibility and sectoral productivity: a comparative study (2006)
Anderson, Jeremy; Jefferys, Steve; Tasiran, Ali; Grahl, John;Zitatform
Anderson, Jeremy, John Grahl, Steve Jefferys & Ali Tasiran (2006): Labour market flexibility and sectoral productivity. A comparative study. (Employment relations research series 66), London, 41 S.
Abstract
"This report looks at the relationship between employment flexibility and labour market productivity across sectors, comparing Britain with France, Germany and Sweden using data from the Groningen sixty-industry database and the European Labour Force Survey. Initial comparisons indicate strong productivity performance in the recently privatised Inland Transport and Electricity, Gas and Water supply sectors in Britain, and in the IT sectors in all four countries. Further findings suggest that productivity levels in France are positively correlated with temporary work; while productivity growth in Sweden is positively correlated with part-time and temporary work. Only in Sweden is there a positive association between women workers and productivity which suggests that in the other countries female workers still tend to be crowded into the lower productivity sectors. As regards British policy, there is evidence that selfemployment may be the most successful form of flexibility in terms of productivity; temporary and part-time contracts are not associated with better performance. As a whole, highproductivity sectors still tend to employ prime age males on permanent contracts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do the unemployed become successful entrepreneurs?: a comparison between the unemployed, inactive and wage-earners (2006)
Zitatform
Andersson, Pernilla & Eskil Wadensjö (2006): Do the unemployed become successful entrepreneurs? A comparison between the unemployed, inactive and wage-earners. (IZA discussion paper 2402), Bonn, 29 S.
Abstract
"In many countries unemployed people are helped to become self-employed. Selfemployment, however, does not necessarily lead to success. Many leave self-employment after a short period and the economic outcome varies greatly. It is important to learn more about the economic outcome for unemployed who become self-employed. In the first part of the paper we analyse who became self-employed in the period from 1999 to 2002 of Swedish-born men aged 20 to 60 years who were either wage-earners, unemployed or inactive in 1998. We find that the unemployed, and even more the inactive, are overrepresented among those who become self-employed. In the second part of the paper we study the economic outcome of self-employment in 2002 for Swedish-born men who were either unemployed, inactive or wage-earners in 1998. Economic outcome in 2002 is measured using income from self-employment and having employees in the firm. The estimations show that those who were wage earners in 1998 have higher incomes and are also employing other people in their business to a much higher extent in 2002 than those who in 1998 were unemployed or inactive. This indicates that support to unemployed to become self-employed should be implemented with great care." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen neuer Beschäftigungsformen: kommentierte Zusammenstellung der einschlägigen Literatur (2006)
Friedrichs, Michael; Schröder, Antje Kathrin;Zitatform
Friedrichs, Michael & Antje Kathrin Schröder (2006): Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen neuer Beschäftigungsformen. Kommentierte Zusammenstellung der einschlägigen Literatur. (IGA-Report 10), Essen u.a., 63 S.
Abstract
Die Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über Studien, in denen alternativen Beschäftigungsformen vor allem unter arbeitsmedizinischen Gesichtspunkten behandelt werden. So birgt z.B. die Telearbeit nicht nur Potenziale für ein ausgeglicheneres Verhältnis zwischen Privat- und Berufsleben, sondern gerade durch die Vermengung beider Lebensbereiche auch Gefahren, die etwa aus verkürzten Erholungsphasen resultieren können. Auch befristete Tätigkeiten schaffen zunächst Arbeit, führen aber durch die ständige Angst, die Arbeit wieder verlieren zu können, auch zu psychischen Problemen. Bei Teilzeitarbeit steht der größeren Freizeit ein geringeres Einkommen entgegen. Bei allen diesen alternativen Beschäftigungsformen existieren also Aspekte, die sowohl Licht als auch Schatten auf die gesundheitlichen Perspektiven der Arbeitnehmer werfen können. Es werden daher diejenigen Studien und Arbeiten betrachtet, die versuchen, dieses Szenario auszuleuchten. Daneben wird auch eine Übersicht über die quantitative Bedeutung der verschiedenen Formen alternativer Beschäftigung erstellt. Der Stand der Forschung zum Themenkomplex der so genannten neuen Beschäftigungsformen ist als 'ausgesprochen dünn' zu bezeichnen. Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit der Betroffenen werden nur mit nachrangiger Priorität hinterfragt. Auffällig sind vor allem die Ergebnisse zur Auswirkung auf die allgemeine Sterblichkeit von Teilzeitkräften und befristet Beschäftigten, die mit zwei groß angelegten Studien in Schweden und Finnland als gesichert gelten können. Eine zweite Tendenz scheint in der besseren subjektiven Wahrnehmung des Gesundheitszustandes von prekär Beschäftigten zu bestehen, die sich in einer ganzen Reihe von Studien findet. Vor dem Hintergrund der erhöhten Mortalität wird die Prüfung der Existenz einer solchen Wahrnehmungsverschiebung als Auftrag an die Wissenschaft formuliert. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time pensions and part-time work in Sweden (2006)
Zitatform
Wadensjö, Eskil (2006): Part-time pensions and part-time work in Sweden. (IZA discussion paper 2273), Bonn, 36 S.
Abstract
"Sweden had a special partial pension scheme between 1976 and 2001. It was one of three part-time pension schemes in the social security system. The other two were a partial early old-age pension, and a partial disability pension. The special partial pension scheme became very popular with a high take-up rate and was criticized for being too expensive. As a part of the decision on the old age pension scheme in 1994, the partial pension scheme was made less generous, and the scheme was totally abolished from year 2001. The other two options for combining work and receiving a pension continue. In this paper the effect on the total number of hours worked of the subsidized part-time pension system is analysed. The analysis indicates that the effect that people continue to work part-time instead of taking an early exit route is larger than the effect that people who would have continued to work full-time until ordinary retirement age instead work part-time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Comparing three alternative types of employment with permanent full-time work: how do employment contract and perceived job conditions relate to health complaints? (2005)
Zitatform
Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, Magnus Sverke & Hans De Wittec (2005): Comparing three alternative types of employment with permanent full-time work. How do employment contract and perceived job conditions relate to health complaints? In: Work and Stress, Jg. 19, H. 4, S. 301-318. DOI:10.1080/02678370500408723
Abstract
"Previous research has found that alternative employment arrangements are associated with both impaired and improved well-being. Since such inconsistencies are likely to derive from the type of employment contract as well as the characteristics of the job, this paper compares permanent full-time work with forms of alternative employment (permanent part-time, fixed-term and on-call work) in order to investigate how different employment contracts and perceptions of job conditions relate to individual well-being. This study contributes to the literature by addressing several questions. Different forms of alternative employment are distinguished and individual background characteristics that might be intertwined with the employment contract are controlled for. Moreover, the scope of this study extends to the effects of perceived job conditions, and possible interactive effects with type of employment are tested. Analyses of questionnaire data from 954 Swedish healthcare workers show that perceptions of the job (job insecurity, job control and demands), but not the type of employment contract, predicted health complaints. However, type of employment interacted with perceptions of job insecurity, in that insecurity was associated with impaired well-being among permanent full-time workers, while no relationship was found for on-call or core part-time employees. Despite the absence of interactions between employment contract and job demands or job control, it can be concluded that knowledge about the relationship between alternative employment arrangements and the well-being of workers can be enhanced when the combined effects of employment contract and job conditions are studied." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stepping-stones or dead-ends? An analysis of Swedish replacement contracts (2005)
Zitatform
Larsson, Laura, Linus Lindqvist & Oskar Nordström Skans (2005): Stepping-stones or dead-ends? An analysis of Swedish replacement contracts. (Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation. Working paper 2005,18), Uppsala, 41 S.
Abstract
"The paper studies if temporary jobs in the form of fixed-term replacement contracts reduce the risk of future unemployment among job-seekers. Using exact matching on labour market history and personal characteristics we find positive effects of the replacement contract on future labour market status. We also find that the longer the replacement contract the higher the probability of having an open ended contract at the same site 2-2.5 years after the start of the contract. No effect of the length is found on unemployment, employment or wages. Overall, the results suggest that receiving a fixed term contract reduces the risk of future unemployment, and that a longer contract increases the position within the workplace but not on the market in general." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment and health: a review (2005)
Virtanen, Marianna ; Kivimäki, Mika ; Joensuu, Matti ; Elovainio, Marko ; Virtanen, Pekka ; Vahtera, Jussi ;Zitatform
Virtanen, Marianna, Mika Kivimäki, Matti Joensuu, Pekka Virtanen, Marko Elovainio & Jussi Vahtera (2005): Temporary employment and health. A review. In: International Journal of Epidemiology, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 610-622. DOI:10.1093/ije/dyi024
Abstract
"We aimed to review evidence on the relationship between temporary employment and health, and to see whether the association is dependent on outcome measure, instability of employment, and contextual factors. We systematically searched for studies of temporary employment and various health outcomes and critically appraised 27 studies. The review suggests higher psychological morbidity among temporary workers compared with permanent employees. According to some studies, temporary workers also have a higher risk of occupational injuries but their sickness absence is lower. Morbidity may be higher in temporary jobs with high employment instability and in countries with a lower number of temporary workers and unemployed workers. The evidence indicates an association between temporary employment and psychological morbidity. The health risk may depend on instability of temporary employment and the context. Confounding by occupation may have biased some of the studies. Additional research to clarify the role of employment instability, hazard accumulation, and selection is recommended." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment agencies: a route for immigrants to enter the labour market? (2004)
Zitatform
Andersson, Pernilla & Eskil Wadensjö (2004): Temporary employment agencies: a route for immigrants to enter the labour market? (IZA discussion paper 1090), Bonn, 44 S.
Abstract
Untersucht wurden Beschäftigte bei schwedischen Zeitarbeitsunternehmen im Alter von 16 bis 64 im Jahre 1999 bzw. ihr Beschäftigungsstatus in den Jahren 1998 und 2000. Junge Menschen, Frauen, Stadtbewohner sowie Einwanderer sind überrepräsentiert. Bei der Gruppe der Einwanderer stammt die Mehrzahl aus Afrika, Asien und Südamerika. Einwanderer sind geringfügig älter als Einheimische, sie sind öfter verheiratet, Frauen sind weniger überrepräsentiert. Einwanderer sind überrepräsentiert unter den Beschäftigten sowohl mit niedrigem Bildungsniveau als auch mit Hochschulbildung. Die Mobilität zwischen beruflichem Status (Beschäftigung in einem Zeitarbeitsunternehmen, andere Form der Beschäftigung, Studium) unterscheidet sich bei Einwanderern und Einheimischen in mehrerer Hinsicht. Ein Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist, dass Einwanderer öfter das Zeitarbeitsunternehmen zugunsten einer anderen Beschäftigungsform verlassen. Dies kann als ein Indiz dafür interpretiert werden, dass für Einwanderer Zeitarbeit als Sprungbrett in den Arbeitsmarkt genutzt wird. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Other forms of employment: Temporary employment agencies and self-employment (2004)
Zitatform
Andersson, Pernilla & Eskil Wadensjö (2004): Other forms of employment: Temporary employment agencies and self-employment. (IZA discussion paper 1166), Bonn, 34 S.
Abstract
"In most industrialized countries the majority of employed people are full-time employees with a non-temporary job and work at a workplace of the company in which they are employed. They are making careers at the employer they are employed by and most work-place changes are to other jobs of the same type. But it does not include large groups in the labour market. Many of those who have tenured positions work part-time, not full-time, and many both full-time and part-time workers have fixed-period contracts, contracts which only guarantee employment for a specified period of time. Some demographic groups are overrepresented among those with those types of jobs, young people, women, immigrants, ethnic minorities, and older workers, who to a large extent for different reasons do not have a very strong position in the labour market. In this paper two groups outside the core of full-time employees are analyzed: those employed in temporary employment agencies, and the selfemployed. The size and composition of both groups have changed during the last decade. The number employed by temporary employment agencies has increased in Western Europe as a consequence of deregulation of this sector in the 1990s, and the composition of the selfemployed has changed from mainly being farmers to being business-owners in various sectors. We will use Sweden as an example, but the Swedish experience is not unique. Other countries have similar and in many cases more of those types of employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary contracts and the dynamics of job turnover (2004)
Zitatform
Arai, Mahmood & Fredrik Heyman (2004): Temporary contracts and the dynamics of job turnover. In: Economics Bulletin, Jg. 10, H. 4, S. 1-6.
Abstract
"We report results indicating that job turnover is not countercyclical in general but rather reflects the inability of smooth labor adjustment through the use of temporary employment contracts. Service establishments with a high share of temporary employment exhibit acyclical job reallocation, while only permanent jobs within manufacturing are found to be countercyclical." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Early indication of program performance: The case of a Swedish temporary employment program (2004)
Zitatform
Larsson, Laura & Oskar Nordström Skans (2004): Early indication of program performance: The case of a Swedish temporary employment program. (Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation. Working paper 2004,07), Uppsala, 21 S.
Abstract
"This paper proposes an application of standard evaluation techniques to obtain an early indication of the efficiency of a social program. An explicit distinction is made between participation and treatment since non-participants in many cases can find treatment outside of the program. By estimating the amount of treatment participants would have received if there had been no program it is possible to derive the net treatment provided by the program as soon as the first participants have entered the program. Using propensity score matching to study substitutes in the recently implemented Swedish 'Career Break' pilot program we obtain three main results: First, the selection into the program favours participants that would have received treatment even without the program. Second, the net treatment provided by the program is on average only about half of the expected program length. Third, a simulation shows how the net treatment could be increased by a simple change in the eligibility criteria." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Neue Selbstständigkeit und wachsender Grenzbereich zwischen selbstständiger und abhängiger Erwerbsarbeit: europäische Trends vor dem Hintergrund sozialpolitischer und arbeitsrechtlicher Entwicklungen (2004)
Schulze Buschoff, Karin;Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2004): Neue Selbstständigkeit und wachsender Grenzbereich zwischen selbstständiger und abhängiger Erwerbsarbeit. Europäische Trends vor dem Hintergrund sozialpolitischer und arbeitsrechtlicher Entwicklungen. (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. Discussion papers SP 1 2004-108), Berlin, 52 S.
Abstract
"Das duale System der Erwerbstätigkeit mit der klaren Unterscheidung zwischen abhängiger und selbstständiger Erwerbstätigkeit ist historisch gewachsen. In Bezug auf das Arbeitsrecht zeigen sich deutliche Übereinstimmungen in den betrachteten Ländern Deutschland, Großbritannien, Niederlande, Italien und Schweden: Arbeitsrechtliche Bestimmungen beziehen sich bislang in der Regel ausschließlich auf die abhängig Beschäftigten, während das Zivil- und Handelsrecht für die Selbstständigen eher Markt- als soziale Schutzrechte regelt. Während diese grundlegende Übereinstimmung im Arbeitsrecht augenfällig ist, gibt es, je nach wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Tradition, deutliche Unterschiede in der sozialversicherungsrechtlichen Behandlung von Selbstständigen und abhängig Beschäftigten in den einzelnen Ländern. Aufgezeigt wird, dass sowohl im Arbeitsrecht als auch im Sozialversicherungsrecht die Grenzen zwischen Selbstständigkeit und abhängiger Beschäftigung tendenziell fließender werden. In der Praxis nehmen in diesem Grenzbereich Beschäftigungsformen wie die wirtschaftlich abhängige Selbstständigkeit bzw. die Scheinselbstständigkeit auch infolge geänderter Unternehmensstrategien in Form von Outsourcing und Franchising zu. Ebenso gewinnen Formen 'neuer Selbstständigkeit' an Bedeutung. Während der Zugang zur Selbstständigkeit sich in den ersten Dekaden nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg noch deutlicher durch Voraussetzungen wie Human- und Finanzkapital begrenzt wurde, wird das Bild der Selbstständigkeit in den letzten Jahrzehnten insgesamt bunter. In einigen Ländern steigt der Zugang von Alleinselbstständigen, Frauen und Personen mit geringer Kapitalausstattung, die direkt aus der Arbeitslosigkeit kommen. Spezielle Arbeitsmarktprogramme tragen in manchen Ländern dazu bei, dass sich die Erwerbsform Selbstständigkeit diesen neuen Gruppen öffnet. Trotz dieser europaweiten Trends gibt es deutliche Unterschiede in der Art und dem Umfang der Selbstständigkeit. Insbesondere bei der Entwicklung der Sozialversicherung für Selbstständige ist in den einzelnen Ländern eine starke Pfadabhängigkeit bedingt durch wohlfahrtsstaatliche Traditionen zu beobachten. Im Ländervergleich wird vor allem der deutsche konservative Wohlfahrtsstaat, der Selbstständige traditionellerweise nicht in die Systeme der sozialen Sicherung integriert, der neuen Vielfalt und der zunehmenden Schutzbedürftigkeit Selbstständiger nicht gerecht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Contingent employment in Europe and the United States (2003)
Bergström, Ola ; Paauwe, Jaap; Perez Perez, Manuel; Bergström, Ola ; Peuntner, Thomas; Ellis, Rebecca; Pot, Ferrie; Koene, Bas ; Purcell, John; Storrie, Donald; Storrie, Donald; Glasgow, Doug; Tailby, Stephanie; Cam, Surhan; McGlashan, Kay;Zitatform
Bergström, Ola & Donald Storrie (Hrsg.) (2003): Contingent employment in Europe and the United States. Cheltenham u.a.: Elgar, 256 S.
Abstract
"The book examines the developments in labour markets in advanced economies in the 21st century, as regards contingent employment. This is defined as employment relationships that can be terminated with minimal costs within a predetermined period of time. This includes fixed-term contracts, temporary agency work and self-employment. Contingent employment has been the subject of much legislative activity in the last decade, at both the national and European level. Temporary agency work, in particular, has recently been extensively deregulated in most European countries and currently we await the fate of a proposed EU directive on agency work. Using evidence from Germany, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, the UK and the US, the authors assess the increasing use of contingent employment against the legislative and institutional background in these countries. The European countries represent a wide range of regulatory regimes within the European Union, and comparison with the United States, where contingent employment is least regulated, is a useful feature of the book. Some emphasis is placed on the role of temporary work agencies. This is not only due to recent spate of legislation but also because agency work is the type of contingent employment that grew most rapidly in the last decade, it is a relatively novel form of employment, and has several interesting theoretical features." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Symposium on temporary work (2002)
Booth, Alison L. ; Dolado, Juan J. ; Storrie, Donald; Frank, Jeff ; Francesconi, Marco ; Holmlund, Bertil; García-Serrano, Carlos ; Landier, Augustin ; Jimeno, Juan F. ; Blanchard, Olivier ;Zitatform
Booth, Alison L., Juan J. Dolado, Jeff Frank, Marco Francesconi, Olivier Blanchard, Augustin Landier, Bertil Holmlund, Donald Storrie, Carlos García-Serrano & Juan F. Jimeno (2002): Symposium on temporary work. In: The economic journal, Jg. 112, H. 480, S. 181-295.
Abstract
"This symposium gathers together comparative evidence on the nature and evolution of temporary work in countries with different regulatory frameworks and different labour market conditions. Some of the evidence is microeconomic, providing information on the extent to which temporary jobs are 'good' or 'bad' in terms of worker compensation and career possibilities. Other evidence is macroeconomic, and sheds light both on forces that may explain the rise in temporary work and on the consequences of an increased prevalence of temporaty jobs. The four papers in the symposium examine temporary work in four EU countries: Britain, France, Spain and Sweden. The reason for looking across countries is that the differing institutions in each country - notably the degree of employment protection - allow as to examine different features of temporary work. Overall, the papers in this symposium suggest that the expansion of temporary jobs as a way of increasing labour market flexibility may be undesirable. In the absence of strong employment protection for permanent jobs, as in Britain, temporary jobs are - from worker's perspective - bad jobs, with possible long-term career implications, in particular for men. Even where there is strong EPL for permanent jobs - as in France - the expansion of temporary jobs may be undesirable, leading to high turnover among younger workers. The Swedish study, investigating the causes of the rapid growth in temporary work over the 1990s, suggests that adverse macroeconomic shocks can trigger substantial increases in temporary work. Finally, the Spanish study shows that, once temporary jobs are entrenched in a dual labour market, later reforms to restrict their growth can be unsuccessful, indicating that attempts to reduce firing costs for permanent contracts have so far been insufficient." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Teilzeitplus - ein Instrument zur Förderung von Betrieben und Beschäftigten im europäischen Vergleich: neue Handlungsspielräume für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen und ihre Beschäftigten durch präventive Arbeitsmarktpolitik (2001)
Degen, Christel;Zitatform
Degen, Christel (2001): Teilzeitplus - ein Instrument zur Förderung von Betrieben und Beschäftigten im europäischen Vergleich. Neue Handlungsspielräume für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen und ihre Beschäftigten durch präventive Arbeitsmarktpolitik. (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. Papers 01-506), Berlin, 37 S.
Abstract
"Die anhaltend hohe Arbeitslosigkeit hat zu neuen Ansätzen in der Arbeitsmarkt- und Strukturpolitik geführt. 'Teilzeitplus' ist ein Instrument zur Förderung von Unternehmen, Beschäftigten und Kommunen, welches auf Klein- und Mittelbetriebe in Krisensituationen zielt. Dabei wurde eine komplexe Mehrfachstrategie entwickelt: Zum einen erfolgt eine Unternehmensberatung, die Wege aus der Krise aufzeigt. Gleichzeitig werden potentiell von Entlassung bedrohte bzw. bereits unmittelbar vor Entlassung stehende Mitarbeiter/innen durch plusArbeit in andere Tätigkeitsfelder vermittelt. Dies erfolgt nach professioneller Beratung und in Absprache mit den Betroffenen. Durch die bei Einführung von Teilzeitplus erforderliche Kommunikation zwischen Unternehmensleitung und Beschäftigten wird ein Reorganisationsprozess angestoßen, der die Flexibilität und Leistungsfähigkeit der Betriebe deutlich erhöht. Mittels der Vermittlung in plusArbeit werden die Unternehmen für eine gewisse Phase der Umorientierung entlastet. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen des im Rahmen von ADAPT entwickelten Modellprojekts 'combishare' in Berlin zeigen, dass ein großer Teil der Arbeitsplätze infolge dieser Strategien erhalten werden konnte. Die hier vorliegende Analyse ist der Versuch einer Einordnung des Instruments 'Teilzeitplus' in den europäischen Kontext. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Ansätze in europäischen Ländern untersucht, in denen - beispielsweise im Bereich der Weiterbildung oder der Arbeitszeit - bereits Erfahrungen mit ähnlichen präventiven arbeitsmarktpolitischen Instrumenten vorliegen. Es zeigt sich, das die komplexe Strategie von 'Teilzeitplus' in dieser Form neu ist. Durch die Kombination verschiedener Ansätze wie Unternehmensberatung, reale Entlastung des Unternehmens von Lohnkosten in Krisensituationen (Pufferfunktion) sowie plusArbeit ist Teilzeitplus nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen besonders geeignet für Regionen und Branchen, die sich in Umstrukturierungsprozessen befinden und in denen die Unternehmen nicht in der Lage sind, Beschäftigung auszubauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious footing: Temporary employment as a stepping stone out of unemployment in Sweden (2001)
Zitatform
Korpi, Tomas & Henrik Levin (2001): Precarious footing: Temporary employment as a stepping stone out of unemployment in Sweden. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 15, H. 1, S. 127-148.
Abstract
In dem Beitrag wird anhand schwedischer Längsschnittdaten untersucht, ob befristete Beschäftigung ein Schritt aus der Arbeitslosigkeit sein kann. Es wird festgestellt, dass es für den Verbleib in Arbeit nicht ausschlaggebend ist, ob der Arbeitsvertrag befristet oder unbefristet ist. (IAB)
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- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht