Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
How Important is Selection into Full-time and Part-time Employment? A New Panel Data Sample Selection Model for Estimating Wage Profiles (2025)
Zitatform
Been, Jim, Marike Knoef & Heike Vethaak (2025): How Important is Selection into Full-time and Part-time Employment? A New Panel Data Sample Selection Model for Estimating Wage Profiles. In: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1080/07350015.2025.2520851
Abstract
"The literature has shown that correcting for self-selection into work is important for the estimation of wage profiles. In this paper, we analyze to what extent intensive labor supply choices add valuable otherwise unobserved information to improve wage profile estimates. We develop a panel data sample selection model that allows for discrete choices in labor supply decisions and apply this to high-quality administrative data. Compared to labor supply decisions at the extensive margin, our new approach is able to control for additional unobserved heterogeneity from intensive labor supply choices with important consequences for the existence and direction of selection into (part-time) work. Applied to the data, we find that such information is especially important for estimating part-time wage profiles for women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Why does temporary work increase disability insurance inflow? (2025)
Zitatform
Koning, Pierre, Paul Muller & Roger Prudon (2025): Why does temporary work increase disability insurance inflow? In: Labour Economics, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102719
Abstract
"We show that workers with fixed-term contracts are substantially more likely to apply for and be awarded disability insurance (DI) benefits than permanent workers. We study whether this differential can be explained by (i) selection of worker types into contracts, (ii) the relation between contract type and the risk of illness, (iii) differences in employer support during illness, and (iv) differences in labour market prospects of ill workers. We find that selection actually masks part of the differential, whereas the impact of contract type on health is limited. In contrast, the difference in employer support during illness is a significant cause of the heightened DI risk of temporary workers, especially in slack labour markets. We therefore conclude that, conditional on being ill, workers with fixed-term contracts face different support structures and incentives that make them more likely to ultimately apply for and be awarded DI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Shared Jobs, Shared Trajectories? Employer Groups and the Regulation of Part-time Work in Germany and the Netherlands (2025)
Zitatform
Nijhuis, Dennie Oude & Maximilian Kiecker (2025): Shared Jobs, Shared Trajectories? Employer Groups and the Regulation of Part-time Work in Germany and the Netherlands. In: German politics, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 586-608. DOI:10.1080/09644008.2024.2413487
Abstract
"To explain cross-national variation in the regulation of atypical forms of employment, including measures aimed at protecting the employment conditions of nonstandard workers, existing studies have typically emphasised the importance of labour's relative power resources and insider-outsider dynamics. This article shows that differences in employer stances can also be of key importance in explaining this type of variation. Moreover, it shows that employer support for regulatory efforts to improve quality of atypical employment neither have to result from a perceived need to seek strategic accommodation nor from a positive assessment of the costs and benefits of regulation. It does so by comparing the very different responses of Dutch and German employer groups to regulatory attempts to improve the quality of part-time employment. It illustrates their importance and attributes them to strategic choices that were a logical outcome of the different institutional environments in which Dutch and German employer groups operated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Starting flexible, always flexible? The relation of early temporary employment and young workers employment trajectories in the Netherlands (2024)
Zitatform
Eberlein, Laura, Dimitris Pavlopoulos & Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal (2024): Starting flexible, always flexible? The relation of early temporary employment and young workers employment trajectories in the Netherlands. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 89. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100861
Abstract
"Using register data from Statistics Netherlands (2009–2019), this paper examines whether the first employment contract is related to early career outcomes for a cohort of young workers who entered the Dutch labor market in the period from late 2009–2013. Instead of looking at the timing of isolated transitions between employment states, 6-year-long trajectories are considered to identify differences in early career paths. Applying a Mixture Hidden Markov Model, eight distinct states of employment quality characterized by different contract types and incomes are identified. Transitions between these employment states reveal four early career patterns that differ according to their upward and downward mobility. Our results show that entering the labor market with a permanent contract does not necessarily lead to immediate wage growth, but provides a safeguard against volatile careers with frequent transitions in and out of employment. While entering the labor market with a fixed-term contract facilitates upward mobility, on-call and temporary agency work early in the career may negatively affect long-term labor market integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of transitioning into temporary employment on wages is not negative: A comparative study in eight countries (2024)
Zitatform
Latner, Jonathan P. (2024): The effect of transitioning into temporary employment on wages is not negative: A comparative study in eight countries. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 92, 2024-07-22. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100957
Abstract
"There remains a lack of clarity about the effect of temporary employment on wages. Using asymmetric fixed effects models with a dummy impact function, we study the wage effects of four distinct transitions: (1) from unemployment into a temporary relative to (2) a permanent contracts; and (3) from temporary into permanent contracts relative to (4) from permanent into temporary contracts. We use panel data from eight countries to examine the effect of these distinct transitions, over time after the transition occurs, and in a cross-national, comparative context. The main finding explains the wage penalty of temporary employment identified by previous research. The negative effect is more accurately understood as the difference between two types of transitions, neither of which are negative, even if transitions from temporary into permanent contracts more positive than transitions from permanent into temporary contracts. There is little difference in the wage effect of transitions from unemployment into temporary relative to permanent contracts. The findings may be counter intuitive, but they are consistent with the theory of equalizing differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts and firm productivity: Do workers’ skills and firm conversion rates from fixed-term to permanent contracts matter? (2024)
Zitatform
Nguyen, Ngoc Hân, Wendy Smits & Mark Vancauteren (2024): Fixed-term contracts and firm productivity: Do workers’ skills and firm conversion rates from fixed-term to permanent contracts matter? In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 45, H. 10, S. 144-161. DOI:10.1108/ijm-03-2024-0194
Abstract
"Purpose: We aim to elucidate the relationship between fixed-term employment and firm productivity by examining workers’ skills and considering how firm-level conversion rates influence this relationship. Design/methodology/Approach: We use longitudinal employer-employee data between 2011 and 2017 in the Netherlands to estimate a nonlinear regression derived from a production function proposed by Addessi (2014) and Castellani et al . (2020). Findings: The contribution of fixed-term contracts to firm-level productivity is less than that of permanent contracts. However, this contribution is greater when firms exhibit a high conversion rate from fixed-term to permanent positions. The effect of the conversion rate is more substantial for high-skilled fixed-term workers than for low-skilled ones. Originality/value: Our results suggest the extent to which firms benefit from fixed-term contracts when these are used for screening high-skilled workers for permanent employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How does institutional context shape work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers? A contextualised application of the capability approach to Belgium, France and the Netherlands (2023)
Zitatform
Focacci, Chiara Natalie & François Pichault (2023): How does institutional context shape work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers? A contextualised application of the capability approach to Belgium, France and the Netherlands. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 13/14, S. 36-61. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-12-2022-0312
Abstract
"Purpose: According to Sen's theoretical framework of capability (1985), individuals reach their full potential once they have the freedom, intended as the set of functionings at their disposal, to do so. However, many critiques have been developed against the lack of embeddedness of the capability approach in social and political relations and structures. In this article, the authors investigate the influence of three institutional contexts (Belgium, the Netherlands and France) on the respective work-related functionings of self-employed and regular workers, with a focus on human capital investment and institutional support offered to them. Design/methodology/approach Data from the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) are used to highlight similarities and differences in building work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers. A regression analysis is provided at the country level. Findings In the three labor markets, the authors find that the building of work-related functionings is more successful for regular employees, especially as regards institutional support. Self-employed workers, on the other hand, need to rely on their individual capability as regards employment protection and human capital investment. However, the authors find interesting differences between the three institutional contexts. In both Belgium and France, self-employed workers are subject to higher instability in terms of changes in salary and hours worked, whereas atypical work is better positioned in the Dutch labour market. The Netherlands is also characterized by a less significant gap between regular and self-employed workers with respect to participation in training. Originality/value In this article, the authors contextualise Sen's (1985) theoretical framework by taking into account the institutional differences of labor markets. In particular, the authors provide a novel application of his capability approach to regular and self-employed workers in an economically relevant European area." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Einfluss bürokratischer Hürden auf die grenzüberschreitende Arbeitnehmerentsendung von KMU in Grenzregionen (2023)
Zitatform
Holz, Michael & Annette Icks (2023): Einfluss bürokratischer Hürden auf die grenzüberschreitende Arbeitnehmerentsendung von KMU in Grenzregionen. (IfM-Materialien / Institut für Mittelstandsforschung Bonn 299), Bonn, 91 S.
Abstract
"Auf der Grundlage von Fachgesprächen mit Unternehmerinnen und Unternehmern sowie Expertinnen und Experten untersucht die Studie, inwieweit bürokratische Erfordernisse die grenzüberschreitende Erbringung von Dienstleistungen von deutschen und niederländischen KMU in ausgewählten Grenzregionen be- bzw. verhindern. Großen Verbesserungsbedarf sehen die Befragten insbesondere im Hinblick auf die fehlende Harmonisierung der Entsendevorschriften und -verfahren in den einzelnen EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Auch Erleichterungen bei kurzen bzw. kurzfristigen Entsendungen werden sehr häufig als notwendig erachtet. Ein nicht unerheblicher Teil der KMU in beiden Ländern befolgt einzelne Vorschriften nicht, um den hohen Bürokratieaufwand auf ein – aus ihrer Sicht – verhältnismäßiges Niveau zu begrenzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work, worker voice and supervisor responses (2022)
Zitatform
Sluiter, Roderick, Katerina Manevska & Agnes Akkerman (2022): Atypical work, worker voice and supervisor responses. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 20, H. 3, S. 1069-1089. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaa022
Abstract
"We study atypical workers’ experiences with voice of in the Netherlands. We take a relational approach to worker voice and hypothesize that atypical workers are particularly vulnerable to refrain from voice and to experience suppression. We test our hypotheses using unique data on workers’ actual experiences with voicing discontent and supervisors’ responses (N = 4708; collected in 2017 and 2018). We find that temporary and freelance work, job insecurity, replaceability and precarious values are barriers to worker voice. Job insecurity and precarious values are associated with less support and more suppression from supervisors. These insights offer a valuable contribution to scholarly and public debates on atypical work by demonstrating how it not only affects workers’ job security, income stability and entitlements but also reduces workers’ ability to speak up and solve problems at work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employers' Willingness to Invest in the Training of Temporary Workers: A Discrete Choice Experiment (2021)
Zitatform
Poulissen, Davey, Andries de Grip, Didier Fouarge & Annemarie Künn-Nelen (2021): Employers' Willingness to Invest in the Training of Temporary Workers: A Discrete Choice Experiment. (IZA discussion paper 14395), Bonn, 36 S.
Abstract
"Various studies have shown that temporary workers participate less in training than those on permanent contracts. Human resources practices are considered to be an important explanation for this difference. We develop a theoretical framework for employers' provision of training that explicitly incorporates the costs and benefits associated with training investments in employees with different types of employment contracts. Our framework not only predicts employers to be less willing to invest in temporary workers due to the shorter time horizon associated with such an investment, but it also provides insights into how this willingness depends on characteristics of the training that are related to the expected costs and benefits of the training investment. A discrete choice experiment is used to empirically test the predictions from our theoretical framework. In line with our theoretical framework, we find that employers are less likely to invest in the training of temporary workers. This particularly holds when temporary workers do not have the prospect of a permanent contract with their current employer. Furthermore, we show that employers' likelihood of investing in temporary workers indeed depends on aspects related to the costs and benefits of training, that is, a financial contribution to the training costs made by employees, a repayment agreement that applies when workers leave the organisation prematurely, and the transferability of the skills being trained. Our findings can be used to increase employers' willingness to invest in temporary workers. However, similar effects are observed when looking at employers' willingness to invest in permanent workers, suggesting that it will be difficult to decrease the gap in employers' willingness to invest between temporary and permanent workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-Standard Work and Innovation: Evidence from European industries (2021)
Zitatform
Reljic, Jelena, Armanda Cetrulo, Valeria Cirillo & Andrea Coveri (2021): Non-Standard Work and Innovation: Evidence from European industries. (LEM working paper series / Laboratory of Economics and Management 2021,6), Pisa, 36 S.
Abstract
"Following a market-oriented approach, policies aimed at increasing labour flexibility by weakening employment protection institutions should enable firms to efficiently allocate resources, improve their capability to compete on international markets and adjust to economic cycle. This work documents the rise of non-standard (i.e. temporary and part-time) work in five European countries (Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) over the period 1994-2016 and investigate the nexus between the use of non-standard work and innovation performance using data for 18 manufacturing and 23 service industries. Contrary to the objectives that market-oriented policy recommendations promised to achieve, we show that there is a significantly negative association between the share of workers employed under non- standard contractual arrangements and the introduction of both product and process innovation. Furthermore, we show that the harmful consequences of the spread of non-standard work on firms' product innovation propensity are more pronounced in high-tech sectors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary Employment and Family Formation: An Income or Insecurity Effect? (2021)
Zitatform
Wijk, Daniël C. van, Helga A. G. De Valk & Aart C. Liefbroer (2021): Temporary Employment and Family Formation: An Income or Insecurity Effect? In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 641-658. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcab007
Abstract
"Recent studies show that temporary workers postpone family formation transitions, but it remains unclear whether this effect is due to the lower income or the stronger perceptions of job insecurity that go with a temporary contract. To address this question, we link data from a large-scale survey among Dutch employees to longitudinal population register data on marriage and first births. Logistic regression models estimate the effects of temporary employment on marriage and first birth, and mediation analyses assess to what extent these effects are explained by income and perceptions of job insecurity. Results show that temporarily employed women delay first birth. There is also some evidence that temporarily employed men postpone marriage and first birth. These effects are partly explained by income, which increases marriage and first birth rates among men and women alike. Perceptions of job insecurity generally had little effect on family formation, although higher marriage rates were found among women who experienced affective job insecurity. Overall, this shows that it is their low income rather than their feelings of insecurity about future employment that explains why temporary employees postpone family formation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe (2021)
Zitatform
Xavier Jara, H. & Alberto Tumino (2021): Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe. In: Journal of Common Market Studies, Jg. 59, H. 3, S. 535-555. DOI:10.1111/jcms.13099
Abstract
"This paper evaluates the degree of income protection the tax-benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our approach relies on simulating transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce in EU member states to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers, who are also more exposed to the risk of poverty, both while in work and in unemployment. Low work intensity employees are characterized by high net replacement rates. However, this is due to the major role played by market incomes of other household members. Finally, we show that in countries where self-employed workers are not eligible for unemployment insurance benefits, extending the eligibility to this group of workers would increase their replacement rates and make them less likely to fall into poverty in the event of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupations and the Non-Standard Employment Career: How the Occupational Skill Level and Task Types Influence the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment (2020)
Zitatform
Mattijssen, Lucille, Dimitris Pavlopoulos & Wendy Smits (2020): Occupations and the Non-Standard Employment Career: How the Occupational Skill Level and Task Types Influence the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 495-513. DOI:10.1177/0950017020902984
Abstract
"This article examines to what extent the occupational skill level and task types determine whether non-standard employment (NSE) leads to a stepping-stone or a trap in the careers of workers. For this purpose, a typology of the individual careers of workers in the Netherlands who entered non-standard employment in 2007 is created using multichannel sequence analysis. This typology allows for classifying careers in terms of employment security and income security. An analysis of this typology shows that working in occupations with high-level tasks does not preclude trap careers with low levels of employment and income security. Routine tasks do not have an unequivocal effect on career outcomes, while manual tasks generally lead to trap careers. The combination of routine and manual tasks makes it most likely for NSE to function as a trap in workers? careers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers' (2020)
Zitatform
Millán, Ana, José María Millán & Leonel Caçador-Rodrigues (2020): Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers'. In: Small business economics, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 461-474. DOI:10.1007/s11187-019-00245-7
Abstract
"In this study, we examine whether job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers', i.e. the workers in this particular grey zone between employment and self-employment, are more similar to those of the self-employed or paid employed. To this end, we use microdata drawn from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey for 34 European countries. First, we develop and validate a psychometrically sound multidimensional scale for these 3 key constructs by conducting both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Then, multilevel (hierarchical) linear regressions are used to test the validity of our hypotheses. Our results suggest that these hybrid work relationships are endowed with the least favourable attributes of both groups: lower job control than self-employed workers, higher job demands than paid employees and, overall, worse job outcomes than both." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28 (2019)
Avlijaš, Sonja;Zitatform
Avlijaš, Sonja (2019): The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28. (LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 141), London, 76 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the prevalence of non-standard workers in EU-28, rules for accessing social security, and these workers' risk of not being able to access it. It focuses on temporary and part-time workers, and the self-employed, and offers a particularly detailed analysis of their access to unemployment benefits. It focuses on eligibility, adequacy (net income replacement rates) and identifies those workers which are at the greatest risk of either not receiving benefits or receiving low benefits. It offers a special overview of foreign non-standard workers, who may be particularly vulnerable due to the absence of citizenship in the host country. The paper also analyses access to maternity and sickness benefits for these three groups of workers, as well as their access to pensions. Its key contribution is in bringing together the different dimensions of disadvantage that non-standard workers face vis-à-vis access to social protection. This allows us to comprehensively assess the adaptation of national social security systems across EU-28 to the changing world of work over the past 10 years. The paper shows that there is a lot of variation between the Member States, both in the structure of their social security systems, as well as the prevalence of non-standard work. Most notably, the paper concludes that: i) access to unemployment benefits is the most challenging component of welfare state provision for people in non-standard employment; ii) policy reforms vis-à-vis access to social benefits have improved the status of non-standard workers in several countries, while they have worsened it in others, particularly in Bulgaria, Ireland and Latvia; iii) some Eastern European countries can offer lessons to other Member States due to their experiences with labour market challenges during transition and the subsequent adaptations of their social security systems to greater labour market flexibility. The paper also implies that a country's policy towards nonstandard work" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe (2019)
Dimova, Dilyana;Zitatform
Dimova, Dilyana (2019): The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe. (IMF working paper 2019,67), Washington, DC, 41 S.
Abstract
"The labor share in Europe has been on a downward trend. This paper finds that the decline is concentrated in manufacture and among low- to mid-skilled workers. The shifting nature of employment away from full-time jobs and a rollback of employment protection, unemployment benefits and unemployment benefits have been the main contributors. Technology and globalization hurt sectors where jobs are routinizable but helped others that require specialized skills. High-skilled professionals gained labor share driven by productivity aided by flexible work environments, while low- and mid-skilled workers lost labor share owing to globalization and the erosion of labor market safety nets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe: labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility (2019)
Zitatform
Passaretta, Giampiero & Maarten H. J. Wolbers (2019): Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe. Labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 382-408. DOI:10.1177/0143831X16652946
Abstract
"This article focuses on school-leavers who enter employment with a temporary contract in the European context, and examines their probabilities to shift to standard employment or unemployment, and their chances of occupational mobility afterwards. The authors argue that two institutional dimensions of insider - outsider segmentation drive the career progression after a flexible entry: the gap between the regulation of permanent and temporary contracts and the degree of unionization. The analyses show that a disproportionate protection of permanent compared to temporary contracts increases the probability of remaining on a fixed-term contract, whereas the degree of unionization slightly decreases the chance of moving to jobs with higher or lower socio-economic status. Finally, a shift to permanent employment after a fixed-term entry is more often associated with occupational upward mobility in strongly rather than weakly unionized labour markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Making employment more inclusive in the Netherlands (2018)
Zitatform
Baker, Mark & Lindy Gielens (2018): Making employment more inclusive in the Netherlands. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1527), Paris, 45 S. DOI:10.1787/da8bc5c4-en
Abstract
"The Dutch labour market has recovered and the unemployment rate has been converging towards pre-crisis levels. Non-standard forms of work have expanded with a strong trend towards self-employment and an increased reliance on temporary contracts. These developments may reflect a preference of some individuals for a more flexible working relationship, but they could also lower job security and job quality for others. Policies need to protect vulnerable groups in the more dynamic working environment without creating barriers to labour mobility and flexibility of the overall labour market. To improve the fairness of the tax system, policies should ensure a more level playing field between workers on different types of contracts. Regulatory policies should aim at raising labour market mobility to improve the matching of skills to jobs by easing the protection on permanent employment contracts and through a more targeted approach to activation policies for disadvantaged groups. Finally, measures should improve the skills of individuals in vulnerable groups to enhance their opportunities to find better jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labor market in the Netherlands, 2001-2016: overall, employment and wages were accompanied by a rise in part-time work and a decline in job security (2018)
Zitatform
Hartog, Joop & Wiemer Salverda (2018): The labor market in the Netherlands, 2001-2016. Overall, employment and wages were accompanied by a rise in part-time work and a decline in job security. (IZA world of labor 418), Bonn, 12 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.418
Abstract
"Zunehmender Wettbewerbsdruck und die Volatilität der Absatzmärkte haben auch in den Niederlanden dazu geführt, dass Arbeitgeber finanzielle Risiken verstärkt auf die Beschäftigten verlagern. Angesichts geschwächter Gewerkschaften und eines politischen Rückbaus von Sozialprogrammen konnten die Löhne niedrig gehalten und das Arbeitsangebot erweitert werden. Neue Vertragsvereinbarungen haben mehr Möglichkeiten für flexible und Teilzeitarbeit eröffnet, aber auch die Unsicherheit in Bezug auf Job und Karriere erhöht. Die Politik sollte vor allem dafür sorgen, dass Beschäftigte, die von ihren Arbeitgebern nicht mehr ausreichend geschult werden, allgemeine wie berufsspezifische Qualifizierungsangebote erhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational pension schemes for part-time workers: equality in the eye of the beholder? (2018)
Zitatform
Knoops, Sarah (2018): Occupational pension schemes for part-time workers. Equality in the eye of the beholder? In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 20, H. 4, S. 309-324. DOI:10.1177/1388262718819513
Abstract
"Although much attention is given to the newer forms of atypical work, a large percentage of employees still have a 'classical' part-time employment contract.1 Despite long-standing legal protection against discrimination, these part-time workers risk receiving less favourable treatment. This article discusses the principle of non-discrimination in the field of occupational pensions from the perspective of part-time employment. It aims to show the adverse impact that seemingly neutral measures can have on the occupational pensions of part-time workers. By way of illustration, two cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union: the Schönheit and Becker case (length of service) and the Kleinsteuber case (split pension formula) are examined in detail. It is further argued that, in Kleinsteuber, the CJEU appears to have broadened the possibilities of justifying differential treatment. This tendency could threaten the efficiency of the principle of equal pay and non-discrimination for part-time workers as regards occupational pensions. Finally, the impact of these judgments on Belgian and Dutch occupational pension schemes is examined." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The new normal of working lives: critical studies in contemporary work and employment (2018)
Zitatform
Taylor, Stephanie & Susan Luckman (Hrsg.) (2018): The new normal of working lives. Critical studies in contemporary work and employment. (Dynamics of virtual work), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 356 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-66038-7
Abstract
"This critical, international and interdisciplinary edited collection investigates the new normal of work and employment, presenting research on the experience of the workers themselves. The collection explores the formation of contemporary worker subjects, and the privilege or disadvantage in play around gender, class, age and national location within the global workforce.
Organised around the three areas of: creative working, digital working lives, and transitions and transformations, its fifteen chapters examine in detail the emerging norms of work and work activities in a range of occupations and locations. It also investigates the coping strategies adopted by workers to manage novel difficulties and life circumstances, and their understandings of the possibilities, trajectories, mobilities, identities and potential rewards of their work situations." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Inhalt: Stephanie Taylor, Susan Luckman Collection Introduction: The 'New Normal' of Working Lives (1-15);
Part I Creative Working ;
Susan Luckman, Jane Andrew: Online Selling and the Growth of Home-Based Craft Micro-enterprise: The 'New Normal' of Women's Self-(under)Employment (19-39);
Ana Alacovska: Hope Labour Revisited: Post-socialist Creative Workers and Their Methods of Hope (41-63);
Karen Cross: From Visual Discipline to Love-Work: The Feminising of Photographic Expertise in the Age of Social Media (65-85);
Frédérick Harry Pitts: Creative Labour, Before and After 'Going Freelance': Contextual Factors and Coalition-Building Practices (87-107);
Frédérik Lesage: Searching, Sorting, and Managing Glut: Media Software Inscription Strategies for 'Being Creative' (109-126);
Part II Digital Working Lives ;
Katariina Mäkinen: Negotiating the Intimate and the Professional in Mom Blogging (129-146);
Daniel Ashton, Karen Patel: Vlogging Careers: Everyday Expertise, Collaboration and Authenticity (147-169);
Johanna Koroma, Matti Vartiainen: From Presence to Multipresence: Mobile Knowledge Workers' Densified Hours (171-200);
Iva Josefssonn: Affectual Demands and the Creative Worker: Experiencing Selves and Emotions in the Creative Organisation (201-217);
Silvia Ivaldi, Ivana Pais, Giuseppe Scaratti: Coworking(s) in the Plural: Coworking Spaces and New Ways of Managing (219-241);
Part III Transitions and Transformations ;
Kori Allan: 'Investment in Me': Uncertain Futures and Debt in the Intern Economy (245-263);
Hanna-Mari Ikonen: Letting Them Get Close: Entrepreneurial Work and the New Normal (265-283);
Elin Vadelius: Self-Employment in Elderly Care: A Way to Self-Fulfilment or Self-Exploitation for Professionals? (285-308);
Ingrid Biese, Marta Choroszewicz: Creating Alternative Solutions for Work: Expertences of Women Managers and Lawyers in Poland and the USA (309-325);
Stephanie Taylor: Beyond Work? New Expectations and Aspirations (327-345). -
Literaturhinweis
Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation?: cross-country firm-level evidence (2017)
Zitatform
Dräger, Vanessa & Paul Marx (2017): Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation? Cross-country firm-level evidence. In: ILR review, Jg. 70, H. 4, S. 942-975. DOI:10.1177/0019793916687718
Abstract
"The growth of temporary employment is one of the most important transformations of labor markets in the past decades. Theoretically, firms' exposure to short-term workload fluctuations is a major determinant of employing temporary workers when employment protection for permanent workers is high. The authors investigate this relationship empirically with establishment-level data in a broad comparative framework. They create two novel data sets by merging 1) data on 18,500 European firms with 2) measures of labor-market institutions for 20 countries. Results show that fluctuations increase the probability of hiring temporary workers by 8 percentage points in countries with strict employment protection laws. No such effect is observed in countries with weaker employment protections. Results are robust to subgroups, subsamples, and alternative estimation strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social protection of marginal part-time, self-employment and secondary jobs in the Netherlands (2017)
Zitatform
Vonk, Gijsbert & Annette Jansen (2017): Social protection of marginal part-time, self-employment and secondary jobs in the Netherlands. (WSI study 09), Düsseldorf, 44 S.
Abstract
"In many European countries, marginal part-time, (solo-) self-employment and secondary jobs has been increasing since the last decades. The ques-tion about the provision of social protection and labour legislation for these types of employment is the starting point for a project entitled 'Hybrid work-ing arrangements in Europe', directed by the WSI. Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Poland, Italy, Denmark and Austria comprise the group of countries selected in order to investigate 'hybrid work' in the context of different welfare state regimes. The following paper by Gijsbert Vonk and Annette Jansen is one of the seven country studies that describe in detail labour law regulations and the national insurance systems for self-employed, secondary jobs and marginal part-time employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa (2016)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Julia Bredtmann (2016): Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 270-298. DOI:10.1515/zfwp-2016-0017
Abstract
"Befristete Verträge werden in vielen Ländern der Europäischen Union als Instrument, Arbeitsmärkte flexibel zu gestalten, eingesetzt. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass die befristete Beschäftigung nur bedingt die Durchlässigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte unterstützt. Zwar erleichtert sie teilweise den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt aber auch zu instabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten, die mit einer geringen Sprungbrettfunktion der befristeten Beschäftigung einhergehen. Um nachhaltige Beschäftigung zu schaffen, erscheinen Reformen des Kündigungsschutzes, die Übergange in reguläre Jobs erleichtern, sowie Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung als sinnvolle Alternativen" (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Reworking labour practices: on the agency of unorganized mobile migrant construction workers (2016)
Zitatform
Berntsen, Lisa (2016): Reworking labour practices. On the agency of unorganized mobile migrant construction workers. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 3, S. 472-488. DOI:10.1177/0950017015617687
Abstract
"In an attempt to probe the nuanced processes of non-unionization, this article analyses the agency of migrant construction workers and the ways they negotiate and navigate an increasingly flexible and pan-European labour market. Drawing upon qualitative interview data, the article argues that the precarious employment context limits opportunities for effective collective action (and unionization), and that workers employ a wide range of strategies to 'get by' and 'get ahead' instead. This analysis contributes to an understanding of the resilience of current employment relations by extending the discussion of agency with the category of reworking. Instead of challenging the way cross-border employment relations are organized, migrant construction workers employ various strategies that rework existing conditions to their advantage. On a broader scale, however, these practices contribute to the continuation of current employment relations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Bünning, Mareike & Matthias Pollmann-Schult (2016): Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe. In: European Societies, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 295-314. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2016.1153698
Abstract
"An increasing proportion of the European labor force works in the evening, at night or on weekends. Because nonstandard work schedules are associated with a number of negative outcomes for families and children, parents may seek to avoid such schedules. However, for parents with insufficient access to formal child care, working nonstandard hours or days may be an adaptive strategy used to manage child-care needs. It enables 'split-shift' parenting, where parents work alternate schedules, allowing one of the two to be at home looking after the children. This study examines the prevalence of nonstandard work schedules among parents and nonparents in 22 European countries. Specifically, we ask whether the provision of formal child care influences the extent to which parents of preschool-aged children work nonstandard schedules. Using data from the European Social Survey and multilevel models, we find evidence that the availability of formal child care reduces nonstandard work among parents. This indicates that access to formal child care enables parents to work standard schedules. To the extent that nonstandard work schedules are negatively associated with child wellbeing, access to formal child care protects children from the adverse effects of their parents' evening and night work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hanging in, but only just: part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen, Ive Marx & Brian Nolan (2016): Hanging in, but only just. Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0053-6
Abstract
"The crisis has deepened pre-existing concerns regarding low-wage and non-standard employment. Countries where unemployment increased most strongly during the crisis period also saw part-time employment increasing, particularly involuntary part-time work. With involuntary part-time workers, as a particular group of underemployed, facing especially high poverty rates, this was accompanied by an increase, on average, in the poverty risk associated with working part-time. However, this was not reflected in a marked increase in the overall in-work poverty rate because full-time work remains dominant and its poverty risk did not change markedly. The household context is of the essence when considering policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structure of the permanent job wage premium: evidence from Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2016): The structure of the permanent job wage premium. Evidence from Europe. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 149-178. DOI:10.1111/irel.12129
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for thirteen countries during 1995-2001, I investigate the wage premium for permanent jobs relative to temporary jobs. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. I find that among men the wage premium for a permanent vs. temporary job is lower for older workers and native born workers; for women, the permanent job wage premium is lower for older workers and those with longer job tenure. Moreover, there is some evidence that among immigrant men, the permanent job premium is especially high for those who migrated from outside the European Union. These findings all suggest that the gain to promotion into permanent jobs is indeed higher for those with less experience in the domestic labor market. In contrast to the effects for the young and immigrants, the permanent job pay premium is slightly smaller on average for women than for men, even though on average women have less experience in the labor market than men do. It is possible that women even in permanent jobs are in segregated labor markets. But as noted, among women, the permanent job wage premium is higher for the young and those with less current tenure, suggesting that even in the female labor market, employers pay attention to experience differences." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mothers' non-standard working and childcare-related challenges: a comparison between lone and coupled mothers (2016)
Zitatform
Moilanen, Sanna, Vanessa May, Eija Räikkönen, Eija Sevón & Marja-Leena Laakso (2016): Mothers' non-standard working and childcare-related challenges. A comparison between lone and coupled mothers. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 36, H. 1/2, S. 36-52. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-11-2014-0094
Abstract
"Purpose
- The purpose of this paper is to particularly focus on lone-mother families, comparing the childcare-related challenges experienced by working lone mothers and coupled mothers in three European countries in the context of a 24/7 economy and non-standard working hours (e.g. evening, night and weekend work).
Design/methodology/approach
- This study utilises survey data from Finnish, Dutch and British working mothers (n=1,106) collected as part of the 'Families 24/7' research project. Multivariate regression analysis is used to analyse the associations between childcare-related challenges, maternal non-standard working, lone motherhood and country of residence.
Findings
- The results indicated similar results across the three countries by showing that working lone mothers experience childcare-related challenges more often compared with coupled mothers. Furthermore, an increase in maternal non-standard working associated positively with increased childcare-related challenges in both lone mother and coupled families but lone motherhood did not moderate this association. The findings suggest that, regardless of family form, families in all three countries struggle with childcare arrangements when the mother works during non-standard hours. This possibly relates to the inadequate provision of state-subsidised and flexible formal childcare during non-standard hours and to the country-specific maternal work hours cultures.
Originality/value
- This study responds to the need for comparative research on the reconciliation of maternal non-standard working and childcare with self-collected data from three European welfare states. The importance of the study is further highlighted by the risks posed to the maintenance of maternal employment and family well-being when reconciliation of work and childcare is unsuccessful, especially in lone-mother families." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Dualization or liberalization?: Investigating precarious work in eight European countries (2016)
Zitatform
Prosser, Thomas (2016): Dualization or liberalization? Investigating precarious work in eight European countries. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 949-965. DOI:10.1177/0950017015609036
Abstract
"A recent upsurge in the incidence of precarious work in Europe necessitates fresh examination of the origins of this trend. On the basis of field research in eight European countries and with reference to theories of liberalization and dualization, the factors that drive precarious work in discrete European labour markets are thus investigated. It is discovered that, while a structural-demographic factor such as non-compliance with labour law is a notable progenitor of precarious work, the deregulatory strategies of public authorities are particularly significant drivers. In conclusion it is asserted that although the theory of dualization helps explain developments in conservative-corporatist countries, in Anglophone and Mediterranean countries liberalization theory is generally more apposite. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries emerge as a hybrid case." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypische Beschäftigung in Europa: Herausforderungen für die Alterssicherung und die gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung (2016)
Schulze Buschoff, Karin;Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2016): Atypische Beschäftigung in Europa. Herausforderungen für die Alterssicherung und die gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung. (WSI study 01), Düsseldorf, 57 S.
Abstract
"- Mehr als ein Drittel der europäischen Erwerbstätigen arbeiten inzwischen in 'atypischen' Beschäftigungsformen, Tendenz steigend. Insofern bereits 'normal' geworden sind beispielsweise in den Niederlanden die Teilzeitbeschäftigung, in Italien die Solo-Selbstständigkeit und in Polen die befristete Beschäftigung sowie Werkverträge.
- Die Einkommen von atypisch Beschäftigten liegen in der Regel unter dem Durchschnitt. Atypisch beschäftigt sind vor allem Frauen. Nur im Bereich der Solo-Selbstständigkeit sind die Männer in der Mehrzahl, Frauen holen jedoch auch hier auf.
- Atypische Beschäftigungen sind mit einer hohen Dynamik, das heißt einer Vielzahl von Übergangen von einer Beschäftigungsform zu einer anderen, sowie einem erhöhten Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko und entsprechend diskontinuierlichem Einkommen verbunden. Dies hat besondere Implikationen für die soziale Sicherung, vor allem für die Alterssicherung.
- Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheinen Alterssicherungssysteme überlegen, die unabhängig von der Erwerbsbiografie eine (armutsvermeidende) Grundsicherung gewährleisten (gute Beispiele Niederlande und Dänemark, schlechtes Beispiel Großbritannien). Zunehmend problematisch werden staatliche Alterssicherungssysteme, die sich stark am Äquivalenzprinzip orientieren, beitragsbezogen und versicherungsbasiert sind (Polen, Italien und Deutschland).
- Gewerkschaftliche Vertretungsrechte für 'atypisch Beschäftigte' sind oftmals rechtlich eingeschränkt, nicht nur in Programmländern der Troika wurden sie in den letzten Jahren noch weiter reduziert. In jüngerer Zeit lassen sich jedoch eine Anzahl von erfolgversprechenden gewerkschaftlichen Strategien im Umgang mit atypischer und oftmals prekärer Beschäftigung identifizieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets: an occupational perspective (2015)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner & Paul Marx (Hrsg.) (2015): Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets. An occupational perspective. Cheltenham: Elgar, 435 S. DOI:10.4337/9781781001721
Abstract
"Examining the occupational variation within non-standard employment, this book combines case studies and comparative writing to illustrate how and why alternative occupational employment patterns are formed.
Non-standard employment has grown significantly in most developed economies, varying between countries. Different institutional settings have been deemed accountable for this variation, although inadequate consideration has been given to differences within national labour markets. Through an occupational perspective, this book contends that patterns of non-standard employment are shaped by flexibility in hiring and firing practices and the dispensability of workers' skills. The framework integrates explanations based on labour market regulation, industrial relations and skill supply, filling the gaps in previous scholastic research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts : short-term blessings or long-term scars ? empirical findings from the Netherlands 1980 - 2000 (2015)
Zitatform
Mooi-Reci, Irma & Ronald Dekker (2015): Fixed-term contracts : short-term blessings or long-term scars ? empirical findings from the Netherlands 1980 - 2000. In: BJIR, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 112-135. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12024
Abstract
"Using a comprehensive longitudinal dataset of prime-age Dutch workers over the period 1980 - 2000, we examine how a previously held job with a fixed-term contract influences both the likelihood and the duration of a future spell of unemployment. Analyses show that Dutch workers with fixed-term contracts experience higher risks of future unemployment and have no shorter spells of unemployment compared to workers with regular contracts. Results also reveal that swifter employment re-entries among men with fixed-term contracts can be explained by their job search efforts before unemployment. Our study (partly) invalidates theoretical positions that claim that fixed-term contracts foster employment security by shortening unemployment durations; suggesting that fixed-term contracts are a short-term blessing that could end, for some workers, in a recurrent unemployment trap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flexiblework and immigration in Europe (2015)
Zitatform
Raess, Damian & Brian Burgoon (2015): Flexiblework and immigration in Europe. In: BJIR, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 94-111. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12022
Abstract
"Immigration has risen substantially in many European economies, with farreaching if still uncertain implications for labour markets and industrial relations. This article investigates such implications, focusing on employment flexibility, involving both 'external flexibility' (fixed-term or temporary agency and/or involuntary part-time work) and 'internal flexibility' (overtime and/or balancing-time accounts). The article identifies reasons why immigration should generally increase the incidence of such flexibility, and why external flexibility should rise more than internal flexibility. The article supports these claims using a dataset of establishments in 16 European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Atypische Beschäftigung" wird normal, aber haben die Rentensysteme bereits reagiert?: ein Vergleich von sechs europäischen Ländern (2015)
Schulze Buschoff, Karin;Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2015): "Atypische Beschäftigung" wird normal, aber haben die Rentensysteme bereits reagiert? Ein Vergleich von sechs europäischen Ländern. (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Perspektive), Berlin, 9 S.
Abstract
"- Mehr als ein Drittel der europäischen Erwerbstätigen arbeiten inzwischen in 'atypischen ' Beschäftigungsformen, Tendenz steigend. Insofern bereits 'normal' geworden sind beispielsweise in den Niederlanden die Teilzeitbeschäftigung, in Italien die Solo-Selbstständigkeit und in Polen die befristete Beschäftigung sowie Werkverträge.
- Die Einkommen von atypisch Beschäftigten liegen in der Regel unter dem Durchschnitt. Atypisch beschäftigt sind vor allem Frauen. Nur im Bereich der Solo-Selbstständigkeit sind die Männer in der Mehrzahl, Frauen holen jedoch auch hier auf.
- Atypische Beschäftigungen sind mit einer hohen Dynamik, das heißt einer Vielzahl von Übergängen von einer Beschäftigungsform zu einer anderen, einem erhöhten Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko und entsprechend diskontinuierlichem Einkommen verbunden. Dies hat besondere Implikationen für die soziale Sicherung, vor allem für die Alterssicherung.
- Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheinen Alterssicherungssysteme überlegen, die unabhängig von der Erwerbsbiografie eine (armutsvermeidende ) Grundsicherung gewährleisten (gute Beispiele Niederlande und Dänemark, schlechtes Beispiel Großbritannien). Zunehmend problematisch werden staatliche Alterssicherungssysteme, die sich stark am Äquivalenzprinzip orientieren, beitragsbezogen und versicherungsbasiert sind (Polen, Italien und Deutschland).
- Gewerkschaftliche Vertretungsrechte für 'atypisch Beschäftigte' sind oftmals rechtlich eingeschränkt, nicht nur in Programmländern der Troika wurden sie in den letzten Jahren noch weiter reduziert. In jüngerer Zeit lassen sich jedoch eine Anzahl von erfolgversprechenden gewerkschaftlichen Strategien im Umgang mit atypischer und oftmals prekärer Beschäftigung identifizieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
English version -
Literaturhinweis
Consequences of flexible employment at labour market entry for early career development in the Netherlands (2014)
Zitatform
Lange, Marloes de, Maurice Gesthuizen & Maarten Hendrik Jan Wolbers (2014): Consequences of flexible employment at labour market entry for early career development in the Netherlands. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 35, H. 3, S. 413-434. DOI:10.1177/0143831X13485878
Abstract
"In this article it is investigated to what extent flexible employment at labour market entry negatively affects the early career of school-leavers in the Netherlands in the period 1986 - 2008. Additionally, the question is raised to what extent educational differences exist in this relationship. To answer these questions, Dutch panel data from the OSA Labour Supply Panel are analysed. The results correspond with previous findings from studies on other European countries, supporting the stepping-stone rather than the entrapment hypothesis. A flexible start in the Dutch labour market increases the likelihood of repeated flexible employment and unemployment in the early career, and coincides with less occupational status development and income growth. However, the detrimental effects of flexible employment at labour market entry are only temporary and diminish after some years. Furthermore, no evidence is found for the existence of educational differences in the negative effects of flexible employment at labour market entry." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity and well-being in the temporary workforce: testing volition and contract expectations as boundary conditions (2013)
Zitatform
Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, Thomas Rigotti, Michael Clinton & Jeroen de Jong (2013): Job insecurity and well-being in the temporary workforce. Testing volition and contract expectations as boundary conditions. In: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 203-217. DOI:10.1080/1359432X.2011.647409
Abstract
"This study investigates whether temporary contract volition and workers' expectations for contract renewal are boundary conditions to explain differences in temporary workers' job insecurity feelings and well-being. It is hypothesized that (1) low volition through higher job insecurity indirectly associates with lower well-being and that (2) temporary workers' expectations of contract renewal weakens the links between both low volition and high job insecurity and high job insecurity and impaired well-being. Results based on an international data set of 1755 temporary workers employed in the education, manufacturing, and service sectors supported the first hypothesis and partly also the second. More specifically, low preferences for temporary contracts associated via higher job insecurity with lower job satisfaction, impaired health, and higher irritation. Contract expectations placed a boundary condition upon this indirect relation; however, the negative association between high job insecurity and impaired well-being was not weakened but strengthened. In conclusion, particularly temporary workers with low contract volition and high job insecurity feelings, who have high expectations for contract renewal are at risk for impaired well-being. Hence, this study sheds light onto the question how volition for temporary work and expected contract renewal relate to job insecurity and associate with individual well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time jobs: what women want? (2013)
Zitatform
Booth, Alison L. & Jan C. van Ours (2013): Part-time jobs: what women want? In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 26, H. 1, S. 263-283. DOI:10.1007/s00148-012-0417-9
Abstract
"Part-time jobs are common among partnered women in many countries. There are two opposing views on the efficiency implications of so many women working part-time. The negative view is that part-time jobs imply wastage of resources and underutilization of investments in human capital since many part-time working women are highly educated. The positive view is that, without the existence of part-time jobs, female labor force participation would be substantially lower since women confronted with the choice between a full-time job and zero working hours would opt for the latter. In the Netherlands, the majority of partnered working women have a part-time job. Our paper investigates, from a supply-side perspective, if the current situation of abundant part-time work in the Netherlands is likely to be a transitional phase that will culminate in many women working full-time. Our main results indicate that partnered women in part-time work have high levels of job satisfaction, a low desire to change their working hours, and live in partnerships in which household production is highly gendered. Taken together, our results suggest that part-time jobs are what most Dutch women want." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Drivers of freelance career success (2013)
Zitatform
Born, Arjan van den & Arjen van Witteloostuijn (2013): Drivers of freelance career success. In: Journal of organizational behavior, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 24-46. DOI:10.1002/job.1786
Abstract
"Recent evidence shows that the frequently proclaimed collapse of the traditional career model is actually not supported by job tenure data. This paper argues that the observed stability of job tenure might be explained by an increasing number of shamrock organizations. This organizational form has three types of workers: core employees, professional freelancers, and routine workers. In such an organization, two very different career models coexist. The organization largely determines the career of the core employee, whereas the individual essentially shapes that of the professional freelancer. This paper studies extensively the career of this second group: the professional freelancer, a growing phenomenon in many developed countries but not yet the focus of many career studies. We develop a freelance career success model on basis of the intelligent career framework augmented by insights from literature on entrepreneurship. Data are from a web survey with responses from about 1600 independent professionals in the Netherlands, in combination with 51 in-depth interviews. We provide two main contributions. First, we report findings from the first large-scale quantitative study into freelance career success. Second, this study enhances our understanding of the success of the modern career by building bridges between career and entrepreneurship literatures. We conclude that the external environment in which an individual freelancer operates is the most important factor determining career success. The study therefore suggests that more work needs to be performed on the relationship between the environment and individual career success." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities: a comparative analysis across European labour markets (2013)
Zitatform
Cutuli, Giorgio & Raffaele Guetto (2013): Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities. A comparative analysis across European labour markets. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 616-629. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcs011
Abstract
"Our work aims to bring together two research fields: the debate concerning different labour market flexibilization strategies and the determinants of training chances. The purpose of our work is therefore to assess the trade-off between temporary employment and training opportunities in a comparative analysis of three groups of countries characterized by different levels of labour market segmentation and training coverage. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the 2008 economic downturn in shaping training opportunities for contingent workers. Our research questions are investigated using three pooled rounds of the European Social Survey (2004, 2006, and 2008). While regression analyses partially confirm the negative effects of fixed-term contracts (FTCs) on training opportunities, a counterfactual analysis shows a retrenchment in training provisions among temporary workers only in strongly segmented labour markets, where FTCs constitute a more homogeneous marginal group, highly stratified in terms of age, gender, unemployment experience, and social class." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarisation of project work in the construction industry and trade union strategies for employees' representation (2013)
Hellmann-Theurer, Marion Felix;Zitatform
Hellmann-Theurer, Marion Felix (2013): Precarisation of project work in the construction industry and trade union strategies for employees' representation. In: Industrielle Beziehungen, Jg. 20, H. 2, S. 162-172.
Abstract
Die Beschäftigung im Baugewerbe ist durch eine schwankende Arbeitsnachfrage aufgrund ihrer Projektbezogenheit gekennzeichnet. Kurzfristige und prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse nehmen überall auf der Welt zu. Hierzu gehören informelle Tätigkeiten, Leiharbeit, Scheinselbstständigkeit und eine große Anzahl von Subunternehmern. Mit den Auswirkungen dieser Prekarisierung auf den Schutz und die Interessenvertretung der betroffenen Arbeitnehmer beschäftigt sich die Bau- und Holzarbeiter Internationale (BHI), ein globaler Gewerkschaftsverbund freier und demokratischer Gewerkschaften des Baugewerbes, der Baumaterialwirtschaft, des Holzgewerbes, der Forstwirtschaft und einschlägiger Wirtschaftszweige. Sie plädiert für starke Gewerkschaften, die ihre Angehörigen vor prekären Arbeitssituationen schützen. Ebenso sind Gesetze erforderlich, die eine gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung erlauben, inklusive Tarifverhandlungen. Der Beitrag enthält Beispiele für gewerkschaftliche Organisationen und Aktionen in folgenden Ländern: Niederlande, Ukraine, Südkorea, Hongkong, Namibia, Südafrika, Schweiz, Panama, Indien und Indonesien. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
United in precarious employment?: employment precarity of young couples in the Netherlands, 1992-2007 (2013)
Lange, Marloes de; Ultee, Wout C.; Wolbers, Maarten H. J.;Zitatform
Lange, Marloes de, Maarten H. J. Wolbers & Wout C. Ultee (2013): United in precarious employment? Employment precarity of young couples in the Netherlands, 1992-2007. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 503-516. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcr093
Abstract
"The trend towards labour market flexibilization in advanced economies since the 1990s is associated with more employment insecurity. This study examines to what extent employment flexibility among young people in the Netherlands is related to employment flexibility or unemployment of the partner, between 1992 and 2007. In addition, we aim to explain this relationship. Multinomial logistic regression models are estimated using 16 cross-sections of the Dutch Labor Force Survey (1992-2007), including 87,204 young couples. The results show that there is a positive relationship between precarious employment of two partners and that this can be explained by the mechanism of assortative mating (i.e. people select partners that are alike with respect to characteristics like education, age and ethnicity, and, these characteristics relate at the individual level with employment situation) and through partner effects (i.e. partners can be considered as providers of skills, knowledge, and network resources that add up to one's own labour market resources to which one has access)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity: evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries (2013)
Zitatform
Lisi, Domenico (2013): The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity. Evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 119-144., 2013-01-01. DOI:10.1007/s12651-013-0127-0
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren ermöglichten neue, auf Branchenebene verfügbare Daten eine genauere Evaluation des Einflusses der Arbeitsmarktpolitik als frühere ländervergleichende Analysen. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein branchenspezifisches Panel genutzt, um den Einfluss des Kündigungsschutzes auf befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse in den EU-Ländern zu ermitteln. Die Vorteile dieser Datengrundlage sind vielfältig. Die Methode nutzt sowohl die internationale Variation beim Kündigungsschutz für befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse als auch die Variation von Branche zu Branche. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Literatur wenden wir die Idee der unterschiedlichen Bindungskraft des Kündigungsschutzes nur für unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an, während wir für befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse eine andere Strategie anwenden, die eine genauere Identifikation des Effekts unbefristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf die Arbeitsproduktivität ermöglicht. Die theoretische Literatur erlaubt noch keine klare Vorhersage zum Vorzeichen dieses Effekts, da unterschiedliche überzeugende Gründe für Effekte in beide Richtungen bestehen. Daher haben die Ergebnisse der Analyse möglicherweise wichtige politische Implikationen. Unsere Haupterkenntnis ist, dass befristete Verträge einen negativen, wenn auch sehr geringen Effekt auf die Arbeitsproduktivität haben. Desweiteren bestätigt die Analyse, dass Kündigungsschutz bei regulären Arbeitsverträgen das Wachstum der Arbeitsproduktivität in den Branchen drosselt, die auf eine stärkere Beschäftigungsallokation angewiesen sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time work and work norms in the Netherlands (2013)
Zitatform
Wielers, Rudi & Dennis Raven (2013): Part-time work and work norms in the Netherlands. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 105-113. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcr043
Abstract
"We argue that in the Netherlands, due to the growth of part-time work, work norms have declined. The mechanism behind this norm change is in the changed organization of family life. The increased labour market participation of women has put the traditional organization of family life under pressure. Working mothers in the Netherlands opt for part-time jobs, thus sacrificing career opportunities for family life. Working fathers also have to trade-off hours, because a greater contribution to family life is expected from them. This implies that work norms are supported less by both women and men in their redefined roles than in their traditional roles. The hypotheses that follow from this argument are tested in multilevel regression analysis on the OSA Labour Supply Panel surveys for the period 1988 - 2002. The tests show that part-time working women and their partners adhere less to the work obligation norm than breadwinners and housewives. Adherence to the work obligation norm among parents has decreased with the growth of part-time work. Among non-parents, support for the norm has decreased too, but less than among parents. Our analyses show that, due to the growth of part-time work, the traditional division of labour is no longer predominant, and, as a result, the traditional work ethic is declining." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Compensation of on-call and fixed-term employment: the role of uncertainty (2012)
Graaf-Zijl, Marloes de;Zitatform
Graaf-Zijl, Marloes de (2012): Compensation of on-call and fixed-term employment. The role of uncertainty. In: The Manchester School, Jg. 80, H. 1, S. 6-27. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9957.2011.02248.x
Abstract
"This paper analyses the compensation of fixed-term and on-call employment contracts, applying an analytical framework in which wage differentials result from two types of uncertainty. Quantity uncertainty originates from product demand volatility. Quality uncertainty, on the other hand, originates from the fact that employers are ex-ante unable to observe fully a worker's ability. Using matching techniques, we analyse wage differentials using linked employer - employee data for the Netherlands. Findings indicate that on-call workers receive compensation for providing quantity flexibility, or at least did so before the regulatory change in 1999. Compensation of fixed-term contracts, however, is dominated by the negative wage effect of quality uncertainty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary jobs and job search effort in Europe (2012)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2012): Temporary jobs and job search effort in Europe. In: Labour economics, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 113-128. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2011.09.001
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for eleven countries during 1995 - 2001, I investigate temporary job contract duration and job search effort. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. I construct a search model for workers in temporary jobs which predicts that shorter duration raises search intensity. Calibration of the model to the ECHP data implies that at least 75% of the increase in search intensity over the life of a 2+ year temporary contract occurs in the last six months of the contract. I then estimate regression models for search effort that control for human capital, pay, local unemployment, and individual and time fixed effects. I find that workers on temporary jobs indeed search harder than those on permanent jobs. Moreover, search intensity increases as temporary job duration falls, and roughly 84% of this increase occurs on average in the shortest duration jobs. These results are robust to disaggregation by gender and by country. These empirical results are noteworthy, since it is not necessary to assume myopia or hyperbolic discounting in order to explain them, although the data clearly also do not rule out such explanations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The European world of temporary employment (2012)
Zitatform
Lancker, Wim Van (2012): The European world of temporary employment. In: European Societies, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 83-111. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.638082
Abstract
"Departing from growing concerns about in-work poverty and the proliferation of flexible employment, we investigate the association between temporary employment and poverty in a European comparative perspective. In doing so, we focus specifically on possible gender dimensions, because some are concerned that the impact of flexible employment on income security will be different for men and women and that gender inequality will increase. By means of a logistic multilevel model, we analyse recent EU-SILC data for 24 European countries. The results show that the temporarily employed have a higher poverty risk vis-à-vis permanent workers, mainly caused by lower wages. However, the risk factors to become working poor are similar. The poorly educated, young workers and those living in a single earner household with dependent children have an increased probability to live in poverty, whether they are employed on temporary or permanent basis. Differences between European welfare regimes demonstrate that policy constellations influence the magnitude of these risk factors. Counter-intuitively, temporary working women have a lower poverty risk than their male counterparts. They are better protected because they are more often secondary earners in a dual earning household, while men are more often primary earners. This article advances knowledge on the linkages between temporary employment, economic insecurity and gender differences in European welfare states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stepping stones for the unemployed: The effect of temporary jobs on the duration until (regular) work (2011)
Zitatform
Graaf-Zijl, Marloes de, Gerard J. van den Berg & Arjan Heyma (2011): Stepping stones for the unemployed: The effect of temporary jobs on the duration until (regular) work. In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 107-139. DOI:10.1007/s00148-009-0287-y
Abstract
"Transitions from unemployment into temporary work are often succeeded by a transition from temporary into regular work. This paper investigates whether temporary work increases the transition rate to regular work. We use longitudinal survey data of individuals to estimate a multi-state duration model, applying the 'timing of events' approach. The data contain multiple spells in labour market states at the individual level. We analyse results using novel graphical representations, which unambiguously show that temporary jobs shorten the unemployment duration, although they do not increase the fraction of unemployed workers having regular work within a few years after entry into unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job attitudes, behaviours and well-being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel (2011)
Zitatform
Gracia, Francisco J., Jose Ramos, José María Peiró, Amparo Caballer & Beatriz Sora (2011): Job attitudes, behaviours and well-being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 150, H. 3/4, S. 235-254. DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2011.00115.x
Abstract
"Applying an innovative typology based on preference for temporary employment and perceived employability, the authors empirically examine four types of temporary workers (and a group of permanent workers for comparison). In a sample of 1,300 employees from six countries, they find significant differences between the four types on a broad set of variables - including demographic and job characteristics, attitude and insecurity - but not in life satisfaction and well-being. They conclude with an argument against the equation of temporary employment with low-skilled workers unable to find a permanent job, stressing the valuable implications of more sensitive research for policy-making on flexicurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is part-time employment beneficial for firm productivity? (2011)
Zitatform
Nelen, Annemarie, Andries de Grip & Didier Fouarge (2011): Is part-time employment beneficial for firm productivity? (IZA discussion paper 5423), Bonn, 37 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes whether part-time employment is beneficial for firm productivity in the service sector. Using a unique dataset on the Dutch pharmacy sector that includes the work hours of all employees and a 'hard' physical measure of firm productivity, we estimate a production function including heterogeneous employment shares based on work hours. We find that a larger part-time employment share leads to greater firm productivity. Additional data on the timing of labor demand show that part-time employment enables firms to allocate labor more efficiently. First, firms with part-time workers can bridge the gap between opening hours and a full-time work week. Second, we find that during opening hours part-time workers are scheduled differently than full-timers. For example, we find that part-time workers enable their full-time colleagues to take lunch breaks so that the firm can remain open during these times." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Regional and sectoral dynamics of the Dutch staffing labor cycle (2011)
Reijer, Ard H.J. den;Zitatform
Reijer, Ard H.J. den (2011): Regional and sectoral dynamics of the Dutch staffing labor cycle. In: Economic Modelling, Jg. 28, H. 4, S. 1826-1837. DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2011.03.003
Abstract
"This study analyzes the dynamic characteristics of staffing employment across different business sectors and across different geographical regions in The Netherlands. We analyze a micro data set of the market leader of the Dutch staffing employment market, i.e. Randstad. We apply the dynamic factor model to extract common information out of a large data set and to isolate business cycle frequencies with the aim of forecasting staffing and total employment. We identify regions and sectors whose cyclical developments lead the staffing labor cycle at the country level. The dynamic factor model exploits these leading characteristics at the disaggregate level to forecast the country aggregate. Finally, both dynamic and static factors turn out to be predictive summary statistics of the micro data set when employed to forecast total employment at the country level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment contracts, psychological contracts, and employee well-being: an international study (2010)
Zitatform
Guest, David E., Kerstin Isaksson & Hans De Witte (Hrsg.) (2010): Employment contracts, psychological contracts, and employee well-being. An international study. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 327 S.
Abstract
"Temporary employment has become a focus of policy debate, theory, and research. The book addresses as its core concern the relationship between temporary employment contracts and employee well-being. It does so within the analytic framework of the psychological contract, and advances theory and knowledge about the psychological contract by exploring it from a variety of perspectives. It also sets the psychological contract within the context of a range of other potential influences on work-related well-being including workload, job insecurity, employability, and organizational support. A key aim of the book is to identify the relative importance of these various potential influences on well-being.
The book covers seven countries; Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK, as well as Israel as a comparator outside Europe. Data were collected from over 5,000 workers in over 200 organizations; and from both permanent and temporary workers as well as from employers.
The book's conclusions are interesting and controversial. The central finding is that contrary to expectations, temporary workers report higher well-being than permanent workers. As expected, a range of factors help to explain variations in work-related well-being and the research highlights the important role of the psychological contract. However, even after taking into account alternative explanations, the significant influence of type of employment contract remains, with temporary workers reporting higher well-being. In addition to this core finding, by exploring several aspects of the psychological contract, and taking into account both employer and employee perspectives, the book sheds new light on the nature and role of the psychological contract. It also raises some challenging policy questions and while acknowledging the potentially precarious nature of temporary jobs, highlights the need to consider the increasingly demanding nature of permanent jobs and their effects on the well-being of employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Wie weit trägt das Polder-Modell? Flexicurity und atypische Beschäftigungsformen in den Niederlanden (2010)
Jongerius, Agnes;Zitatform
Jongerius, Agnes (2010): Wie weit trägt das Polder-Modell? Flexicurity und atypische Beschäftigungsformen in den Niederlanden. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 431-432. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2010-0407
Abstract
In dem Beitrag wird das neokorporatistische Polder-Modell in den Niederlanden skizziert, auf dem der holländische Flexicurity-Ansatz beruht. Typisch für den niederländischen Arbeitsmarkt ist neben einer hohen Quote von Teilzeitbeschäftigten ein hoher Anteil sonstiger atypischer Beschäftigungsformen. Angesichts der gegenwärtigen Krise werden die Grenzen des Flexicurity-Ansatzes deutlich. Die Krise des Arbeitsmarktes führt zu einer Ausweitung atypischer Beschäftigung und zu einem Verlust an Sicherheit. Eine Erholung des Arbeitsmarktes findet somit auf Kosten der Beschäftigten statt. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Employment status and job insecurity: on the subjective appraisal of an objective status (2010)
Zitatform
Klandermans, Bert, John Klein Hesselink & Tinka van Vuuren (2010): Employment status and job insecurity. On the subjective appraisal of an objective status. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 31, H. 4, S. 557-577. DOI:10.1177/0143831X09358362
Abstract
"The article argues that job insecurity has subjective aspects that are not determined by the objective levels of security of someone's employment status. These subjective aspects can be divided into two elements: the perceived probability and the perceived severity of job loss. The psychological consequences of job insecurity supposedly vary as a function of the objective status and the two constituting elements of subjective job insecurity. Results are reported from a study in the Netherlands among 1706 workers in five employment statuses that differ in degree of security. The perceived probability and severity of job loss were assessed, as were five possible consequences of subjective insecurity. The article shows that (1) job insecurity reflects the 'objective' conditions people are in; (2) the appraisal of job insecurity results from the functioning of the probability and severity of job loss; and (3) probability and severity have different consequences depending on employment status." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working part-time in the British, German and Dutch labour market: scarring for the wage career? (2009)
Zitatform
Fouarge, Didier & Ruud Muffels (2009): Working part-time in the British, German and Dutch labour market. Scarring for the wage career? In: Schmollers Jahrbuch, Jg. 129, H. 2, S. 217-226. DOI:10.3790/schm.129.2.217
Abstract
"The paper studies the long-term effect of part-time employment on the wage career using panel data for three countries. The main idea is to study the possible 'scarring' effects of part-time employment on future hourly wages up to ten years later in the career. Fixed effects panel wage regressions show the existence of a part-time wage penalty for females in all three countries and for males in the UK. Longer durations of part-time result in stronger negative wage effects. In the UK, a negative effect of past part-time employment is also found to persist even after a lasting transition to a fulltime job. The fact that the effect of part-time on wage is larger in the UK suggests that wage penalties, contrary to what could be expected, are smaller in regulated labour markets with a specific skills regime." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of trust in secure and insecure employment situations: a multiple-group analysis (2009)
Zitatform
Jong, Jeroen de, René Schalk & Marcel Croon (2009): The role of trust in secure and insecure employment situations. A multiple-group analysis. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 510-538. DOI:10.1177/0143831X09342622
Abstract
"This article assesses the impact of job insecurity on the mediating role of trust in the relationship between breach of the psychological contract and employee attitudes. It is argued that both objective and subjective job insecurity influence the relation between breach and trust, as well as the relation between breach and affective commitment, job satisfaction and intention to quit. Hypotheses for different configurations of subjective and objective job insecurity were tested in a sample of 834 Dutch workers employed in 48 organizations. In a multiple-group analysis, the relationships between breach, trust and employee attitudes in four groups of employees in different configurations of job security were analysed. The results show that objective job insecurity moderates the relationship between breach and trust. However, contrary to expectations, trust only partially mediates between breach and employee attitudes in all employment situations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Motives for accepting temporary employment: a typology (2009)
Zitatform
Jong, Jeroen de, Nele de Cuyper, Hans de Witte, Inmaculada Silla & Claudia Bernhard-Oettel (2009): Motives for accepting temporary employment. A typology. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 30, H. 3, S. 237-252. DOI:10.1108/01437720910956745
Abstract
"This paper aims to offer a typology of temporary workers, based on their motives for accepting their work arrangement, which includes voluntary, involuntary and stepping-stone motives, and relate this typology to various individual and work-related variables. Latent class analysis of 645 European workers was used to construct a typology of temporary workers. Variation of individual and work-related variables between types of temporary workers was analyzed using ANOVA. The analyses suggest that there are three types of workers: involuntary temporary workers highlight the involuntary motive and the stepping-stone motive; the stepping-stone type stresses the stepping-stone motive only, and the non-involuntary group disagrees with all three motives. Moreover, the groups differed significantly on important work-related variables such as occupational position, tenure, employability, and work-involvement. However, differences in individual variables were limited. The research puts forward a more complex typology of temporary workers than is usually suggested. Moreover, the study shows a non-involuntary group for which temporary employment can become a trap, and hence these workers should be targeted by future policy and interventions. The research offers a typology of temporary workers, which is founded on motivation theory, and existing research on motives for accepting temporary employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zeitarbeit in europäischen Ländern - Lehren für Deutschland? (2009)
Zitatform
Vanselow, Achim & Claudia Weinkopf (2009): Zeitarbeit in europäischen Ländern - Lehren für Deutschland? (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Arbeitspapier 182), Düsseldorf, 68 S.
Abstract
"Die Porträts der Zeitarbeit in Frankreich, Niederlande, Großbritannien, Dänemark. Schweden, Schweiz und Österreich zeigen, dass große Unterschiede in der Regulierung. Sie liefern auch eine Reihe von Anregungen für die deutsche Debatte über eine Re-Regulierung der Leiharbeit. Besonders interessant erscheinen drei Elemente der Regulierung in Frankreich: die auch faktisch wirksame Durchsetzung des Equal Pay-Grundsatzes (ohne die Möglichkeit einer Abweichung durch Tarifvertrag), der Lohnzuschlag in Form einer 'Prekaritätsprämie' und der branchenbezogene Weiterbildungsfonds, aus dem Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen für Zeitarbeitskräfte finanziert werden können. In den Niederlanden haben Zeitarbeitskräfte bei längeren betrieblichen Einsätzen (mehr als sechs Monate) Anspruch auf Equal Pay, was Dauereinsätze für Kundenbetriebe teurer macht und damit die Anreize zur Übernahme in feste Beschäftigung erhöht. In Österreich gibt es tarifliche Mindestlöhne für die Leiharbeit und Zuschläge bei Einsätzen in Hochlohnbranchen. In der Schweiz soll der 2008 abgeschlossene Branchen-Tarifvertrag für allgemeinverbindlich erklärt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender and the contours of precarious employment (2009)
Zitatform
Vosko, Leah F., Martha MacDonald & Iain Campbell (Hrsg.) (2009): Gender and the contours of precarious employment. (Routledge IAFFE Advances in feminist economics), Abingdon: Routledge, 280 S.
Abstract
"Precarious employment presents a monumental challenge to the social, economic, and political stability of labour markets in industrialized societies and there is widespread consensus that its growth is contributing to a series of common social inequalities, especially along the lines of gender and citizenship. The editors argue that these inequalities are evident at the national level across industrialized countries, as well as at the regional level within federal societies, such as Canada, Germany, the United States, and Australia and in the European Union. This book brings together contributions addressing this issue which include case studies exploring the size, nature, and dynamics of precarious employment in different industrialized countries and chapters examining conceptual and methodological challenges in the study of precarious employment in comparative perspective. The collection aims to yield new ways of understanding, conceptualizing, measuring, and responding, via public policy and other means - such as new forms of union organization and community organizing at multiple scales - to the forces driving labour market insecurity." (text exerp, IAB-Doku)
Content:
Leah F. Vosko, Martha Macdonald, Iain Campbell: Introduction: Gender and the concept of precarious employment (1-25);
Leah F. Vosko, Lisa F. Clark: Canada: Gendered precariousness and social reproduction (26-42);
Francoise Carre; James Heintz: The United States: Different sources of precariousness in a mosaic of employment arrangements (43-59);
Iain Campbell, Gillian Whithouse, Janeen Baxter: Australia: Casual employment, part-time employment and the resilience of the male-breadwinner model (60-75);
Heidi Gottfried: Japan: The reproductive bargain and the making of precarious employment (76-91);
Julia S. O'Connor: Ireland: Precarious employment in the context of the European Employment Strategy (92-107);
Jacqueline O'reilly, John Macinnes, Tizana Nazio, Jose M. Roche: The United Kingdom: From flexible employment to vulnerable workers (108-126);
Susanne D. Burri: The Netherlands: Precarious employment in a context of flexicurity (127-142);
Jeanne Fagnani, Marie-Therese Letablier: France: Precariousness, gender and the challenges for labour market policy (143-158);
John Macinnes: Spain: Continuity and change in precarious employment (159-176);
Claudia Weinkopf: Germany: Precarious employment and the rise of mini-jobs (177-193);
Inger Jonsson Anita Nyberg: Sweden: Precarious work and precarious unemployment (194-210);
Martha Macdonald. Spatial dimensions of gendered precariousness: Challenges for comparative analysis (211-225);
Sylvia Fuller: investigating longitudinal dimensions of precarious employment: Conceptual and practical issues (226-239);
Wallace Clement, Sophie Mathieu, Steven Prus Emre Uckardesler: Precarious lives in the new economy: Comparative intersectional analysis (240-255);
Pat Armstrong, Hugh Armstrong: Precarious employment in the health-care sector (256-270) -
Literaturhinweis
Is part-time employment here to stay?: evidence from the Dutch labour force survey 1992-2005 (2008)
Zitatform
Bosch, Nicole, Anja Deelen & Rob Euwals (2008): Is part-time employment here to stay? Evidence from the Dutch labour force survey 1992-2005. (IZA discussion paper 3367), Bonn, 30 S.
Abstract
"To balance work and family responsibilities, the Netherlands have chosen a unique model that combines a high female employment rate with a high part-time employment rate. The model is likely to be the result of (societal) preferences as the removal of institutional barriers, like lower marginal tax rates for partners and better childcare facilities, has not led to more working hours. It is, however, an open question whether the model is here to stay or whether younger generations of women will choose full-time jobs in the near future. We investigate the development of working hours over successive generations of women using the Dutch Labour Force Survey 1992-2005. We find evidence of an increasing propensity to work part-time over the successive generations, and a decreasing propensity to work full-time for the generations born after the early 1950s. Our results are in line with results of studies on social norms and attitudes as they find a similar pattern over the successive generations. It therefore seems likely that without changes in (societal) preferences the part-time employment model is indeed here to stay for some more time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Kompetenzentwicklung durch Lernen in der Zeitarbeit? (2008)
Münchhausen, Gesa;Zitatform
Münchhausen, Gesa (2008): Kompetenzentwicklung durch Lernen in der Zeitarbeit? In: European Journal of Vocational Training H. 45, S. 55-76.
Abstract
"Die Frage der Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit wurde bisher in Forschung und Praxis vernachlässigt. Die Expansion und die Spezialität dieser Erwerbsform, insbesondere wegen der vielfach wechselnden Anforderungen an verschiedenen Arbeitsplätzen sowie die von der Bildungspolitik favorisierte Strategie lebenslangen Lernens zum Erhalt und zur Verbesserung von Qualifikationen, machen es notwendig, Konzepte zur Kompetenzentwicklung für diese Zielgruppe aufzuzeigen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die Chancen für eine Kompetenzentwicklung im Wesentlichen in der Zeitarbeit selber liegen, nämlich durch das Lernen in der Arbeit. Bei dieser Form des Lernprozesses werden bereits erworbene Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten kombiniert mit im Prozess der Arbeit sich entwickelnden Potenzialen. Dieser Arbeits- und Lernvorgang zeitigt als Resultat informell erworbene Kompetenzen, die dokumentiert werden konnten und Anhaltspunkte abgeben für eine gezielte Förderung von Kompetenzen in der Zeitarbeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The first part-time economy in the world: does it work? (2008)
Visser, Jelle;Zitatform
Visser, Jelle (2008): The first part-time economy in the world. Does it work? (AIAS working paper 67), Amsterdam, 60 S.
Abstract
"In his Adam Smith lecture of the European Association of Labour Economists, Harvard economist Richard Freeman has defined the Netherlands as 'the only part-time economy of the world, with a finger in the dike of unemployment' (Freeman 1998: 2). How did it happen? What kind of jobs are these and whose jobs are they? Can a 'one-and-a-half job' model work? Is it a solution to Europe's predicament of unemployment? These are the questions that I will try to answer in this paper. The paper begins with a brief description of the main changes in the Dutch labour market during the past decades. It shows that there was a major reversal of trends on nearly all performance indicators in the early 1 980s. Next, I discuss the role of wage moderation, sectoral change and job redistribution. In section three I shall focus in particular on the role of atypical and part-time employment. Section four concentrates on policies and changes in labour market behaviour and preferences, in particular of (married) women, trade unions, employers and governments. In the concluding part I shall identify some problems associated with the one-and-a-half job model and try to answer the central evaluative questions and title of the paper." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reasons for part-time work: an empirical analysis for Germany and the Netherlands (2007)
Zitatform
Bellmann, Lutz & Piet Allaart (2007): Reasons for part-time work. An empirical analysis for Germany and the Netherlands. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 28, H. 7, S. 557-570. DOI:10.1108/01437720710830052
Abstract
Die Untersuchung präsentiert einen internationalen Vergleich zur Verbreitung von Teilzeitarbeit. Ziel der Studie ist es herauszufinden, in welchem Ausmaß die Unterschiede zwischen Deutschland und den Niederlanden von der Nachfrageseite des Arbeitsmarktes her erklärt werden können. Es werden mehrere Motive der Arbeitgeber für das Angebot von Teilzeitstellen unterschieden. Deren Relevanz wird anhand von Unternehmensdaten und mittels multivariater Analyse für beide Länder getestet. Die Untersuchung kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass in den Niederlanden Teilzeitarbeit verbreiteter ist als in Deutschland. Hierfür gibt es mehrere Gründe: die unterschiedliche Wirtschaftsstruktur (mehr verarbeitendes Gewerbe in Deutschland, mehr Dienstleistungen in den Niederlanden), die geringere Anzahl an Werkstudenten in Deutschland und wahrscheinlich auch eine größere Zurückhaltung der deutschen Arbeitgeber, auf die Präferenzen ihrer Arbeitnehmer einzugehen. Die Studie füllt eine Lücke in der Literatur zur Teilzeitarbeit, insbesondere über die Bedeutung der institutionellen Unterschiede zwischen beiden Ländern. Die Ergebnisse können nützlich in Bezug auf die Planung politischer Maßnahmen mit dem Ziel einer größeren Verbreitung von Teilzeitarbeit sein. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time employment: a comparative analysis of Spain and the Netherlands (2007)
Blazquez Cuesta, Maite; Ramos Martin, Nuria Elena;Zitatform
Blazquez Cuesta, Maite & Nuria Elena Ramos Martin (2007): Part-time employment. A comparative analysis of Spain and the Netherlands. (AIAS working paper 55), Amsterdam, 59 S.
Abstract
"Most industrialized countries have seen part-time employment as a percentage of total employment increase in the last decade. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of part-time employment in Spain and the Netherlands. The project comprised a legal comparative study of the effectiveness of the normative solutions provided by the Dutch and Spanish legal orders regarding the protection of part-time workers and the promotion of part-time employment, with special attention paid to the gender dimension of part-time work in both countries; and an analysis, based on data extracted from the European Community Household Panel (1995-2001), of the determinants of part-time employment in both countries and an examination of the extent to which part-time jobs are used as stepping-stones to full-time positions. We found significant country differences regarding females' decisions to take part-time jobs. We also found that, in general, Dutch females are not less likely than their male counterparts to increase the number of hours they work. However, this applies only to those females who are part of a couple or have children younger than 12 years. In Spain, females are 2.6 times less likely than their male counterparts to switch from a part-time to a full-time job." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of employment protection mandates on demographic temporary employment patterns: international microeconomic evidence (2007)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2007): The impact of employment protection mandates on demographic temporary employment patterns. International microeconomic evidence. In: The economic journal, Jg. 117, H. 521, S. F333-F356. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02059.x
Abstract
"This article uses 1994-8 International Adult Literacy Survey microdata for Canada, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK and the US to study the impact of employment protection laws (EPL) on joblessness and temporary employment by demographic group. More stringent EPL raises relative non-employment rates for youth, immigrants, and, possibly, women, controlling for demographic variables and country dummies. For wage and salary workers, EPL raises the relative incidence of temporary employment for the low skilled, youth, native women, and especially immigrant women. These effects are often stronger in countries with higher levels of collective bargaining coverage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Altersteilzeit: Erfahrungen und Diskussionen in Deutschland und anderen EU-Ländern (2007)
Lindecke, Christiane; Lehndorff, Steffen; Voss-Dahm, Dorothea;Zitatform
Lindecke, Christiane, Dorothea Voss-Dahm & Steffen Lehndorff (2007): Altersteilzeit. Erfahrungen und Diskussionen in Deutschland und anderen EU-Ländern. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Arbeitspapier 142), Düsseldorf, 78 S.
Abstract
"Zum 31.12.2009 läuft die Förderung der Altersteilzeit durch die Bundesagentur für Arbeit aus. Das Altersteilzeitgesetz besteht darüber hinaus jedoch fort. Daher melden sich unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Gruppen mit Vorschlägen zu Wort, wie die Altersteilzeit sich zukünftig gestalten sollte. Die Positionen lassen sich mit den beiden Polen 'Beibehalten des Blockmodells und der Vorruhestandsregelung' versus 'Neuorientierung der Altersteilzeit hin zu einem lebenslaufbezogenen Modell mit der Perspektive einer verlängerten Lebensarbeitszeit' beschreiben. An diese Debatte knüpft dieser Literaturbericht an. Wir geben einen Überblick über die historische Entwicklung der Altersteilzeit sowie über Inhalt und Ziele des Altersteilzeitgesetzes. Die Ausführungen über Umfang und Formen der Nutzung der Altersteilzeit machen deutlich, dass die 'echte Teilzeit' im Unterschied zum Blockmodell nur in einem verschwindend geringen Teil der Betriebe umgesetzt wird. Für die meisten Unternehmen und auch den überwiegenden Teil der Beschäftigten hat die Altersteilzeit daher vorher bestehende Vorruhestandsregelungen abgelöst mit der Folge, dass Beschäftigte vor Erreichen der regulären Rentenaltersgrenze vorzeitig in den Ruhestand gehen. Auffallend ist allerdings, dass in kleineren Betrieben, insbesondere im Handwerk, die Grundidee der Altersteilzeit - ältere Beschäftigte vermitteln Wissen und Erfahrung an junge Beschäftigte, während sie ihre Arbeitsbelastung durch eine reduzierte Arbeitszeit senken - umgesetzt wurde. Die Erfahrungen mit graduellen Ausstiegspfaden und besonders der Altersteilzeit in Schweden, Finnland, Dänemark und den Niederlanden geben einen Einblick in die Such- und Experimentierprozesse in anderen europäischen Ländern, die Beschäftigungsquote Älterer zu erhöhen. Der politische Wille ist auch dort, die konkreten institutionellen Regelungen so auszugestalten, dass sich Beschäftigte für einen längeren Verbleib im Erwerbssystem entscheiden. Am Beispiel Schweden wird allerdings deutlich, dass Regulierungen für den graduellen Ausstieg auch in die entgegengesetzte Richtung wirken können: Insbesondere wenn die Altersteilzeit über Subventionen attraktiv gemacht wird, kann von ihr der Impuls zur Reduzierung des Arbeitsangebots Älterer ausgehen, wenn nämlich Beschäftigte ohne die Altersteilzeit ihre Arbeitszeit auch mit zunehmendem Alter unverändert beibehalten hätten. Neben Ausführungen über die Situation in Finnland und Dänemark stellen wir auch die niederländische 'Lebenslaufregelung' vor, in der der Ausstieg aus dem Erwerbsleben in ein lebensphasenspezifisches Arbeitzeitkonto eingebettet ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit: Potenziale und Grenzen (2007)
Münchhausen, Gesa; Moser, Klaus ; Möbus, Martine; Wittwer, Wolfgang; Benikowski, Bernd; Brömser, Hans-Peter; Mucke, Kerstin; Fölsch, Thomas; Münchhausen, Gesa; Galais, Nathalie; Pabst, Antje; Jahn, Elke J. ; Pelka, Bastian; Klaus, Annegret; Pietrzyk, Ulrike ; Erpenbeck, John; Schäfer, Ellen; Israel, Dagmar; Seidel, Sabine; Bolder, Axel; Süß, Elmar; Klatt, Rüdiger; Weinkopf, Claudia ; Frieling, Ekkehart; Weiß, Reinhold;Zitatform
Münchhausen, Gesa (Hrsg.) (2007): Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit. Potenziale und Grenzen. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 275 S.
Abstract
"Kompetenzentwicklung ist einer der Schlüssel zur Sicherung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit. Wie kaum eine andere Beschäftigungsform scheint die Zeitarbeit dazu prädestiniert, durch die Vielfalt der Einsatzorte eine maximale Breite von Kompetenzen zu fördern. Vielfalt kann aber auch völlige Orientierungslosigkeit und Beliebigkeit zur Folge haben. Wer soll eine Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit steuern? Wer zeichnet dafür verantwortlich? Wer trägt die Kosten? Gibt es bereits Konzepte? Welche Rahmenbedingungen sind notwendig, um die Kompetenzentwicklung der Zeitarbeiterinnen und Zeitarbeiter zu sichern? Der Sammelband beinhaltet Ergebnisse des hierzu im BIBB durchgeführten Forschungsprojektes sowie der Fachtagung 'Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit - Potenziale und Grenzen'. Dabei werden quantitative Bestandsaufnahmen zum Ausmaß von Zeitarbeit auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, theoretische Überlegungen und Praxiserfahrungen zur Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit, persönliche Erfahrungsberichte sowie internationale Impulse aus Frankreich und den Niederlanden präsentiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary agency work in the European Union (2007)
Pedersen, Henrik Stener; Mahler, Susan; Hansen, Claus Bo;Zitatform
Pedersen, Henrik Stener, Claus Bo Hansen & Susan Mahler (2007): Temporary agency work in the European Union. Dublin, 18 S.
Abstract
"Overall dissatisfaction with their working conditions and job situation among temporary agency workers would seem to indicate the existence of poor working conditions among this group. However, specific health and quality of work indicators paint a more ambiguous picture. They reveal that the main reasons behind this dissatisfaction are the insecurity inherent in this form of employment and the fact that temporary agency work may often be taken up involuntarily.
The purpose of this report is to study the relationship between TAW and the working conditions and health impacts for the workers. It also aims to promote European learning in relation to TAW through presenting national experiences and good practices. The report has been prepared for the European Working Conditions Observatory (EWCO). The information mainly derives from official national surveys as well as from qualitative studies provided by a network of seven European correspondents. These studies were based on a questionnaire prepared by the report coordinator. The seven countries initially engaged in EWCO are: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. Results from pan-European sources and, in particular, the European working conditions survey 2000 are included when relevant as a framework for discussion of the national findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Neue Selbstständige im europäischen Vergleich: Struktur, Dynamik und soziale Sicherheit (2007)
Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2007): Neue Selbstständige im europäischen Vergleich. Struktur, Dynamik und soziale Sicherheit. (Edition der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung 201), Düsseldorf, 170 S.
Abstract
"In den 1970er Jahren setzte europaweit eine Zunahme an selbstständiger Erwerbsarbeit ein, die so genannte 'Renaissance der Selbstständigkeit'. In dem Band wird dieser Trend nach verschiedenen wirtschaftlichen, strukturellen und sozialen Kriterien im Ländervergleich (Deutschland, Niederlande, Italien, Schweden und Vereinigtes Königreich) beleuchtet. Ein Ergebnis des Ländervergleichs ist, dass der Boom der Selbstständigkeit eine große Anzahl von Personen einbezogen hat, die nicht das Profil des traditionellen Selbstständigen (Kleingewerbetreibende, Professionen, Mittelstandsbetriebe und verkammerte Berufe) haben. Die 'neuen Selbstständigen' gründen häufig im Dienstleistungsbereich Klein-, Kleinst- oder Solo-Unternehmen, oftmals ohne oder nur mit geringen Vermögenswerten. Insbesondere die Solo-Selbstständigkeit zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Mobilität und häufige Statuswechsel aus. Diese Entwicklungen sind mit neuen Anforderungen an die soziale Sicherung für die zuständigen Akteure und Institutionen verbunden. Der Band zeigt am Beispiel zentraler Versicherungszweige, ob und in welcher Form die nationalen staatlichen Sicherungssysteme auf diese Herausforderungen eingestellt sind. Beschrieben wird weiterhin, in welcher Form die Gewerkschaften sich der Entwicklung stellen und die Organisierung und Interessenvertretung dieser Selbstständigen weiter vorantreiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Explaining the growth of part-time employment: factors of supply and demand (2006)
Zitatform
Euwals, Rob & Maurice Hogerbrugge (2006): Explaining the growth of part-time employment. Factors of supply and demand. In: Labour, Jg. 20, H. 3, S. 533-558.
Abstract
"Using the Dutch Labour Force Survey 1991-2001, the authors investigate the incidence of part-time employment in the country with the highest part-time employment rate of the OECD countries. Women fulfil most part-time jobs, but a considerable fraction of men works part-time as well. Evidence from descriptive statistics and a macroeconometric model at the sectoral level of industry suggests that the growth of part-time employment in the 1990s relates strongly to the growth in female labour force participation. Factors of labour demand, such as the shift from manufacturing to services and the increase in the demand for flexible labour, turn out to play a significant role as well." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen neuer Beschäftigungsformen: kommentierte Zusammenstellung der einschlägigen Literatur (2006)
Friedrichs, Michael; Schröder, Antje Kathrin;Zitatform
Friedrichs, Michael & Antje Kathrin Schröder (2006): Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen neuer Beschäftigungsformen. Kommentierte Zusammenstellung der einschlägigen Literatur. (IGA-Report 10), Essen u.a., 63 S.
Abstract
Die Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über Studien, in denen alternativen Beschäftigungsformen vor allem unter arbeitsmedizinischen Gesichtspunkten behandelt werden. So birgt z.B. die Telearbeit nicht nur Potenziale für ein ausgeglicheneres Verhältnis zwischen Privat- und Berufsleben, sondern gerade durch die Vermengung beider Lebensbereiche auch Gefahren, die etwa aus verkürzten Erholungsphasen resultieren können. Auch befristete Tätigkeiten schaffen zunächst Arbeit, führen aber durch die ständige Angst, die Arbeit wieder verlieren zu können, auch zu psychischen Problemen. Bei Teilzeitarbeit steht der größeren Freizeit ein geringeres Einkommen entgegen. Bei allen diesen alternativen Beschäftigungsformen existieren also Aspekte, die sowohl Licht als auch Schatten auf die gesundheitlichen Perspektiven der Arbeitnehmer werfen können. Es werden daher diejenigen Studien und Arbeiten betrachtet, die versuchen, dieses Szenario auszuleuchten. Daneben wird auch eine Übersicht über die quantitative Bedeutung der verschiedenen Formen alternativer Beschäftigung erstellt. Der Stand der Forschung zum Themenkomplex der so genannten neuen Beschäftigungsformen ist als 'ausgesprochen dünn' zu bezeichnen. Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit der Betroffenen werden nur mit nachrangiger Priorität hinterfragt. Auffällig sind vor allem die Ergebnisse zur Auswirkung auf die allgemeine Sterblichkeit von Teilzeitkräften und befristet Beschäftigten, die mit zwei groß angelegten Studien in Schweden und Finnland als gesichert gelten können. Eine zweite Tendenz scheint in der besseren subjektiven Wahrnehmung des Gesundheitszustandes von prekär Beschäftigten zu bestehen, die sich in einer ganzen Reihe von Studien findet. Vor dem Hintergrund der erhöhten Mortalität wird die Prüfung der Existenz einer solchen Wahrnehmungsverschiebung als Auftrag an die Wissenschaft formuliert. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Voll prekär - total normal? Die Arbeitsrealitäten wahrnehmen (2006)
Herrmann, Christina; Knöpfel, Carlo; Wagner, Alexandra; Metzger, Heinz-Jürgen; Bogert, Bernd; Odenwald, Stephanie; Hartmann-Schäfer, Mechthild; Rabea, Alexandra; Binger, Tom; Reiter, Jutta; Zinn, Karl Georg; Schobel, Paul; Füllsack, Manfred ; Schulten, Thorsten;Zitatform
Herrmann, Christina, Carlo Knöpfel, Alexandra Wagner, Heinz-Jürgen Metzger, Bernd Bogert, Stephanie Odenwald, Mechthild Hartmann-Schäfer, Alexandra Rabea, Tom Binger, Jutta Reiter, Karl Georg Zinn, Paul Schobel, Manfred Füllsack & Thorsten Schulten (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2006): Voll prekär - total normal? Die Arbeitsrealitäten wahrnehmen. (Jahrbuch für Arbeit und Menschenwürde 07), Aachen: Shaker, 140 S.
Abstract
"Arbeit unter prekären Bedingungen hat in der jüngsten Zeit stark zugenommen. Immer mehr Menschen arbeiten für geringe Löhne (häufig unter dem Existenzminimum), können ihre Zukunft nicht zuverlässig planen und haben geringe oder keine Arbeitnehmerschutzrechte. Viele leben unter diesen Bedingungen - und viele weitere sind vom Abstieg in prekäre Beschäftigung bedroht. In diesem Band wird das 'Prekariat' beschrieben. An Beispielen aus Deutschland, der Schweiz und den Niederlanden werden die heutigen Arbeitsrealitäten wahrgenommen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The organization of Human Resource Management in temporary work agencies: towards a comprehensive research agenda on temporary agency work in Germany, the Netherlands and the US (2006)
Mitlacher, Lars W.;Zitatform
Mitlacher, Lars W. (2006): The organization of Human Resource Management in temporary work agencies. Towards a comprehensive research agenda on temporary agency work in Germany, the Netherlands and the US. In: Human Resource Management Review, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 67-81. DOI:10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.02.004
Abstract
"While many studies suggest that companies use temporary agency work only as a short-term instrument to adjust the workforce in line with demand, recent research has pointed to new developments in employers' use of temporary agency work. Studies have highlighted the development of increasing long-term contractual relationships between temporary work agencies and client companies in countries such as Germany, the Netherlands and the US. What is missing in the current debate so far are insights on how temporary work agencies are responding to new expectations by client companies. Therefore, possible strategies are analyzed with special regard to the design of Human Resource Management instruments in temporary work agencies. Although the Human Resource Management is the core competency of temporary work agencies, surprisingly little attention in the academic literature has been paid to the question how Human Resource Management should be structured in order to support the adopted strategies by the agencies. This will be analyzed in the paper with a special focus on the situation in Germany, the Netherlands and the US, developing propositions for further research and a comprehensive research agenda for international comparative studies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Förderung der Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit (2006)
Münchhausen, Gesa;Zitatform
Münchhausen, Gesa (2006): Förderung der Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit. In: Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 47-51.
Abstract
"Die Frage der Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit wurde bisher in Forschung und Praxis vernachlässigt. Da diese Erwerbsform jedoch zunehmend expandiert, ist es notwendig, Konzepte zur Kompetenzentwicklung für diese Zielgruppe aufzuzeigen. Im Beitrag werden Forschungsergebnisse skizziert, die in einem BIBB-Forschungsprojekt zu diesem Thema erhoben wurden. Ergebnisse aus Fallstudien in den Niederlanden, aus einer Studie in Frankreich, aus Befragungen deutscher Zeitarbeiter/-innen wie auch der Zeitarbeitsunternehmen verdeutlichen, dass die Chancen für eine Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit selber liegen, nämlich in dem Lernen in der Arbeit und den dabei informell erworbenen Kompetenzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary agency work in the Netherlands (2006)
Zitatform
Tijdens, Kea, Maarten van Klaveren, Hester Houwing, Marc van der Meer & Marieke van Essen (2006): Temporary agency work in the Netherlands. (AIAS working paper 54), Amsterdam, 59 S.
Abstract
"This paper is the result of a study on temp agency workers and on the role that temp agency work played in company's staffing strategies and on industry and national regulations regarding temp agencies and temp agency work. It was conducted in 2004-2006, as part of a larger project on low wage work in the Netherlands, which was part of a five country study for the Russell Sage Foundation, USA. In order to provide a background for understanding temporary agency work, recent developments in and the various forms of external numerical flexibility in the Netherlands are sketched first. The temporary agency market apparently is well equipped to provide services for firms' demands for flexible labor. The largest volume of temp work through agencies includes rather low-skilled jobs for manufacturing, transport, cleaning and administrative work, although most large temp work agencies also maintain specialized departments for outsourcing nurses, secretaries, managers, and other professional medical or technical staff. If one relates the 2004 figures to the Dutch dependent workforce at large, temp agency workers made up 6.0 percent (head-count) of that workforce, and 4.5 percent in FTEs. In firms using temp agency workers, on average 7 percent of the workforce recently was made up of temp agency workers. Major motives for companies to hire temp agency workers are peaks in production, mostly predictable peaks, as well as replacement of staff falling ill. As for the regulatory regime, in the late 1990s, two species of legislation were introduced that are of relevance here. The Flexibility and Security ('Flexicurity') Act of 1999, replacing the 1965 law, is most important for the regulation of employment relationships in and by temp work agencies. The 1998 WAADI Act regulates the temp agency product market, and abolished the former license system, although the government kept the option open to reinstate such a system 'in the interest of good relations on the labour market or the interests of the personell concerned'. For temp work agencies the main implication of the new law was that agreements between them and employees were to be employment contracts. As temp work agencies are assumed to bear employer responsibility, this may lead to larger security for temp agency workers. Temp agency workers are for the larger part covered by a collective agreement, concluded by General Federation Temporary Work Agencies - ABU with the major trade unions. After mandatory extension, about 94 percent of the temp agency workers were covered by an agreement. For typologies of temp agency workers on employment status and education we have analysed the 2004 data of the Wage Indicator, collected via a web-based survey addressing the labor force in the Netherlands. The analyses show that 1.7 percent of the observations concerned a temp agency worker. Of this group, one out of ten indicated to be a school pupil or student. Another five percent was a housewife/man with a job on the side, partly disabled, unemployed, or working without loss of unemployment benefits. Temp agency work is often associated with people with a weak position in the labour market, but it appeared that temp agency workers did not significantly differ from other workers with regard to their years of education, although they more often had enjoyed general education instead of vocational education. Temp agency workers are typically young workers, as they proved to be relatively younger than the workforce of any other large branch of industry. Compared with their share in the total Dutch workforce, migrant workers, from western or from non-western origin, are comparatively more often employed via temp work agencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Was macht den Unterschied? Determinanten der Nachfrage nach Leiharbeit in Deutschland und den Niederlanden (2005)
Zitatform
Jahn, Elke J. (2005): Was macht den Unterschied? Determinanten der Nachfrage nach Leiharbeit in Deutschland und den Niederlanden. In: Industrielle Beziehungen, Jg. 12, H. 4, S. 393-423.
Abstract
"Der niederländische Leiharbeitsmarkt gilt im europäischen Vergleich als hinreichend etabliert. Der deutsche Gesetzgeber hat - auch mit Blick auf die Erfahrungen in den Niederlanden - das Leiharbeitsrecht im Jahr 2003 dereguliert. Der Beitrag sucht nach Gründen für die unterschiedliche Nachfrage nach Leiharbeit in beiden Ländern. Hierzu werden die Regulierung der Leiharbeit, ihre Funktion, ihre volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung und die Struktur der Nachfrage verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass - entgegen allgemeiner Wahrnehmung - die niederländische Leiharbeitsquote seit 2000 rückläufig ist. Ursache hierfür ist eine grundlegende Regulierung des Leiharbeitsrechts seit 1998/1999. Trotz dieser Reform lässt das niederländische Recht den Leiharbeitsfirmen einen größeren Spielraum als das deutsche, so dass in den Niederlanden auch solche Branchen Leiharbeit nachfragen, für die sich in Deutschland der Einsatz von Leiharbeit nicht lohnt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment relations and wages among school leavers in the Netherlands (2005)
Vries, M. Robert de; Wolbers, Maarten H. J.;Zitatform
Vries, M. Robert de & Maarten H. J. Wolbers (2005): Non-standard employment relations and wages among school leavers in the Netherlands. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 19, H. 3, S. 503-525. DOI:10.1177/0950017005055668
Abstract
"Non-standard (alternatively, flexible) employment has become common in the Netherlands, and viewed as an important weapon for combating youth unemployment. However, if such jobs are 'bad', non-standard employment becomes a matter of concern. In addition, non-standard employment may hit the least qualified, excluding them from the primary segment of the labour market, where 'good' jobs are found. We first examine whether less-educated school leavers more often end up in a job with a non-standard employment contract than the higher educated. Then, we investigate the effect of having a non-standard employment contract on job advantages in terms of wages. The data come from three large-scale Dutch school leaver surveys as held in 2001.The results show: (a) less-educated school leavers indeed are more likely to have a non-standard contract than more highly educated ones, while (b) those in non-standard employment earn less in their jobs. A substantial part of these differences can be ascribed to the segment of the labour market in which school leavers work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Leiharbeit in den Niederlanden: Soziodemographie, Beschäftigungsbedingungen und soziale Absicherung (2005)
Wilkens, Ingrid;Zitatform
Wilkens, Ingrid (2005): Leiharbeit in den Niederlanden. Soziodemographie, Beschäftigungsbedingungen und soziale Absicherung. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 394-415.
Abstract
"In der Diskussion um die mit den Hartz-Reformen beabsichtigte Ausdehnung der Leiharbeit wird des Öfteren auf das Vorbild der Niederlande verwiesen. Der Beitrag erläutert die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, die Soziodemographie, die Motivation sowie die Beschäftigungsbedingungen in der dortigen Leiharbeitsbranche. Wie in anderen europäischen Ländern sind die Zeitarbeitskräfte tendenziell benachteiligt, obwohl ihre Integration in die Entleihunternehmen gut zu sein scheint. Interessant für die deutsche Diskussion dürfte vor allem das 'Phasenmodell' sein, das Leiharbeitnehmern mit der Dauer ihrer Beschäftigung eine wachsende soziale Absicherung bietet und darüber hinaus die traditionell starke Brückenfunktion der Arbeitnehmerüberlassung unterstützt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitnehmerüberlassung in den Niederlanden (2005)
Wilkens, Ingrid;Zitatform
Wilkens, Ingrid (2005): Arbeitnehmerüberlassung in den Niederlanden. In: Bundesarbeitsblatt H. 11, S. 18-25.
Abstract
"Europaweit gelten die Niederlande als Vorbild für den großflächigen Einsatz von Zeitarbeit. Doch ist die Arbeitnehmerüberlassung dort anders geregelt als beispielsweise in Deutschland. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert die Besonderheiten und das unter sozialpolitischen Aspekten interessante Modell der schrittweise zunehmenden sozialen Absicherung der Zeitarbeitskräfte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Neue Selbstständigkeit und wachsender Grenzbereich zwischen selbstständiger und abhängiger Erwerbsarbeit: europäische Trends vor dem Hintergrund sozialpolitischer und arbeitsrechtlicher Entwicklungen (2004)
Schulze Buschoff, Karin;Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2004): Neue Selbstständigkeit und wachsender Grenzbereich zwischen selbstständiger und abhängiger Erwerbsarbeit. Europäische Trends vor dem Hintergrund sozialpolitischer und arbeitsrechtlicher Entwicklungen. (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. Discussion papers SP 1 2004-108), Berlin, 52 S.
Abstract
"Das duale System der Erwerbstätigkeit mit der klaren Unterscheidung zwischen abhängiger und selbstständiger Erwerbstätigkeit ist historisch gewachsen. In Bezug auf das Arbeitsrecht zeigen sich deutliche Übereinstimmungen in den betrachteten Ländern Deutschland, Großbritannien, Niederlande, Italien und Schweden: Arbeitsrechtliche Bestimmungen beziehen sich bislang in der Regel ausschließlich auf die abhängig Beschäftigten, während das Zivil- und Handelsrecht für die Selbstständigen eher Markt- als soziale Schutzrechte regelt. Während diese grundlegende Übereinstimmung im Arbeitsrecht augenfällig ist, gibt es, je nach wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Tradition, deutliche Unterschiede in der sozialversicherungsrechtlichen Behandlung von Selbstständigen und abhängig Beschäftigten in den einzelnen Ländern. Aufgezeigt wird, dass sowohl im Arbeitsrecht als auch im Sozialversicherungsrecht die Grenzen zwischen Selbstständigkeit und abhängiger Beschäftigung tendenziell fließender werden. In der Praxis nehmen in diesem Grenzbereich Beschäftigungsformen wie die wirtschaftlich abhängige Selbstständigkeit bzw. die Scheinselbstständigkeit auch infolge geänderter Unternehmensstrategien in Form von Outsourcing und Franchising zu. Ebenso gewinnen Formen 'neuer Selbstständigkeit' an Bedeutung. Während der Zugang zur Selbstständigkeit sich in den ersten Dekaden nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg noch deutlicher durch Voraussetzungen wie Human- und Finanzkapital begrenzt wurde, wird das Bild der Selbstständigkeit in den letzten Jahrzehnten insgesamt bunter. In einigen Ländern steigt der Zugang von Alleinselbstständigen, Frauen und Personen mit geringer Kapitalausstattung, die direkt aus der Arbeitslosigkeit kommen. Spezielle Arbeitsmarktprogramme tragen in manchen Ländern dazu bei, dass sich die Erwerbsform Selbstständigkeit diesen neuen Gruppen öffnet. Trotz dieser europaweiten Trends gibt es deutliche Unterschiede in der Art und dem Umfang der Selbstständigkeit. Insbesondere bei der Entwicklung der Sozialversicherung für Selbstständige ist in den einzelnen Ländern eine starke Pfadabhängigkeit bedingt durch wohlfahrtsstaatliche Traditionen zu beobachten. Im Ländervergleich wird vor allem der deutsche konservative Wohlfahrtsstaat, der Selbstständige traditionellerweise nicht in die Systeme der sozialen Sicherung integriert, der neuen Vielfalt und der zunehmenden Schutzbedürftigkeit Selbstständiger nicht gerecht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Kündigungsschutz, Befristung und Leiharbeit in Europa (2004)
Zachert, Ulrich;Zitatform
Zachert, Ulrich (2004): Kündigungsschutz, Befristung und Leiharbeit in Europa. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 57, H. 3, S. 132-137.
Abstract
"Die vergleichende Untersuchung der normativen und tatsächlichen Lage in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern gibt Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass viele gegen die bestehenden Schutzstandards in der nationalen Debatte wiederholt vorgetragenen Argumente entweder unrichtig oder undifferenziert sind. Der Beitrag bietet eine Darstellung der rechtlichen Aspekte des Kündigungsschutzes (z.B. das Verhältnis zwischen Richterrecht und Gesetzesrecht, die Regelung von Schwellenwerten und Abfindungen und Prekaritätsabfindungen, die Möglichkeit der Weiterbeschäftigung und die Präventivfunktion) und ergänzt diese um eine Darstellung der rechtlichen Regelungen zur Befristung und Leiharbeit. Dabei wird untersucht, dass die atypischen Beschäftigungsformen als Ausweichstrategie für zu rigiden Kündigungsschutz genutzt werden können oder aber als Brücke zum Dauerarbeitsvertrag oder Drehtüreffekt dienen. Ein wesentliches Ergebnis des Beitrags ist, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitsmarkt und Regulierungsintensität der Beendigungstatbestände in der (fach-)öffentlichen Diskussion stark überschätzt wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Contingent employment in Europe and the United States (2003)
Bergström, Ola ; Paauwe, Jaap; Perez Perez, Manuel; Bergström, Ola ; Peuntner, Thomas; Ellis, Rebecca; Pot, Ferrie; Koene, Bas ; Purcell, John; Storrie, Donald; Storrie, Donald; Glasgow, Doug; Tailby, Stephanie; Cam, Surhan; McGlashan, Kay;Zitatform
Bergström, Ola & Donald Storrie (Hrsg.) (2003): Contingent employment in Europe and the United States. Cheltenham u.a.: Elgar, 256 S.
Abstract
"The book examines the developments in labour markets in advanced economies in the 21st century, as regards contingent employment. This is defined as employment relationships that can be terminated with minimal costs within a predetermined period of time. This includes fixed-term contracts, temporary agency work and self-employment. Contingent employment has been the subject of much legislative activity in the last decade, at both the national and European level. Temporary agency work, in particular, has recently been extensively deregulated in most European countries and currently we await the fate of a proposed EU directive on agency work. Using evidence from Germany, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, the UK and the US, the authors assess the increasing use of contingent employment against the legislative and institutional background in these countries. The European countries represent a wide range of regulatory regimes within the European Union, and comparison with the United States, where contingent employment is least regulated, is a useful feature of the book. Some emphasis is placed on the role of temporary work agencies. This is not only due to recent spate of legislation but also because agency work is the type of contingent employment that grew most rapidly in the last decade, it is a relatively novel form of employment, and has several interesting theoretical features." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Entstandardisierte Erwerbsmuster im europäischen Vergleich: eine empirische Analyse für fünf Länder unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Deutschland (2003)
Kaiser, Lutz C.;Zitatform
Kaiser, Lutz C. (2003): Entstandardisierte Erwerbsmuster im europäischen Vergleich. Eine empirische Analyse für fünf Länder unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Deutschland. Bochum, 500 S.
Abstract
Erwerbsarbeit übernimmt in ihrer heutigen Form die Funktion der monetären Teilhabe an gesellschaftlicher Wohlfahrt und der nicht-pekuniären Positionierung innerhalb der gesellschaftlichen Realität. Als Maßstab für die Bewertung dieser Teilhabe und Positionierung kann die individuelle Erwerbschance in Form der Wahrscheinlichkeit der Besetzung einer bestimmten Erwerbsform bzw. der Position des Status Nichterwerbstätigkeit gelten. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Bedeutung entstandardisierter Erwerbsmuster theoretisch und empirisch zu erfassen und auf dieser Basis einen Ausblick auf eine sich weiter verändernde Organisation von Erwerbsarbeit zu geben. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Gegenüberstellung standardisierter und entstandardisierter Erwerbsmuster und deren Konsequenzen für die jeweiligen Bezugsgruppen. Auf Basis eines internationalen Vergleichs von Deutschland mit Dänemark, den Niederlanden, Portugal und Großbritannien wird untersucht, wie sich entstandardisierte Erwerbsmuster in den jeweiligen Ländern entwickelt haben, welche Formen von entstandardisierten Erwerbsmustern bzw. welche jeweiligen (empirischen) Größenordnungen sich abzeichnen und wie jene theoretisch erklärt werden können. Außerdem wird untersucht, ob und inwiefern sich unterschiedliche entstandardisierte Erwerbsformen hinsichtlich der Arbeitszufriedenheit zu standardisierten Erwerbsformen unterscheiden, da zumindest für stabile und gesicherte Beschäftigungsverhältnisse eine hohe Arbeitsmotivation nachgewiesen wurde. Insgesamt zeigen die deskriptiven Analysen, dass sich hinter der pauschalen Hypothese der sogenannten Erosion von Normalarbeitsverhältnissen in erster Line ein vermehrtes Erwerbsstreben von Frauen verbirgt. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Hypothese, dass in erster Linie Frauen entstandardisierte Erwerbsformen nachfragen anstatt, wie auf Seiten von Männern, standardisierte Erwerbsformen zu besitzen. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
What hampers part-time work?: an empirical analysis of wages, hours restrictions and employment from a Dutch-German perspective (2003)
Zitatform
Wolf, Elke (2003): What hampers part-time work? An empirical analysis of wages, hours restrictions and employment from a Dutch-German perspective. (ZEW economic studies 18), Heidelberg u.a.: Physica-Verl., 174 S.
Abstract
Mit Daten des deutschen Sozio-oekonomischen Panels der Jahre 1994 und 1998 sowie eines niederländischen Panels zum Arbeitskräfteangebot des Jahres 1994 werden in dem Band die Bedingungen für Arbeitsplätze mit kürzeren Arbeitszeiten untersucht und das Potenzial für eine Erhöhung der Teilzeitarbeit errechnet. Hierzu werden zunächst die Lohnunterschiede zwischen Teil- und Vollzeitbeschäftigten in Deutschland und den Niederlanden betrachtet und dann die Konsequenzen der Lohnlücke deutscher Teilzeitarbeitnehmer für die Arbeitsangebotsentscheidung von Frauen geschätzt. Anschließend wird gefragt, welche Effekte eine Lockerung von Arbeitszeitrestriktionen auf die Verteilung der Arbeitsstunden in Deutschland hätten. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
The Dutch market for agency work (2002)
Moolenaar, Debora;Zitatform
Moolenaar, Debora (2002): The Dutch market for agency work. Amsterdam, 177 S.
Abstract
"In the Netherlands agency work, that is working through a temporary work agency, has become increasingly popular over the past two decades. In other countries its popularity is also growing. This thesis investigates the importance of agency work for the Durch economy. This is done from three viewe from three viewpoints. First, a longitudinal analysis is conducted to find out if agency work can serve a leading indicator of macro-economic developments. The theory of cointegration is applied using annual data on the Dutch economy for the period 1973-2000 and quarterly data for the period 1986-2000. Secondly, the labor supply of agency workers is compared to that of other employees. Points of interest are the characteristics of agency workers, the choice of agency work and possible trade-offs between labor hours, wages and labor contracts. A labor supply model and several logit models are estimated using data from the Dutch Labor Force Survey covering the period 1992-1994. Thirdly, the demand for agency workers by firms in various economic sectors are examined. The issues include possible substitution effects between agency workers and other employees, the effect of agency work on the efficiency of the firm, and firms'reasons, other than cost aspects, for using a temporary work agency. A labor demand model and several logit and tobit models are estimated using two different datasets on Durch firms, one of them dating from 1990 and 1992 and the other one dating from 1994." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Teilzeitplus - ein Instrument zur Förderung von Betrieben und Beschäftigten im europäischen Vergleich: neue Handlungsspielräume für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen und ihre Beschäftigten durch präventive Arbeitsmarktpolitik (2001)
Degen, Christel;Zitatform
Degen, Christel (2001): Teilzeitplus - ein Instrument zur Förderung von Betrieben und Beschäftigten im europäischen Vergleich. Neue Handlungsspielräume für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen und ihre Beschäftigten durch präventive Arbeitsmarktpolitik. (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. Papers 01-506), Berlin, 37 S.
Abstract
"Die anhaltend hohe Arbeitslosigkeit hat zu neuen Ansätzen in der Arbeitsmarkt- und Strukturpolitik geführt. 'Teilzeitplus' ist ein Instrument zur Förderung von Unternehmen, Beschäftigten und Kommunen, welches auf Klein- und Mittelbetriebe in Krisensituationen zielt. Dabei wurde eine komplexe Mehrfachstrategie entwickelt: Zum einen erfolgt eine Unternehmensberatung, die Wege aus der Krise aufzeigt. Gleichzeitig werden potentiell von Entlassung bedrohte bzw. bereits unmittelbar vor Entlassung stehende Mitarbeiter/innen durch plusArbeit in andere Tätigkeitsfelder vermittelt. Dies erfolgt nach professioneller Beratung und in Absprache mit den Betroffenen. Durch die bei Einführung von Teilzeitplus erforderliche Kommunikation zwischen Unternehmensleitung und Beschäftigten wird ein Reorganisationsprozess angestoßen, der die Flexibilität und Leistungsfähigkeit der Betriebe deutlich erhöht. Mittels der Vermittlung in plusArbeit werden die Unternehmen für eine gewisse Phase der Umorientierung entlastet. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen des im Rahmen von ADAPT entwickelten Modellprojekts 'combishare' in Berlin zeigen, dass ein großer Teil der Arbeitsplätze infolge dieser Strategien erhalten werden konnte. Die hier vorliegende Analyse ist der Versuch einer Einordnung des Instruments 'Teilzeitplus' in den europäischen Kontext. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Ansätze in europäischen Ländern untersucht, in denen - beispielsweise im Bereich der Weiterbildung oder der Arbeitszeit - bereits Erfahrungen mit ähnlichen präventiven arbeitsmarktpolitischen Instrumenten vorliegen. Es zeigt sich, das die komplexe Strategie von 'Teilzeitplus' in dieser Form neu ist. Durch die Kombination verschiedener Ansätze wie Unternehmensberatung, reale Entlastung des Unternehmens von Lohnkosten in Krisensituationen (Pufferfunktion) sowie plusArbeit ist Teilzeitplus nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen besonders geeignet für Regionen und Branchen, die sich in Umstrukturierungsprozessen befinden und in denen die Unternehmen nicht in der Lage sind, Beschäftigung auszubauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Flexibilisierung der Arbeit in den Niederlanden: die Entwicklung atypischer Beschäftigung unter Berücksichtigung der Frauenerwerbstätigkeit (2001)
Wilkens, Ingrid;Zitatform
Wilkens, Ingrid (2001): Flexibilisierung der Arbeit in den Niederlanden. Die Entwicklung atypischer Beschäftigung unter Berücksichtigung der Frauenerwerbstätigkeit. (Zentrum für Globalisierung und Europäisierung der Wirtschaft. Discussion paper 10), Göttingen, 14 S.
Abstract
"Die anhaltend hohe Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland bewirkte in letzter Zeit eine intensive Diskussion der Strategien der als beschäftigungspolitisch erfolgreicher angesehenen Länder. Im Brennpunkt des Interesses stehen dabei neben den USA, Dänemark und Großbritannien auch die Niederlande, wo die Arbeitslosenquote mittlerweile auf 4% (1999) gesenkt werden konnte. Ein wesentliches Element der niederländischen Beschäftigungspolitik ist die Flexibilisierung der Arbeit, die zur Behebung der Arbeitsmarktkrise in den 80er Jahren eingeleitet wurde. Flexibilisierung ist in der arbeitspolitischen Debatte mit vielfältigen Befürchtungen bezüglich der Abnahme der Beschäftigungsqualität bzw. des Verlustes der sozialen Sicherungsstandards verbunden. In diesem Beitrag soll zum einen anhand der vom Statistischen Zentralamt (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, CBS) verwendeten Daten gezeigt werden, wie sich die Arbeitsverhältnisse in Folge der umfassenden Flexibilisierung entwickelt haben und welche Beschäftigungsqualität mit dieser Entwicklung verbunden ist. Die zweite Frage lautet, inwieweit die Frauen, die in vielen europäischen Ländern am Arbeitsmarkt benachteiligt sind, von der Beschäftigungsentwicklung in den Niederlanden profitieren konnten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Quasi-employee, quasi-self-employees: more than just a name - the case of the Netherlands and Belgium (2000)
Jaspers, Teun;Zitatform
Jaspers, Teun (2000): Quasi-employee, quasi-self-employees. More than just a name - the case of the Netherlands and Belgium. In: Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Arbeits- und Sozialrecht, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 233-249.
Abstract
Der Artikel beinhaltet einen Vortrag der 27. Tagung der Gesellschaft für Rechtsvergleichung in Freiburg am 24.5.99 zum Thema arbeitnehmerähnliche Personen und Scheinselbständige in den Niederlanden und Belgien. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Betriebliche Erfahrungen mit atypischen Arbeitsformen: Ergebnisse einer Repräsentativerhebung in acht europäischen Ländern (1993)
Bielenski, Harald;Zitatform
Bielenski, Harald (1993): Betriebliche Erfahrungen mit atypischen Arbeitsformen. Ergebnisse einer Repräsentativerhebung in acht europäischen Ländern. In: Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Jg. 26, H. 3, S. 375-385.
Abstract
Um empirisch fundierte Aussagen zu den Entwicklungspotentialen von vier ausgewählten atypischen Arbeitsformen machen zu können, wurde 1989/90 eine international angelegte Repräsentativbefragung durchgeführt. Befragt wurden Manager und - soweit vorhanden - Arbeitnehmervertreter in 3520 privatwirtschaftlichen Betrieben aus acht europäischen Ländern. Ziel der Untersuchung war es herauszufinden, in welchem Ausmaß atypische Arbeitsformen in den Betrieben angewendet werden und wie Manager und Arbeitnehmervertreter aufgrund ihrer Erfahrungen Teilzeitarbeit, befristete Arbeitsverträge, Samstags- und Abendarbeit bewerten. Der internationale Vergleich zeigt, daß die Verbreitung und Bewertung insbesondere von befristeten Arbeitsverträgen und Teilzeitarbeit stark von den jeweiligen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen abhängt. Dies bedeutet, daß es in relativ breitem Umfang möglich ist, durch politische Maßnahmen - insbesondere durch eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung des Arbeits- und Sozialrechts - die Attraktivität und damit auch die Verbreitung dieser atypischen Arbeitsformen zu fördern oder zu bremsen. Entwicklungschancen werden vor allem bei der Teilzeitarbeit gesehen. Sowohl seitens der Arbeitgeber als auch seitens der Arbeitnehmer besteht ein großes und bei weitem noch nicht ausgeschöpftes Interesse an dieser Arbeitsform. Für beide Seiten kann Teilzeitarbeit große Vorteile mit sich bringen. Die gegenwärtige Praxis ist allerdings durch die Tatsache geprägt, daß zumindest teilweise Arbeitgeberinteressen auf Kosten der Arbeitnehmer durchgesetzt werden. Bei befristeten Arbeitsverträgen sowie bei Samstags- und Abendarbeit decken sich dagegen die Interessen von Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern nur in Ausnahmefällen. Einer stärkeren Verbreitung dieser atypischen Arbeitsformen dürften daher auf Dauer relativ enge Grenzen gesetzt sein. (IAB)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
-
Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht