Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes (2025)
Zitatform
Zilanawala, Afshin & Anika Schenck-Fontaine (2025): Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes. In: Socius, Jg. 11, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1177/23780231251332979
Abstract
"The authors investigate the moderating role of three dimensions of economic hardship on the relationship between maternal nonstandard work schedules (working evening, nights, or weekends) and children’s behavioral and cognitive outcomes at age five in the United Kingdom. The literature on the relationship between nonstandard work and child development in early childhood has not taken into consideration the potentially important role of families’ economic circumstances. Economic circumstances may reduce or amplify the potential consequences of maternal nonstandard work schedules for young children. Using the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative birth cohort from the United Kingdom, and residualized change models, the authors test associations between children’s cognitive and behavioral outcomes at age five from contemporaneous maternal nonstandard work schedules. Mothers who worked nonstandard schedules had more economic hardship relative to mothers working standard schedules. Nonstandard work schedules were related to higher internalizing behavior scores at age five. The authors examined if observed associations were moderated by income poverty, financial stress, and material hardship, separately, and found that the interaction of nonstandard work with higher levels of financial stress at age five was related to higher internalizing behavior scores. The results highlight a potentially challenging work-family interface in the context of working nonstandard schedules and experiencing economic hardship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Multidimensional employment trajectories and dynamic links with mental health: Evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2024)
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Balogh, Rebeka, Sylvie Gadeyne, Christophe Vanroelen & Chris Warhurst (2024): Multidimensional employment trajectories and dynamic links with mental health: Evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. In: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 26-37. DOI:10.5271/sjweh.4193
Abstract
"Objectives Low-quality and precarious employment have been associated with adverse mental health and wellbeing. More evidence is needed on how the quality of employment trajectories – including transitions in and out of unemployment, inactivity, and employment of varying quality – are associated with individuals’ mental health over time. This paper aimed to derive a typology of multidimensional employment trajectories and assess associations with mental health in the UK. Methods Data from waves 1–9 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study were used (2009–2019). Individuals aged 30–40 at baseline were included (N=1603). Using multichannel sequence and clustering analyses, we derived a typology of employment trajectories across employment statuses and four employment quality indicators. We assessed associations with subsequent psychological distress, accounting for baseline mental health. Changes in average General Health Questionnaire scores are described. Results A typology of five trajectory clusters highlighted stable and secure and precarious/low-quality trajectories for both men and women. Women who reported being economically inactive at most waves had higher odds of experiencing psychological distress than did women in ‘standard’ trajectories, regardless of baseline mental health. Women’s scores of psychological distress in the ‘precarious’ group on average increased along their trajectories characterized by instability and transitions in/out of unemployment, before a move into employment. Men who likely moved in and out of unemployment and economic inactivity, with low probability of paid employment, reported increased psychological distress at the end of follow-up. This may partly be due to pre-existing mental ill-health. Conclusion This paper shows the importance of high-quality employment for individuals’ mental health over time. Researchers need to consider dynamic associations between employment quality and mental health across the life-course." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Positioning precarity: The contingent nature of precarious work in structure and practice (2024)
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Jankowski, Krzysztof Z. (2024): Positioning precarity: The contingent nature of precarious work in structure and practice. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 75, H. 5, S. 715-730. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.13125
Abstract
"Conceptualizing precarity has come to rest on the multi-dimensional and differentiated insecurities of job and worker, this however belies the relationship between structure and experience where precarity originates. To bridge that relationship, I employ the landscape concept to position workers relative to the structural contingency of precarious work. To study this landscape, I conducted an ethnography involving job searching, working, and interviewing workers. While certainly insecure, these jobs displayed parallel characteristics of streamlined hiring and short-notice starts which workers took advantage of. I explore three ideal-typical ‘jobs’—the first, only, and best job—to examine how vulnerability is balanced with contingency to produce precarity. This analysis and the landscape approach locate the political-economic transformation of work in the context of workers' lives and their labor market position. Taking precarious work is an act of balancing one's vulnerabilities in a way that constructs and thus naturalizes precarity. Overall, the article contributes an image of an economy where workers have to be opportunistic in a continual struggle for work while stratified by their personal circumstances and position in this labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of transitioning into temporary employment on wages is not negative: A comparative study in eight countries (2024)
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Latner, Jonathan P. (2024): The effect of transitioning into temporary employment on wages is not negative: A comparative study in eight countries. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 92, 2024-07-22. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100957
Abstract
"There remains a lack of clarity about the effect of temporary employment on wages. Using asymmetric fixed effects models with a dummy impact function, we study the wage effects of four distinct transitions: (1) from unemployment into a temporary relative to (2) a permanent contracts; and (3) from temporary into permanent contracts relative to (4) from permanent into temporary contracts. We use panel data from eight countries to examine the effect of these distinct transitions, over time after the transition occurs, and in a cross-national, comparative context. The main finding explains the wage penalty of temporary employment identified by previous research. The negative effect is more accurately understood as the difference between two types of transitions, neither of which are negative, even if transitions from temporary into permanent contracts more positive than transitions from permanent into temporary contracts. There is little difference in the wage effect of transitions from unemployment into temporary relative to permanent contracts. The findings may be counter intuitive, but they are consistent with the theory of equalizing differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Subjective Job Insecurity and the Rise of the Precariat: Evidence from the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States (2024)
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Manning, Alan & Graham Mazeine (2024): Subjective Job Insecurity and the Rise of the Precariat: Evidence from the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 106, H. 3, S. 748-761. DOI:10.1162/rest_a_01196
Abstract
"There is a widespread belief that work is less secure than in the past, that an increasing share of workers are part of the “precariat.” It is hard to find much evidence for this in objective measures of job security, but perhaps subjective measures show different trends. This paper shows that in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, workers feel as secure as they ever have in the past 30 years. This is partly because job insecurity is very cyclical and (pre-COVID) unemployment rates very low, but there is also no clear underlying trend towards increased subjective measures of job insecurity. This conclusion seems robust to controlling for the changing mix of the labor force, and it is true for specific subsets of workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Racial Capitalism and Entrepreneurship: An Intersectional Feminist Labour Market Perspective on UK Self-Employment (2024)
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Martinez Dy, Angela, Dilani Jayawarna & Susan Marlow (2024): Racial Capitalism and Entrepreneurship: An Intersectional Feminist Labour Market Perspective on UK Self-Employment. In: Sociology, Jg. 58, H. 5, S. 1038-1060. DOI:10.1177/00380385241228444
Abstract
"This article explains entrepreneurial activity patterns in the United Kingdom labour market using theories of racial capitalism and intersectional feminism. Using UK Office for National Statistics Labour Force Survey data 2018–2019 and employing probit modelling techniques on employment modes, self-employment types and work arrangements among differing groups, we investigate inequality in self-employment within and between socio-structural groupings of race, class and gender. We find that those belonging to non-dominant gender, race and socio-economic class groupings experience an intersecting set of entrepreneurial penalties, enhancing understanding of the ways multiple social hierarchies interact in self-employment patterns. This robust quantitative evidence challenges contemporary debates, policy and practice regarding the potential for entrepreneurship to offer viable income generation opportunities by those on the socio-economic margins." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Advancing Workers' Rights in the Gig Economy through Discursive Power: The Communicative Strategies of Indie Unions (2024)
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Però, Davide & John Downey (2024): Advancing Workers' Rights in the Gig Economy through Discursive Power: The Communicative Strategies of Indie Unions. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 1, S. 140-160. DOI:10.1177/09500170221103160
Abstract
"Finding limited representation in established unions, a growing number of precarious and migrant workers of the gig economy have been turning to self-organization. Yet little is known about how these workers can compensate for their lack of material resources and institutional support and negotiate effectively with employers. Drawing on interviews, frame, and content analysis grounded in ethnographic research with the precarious and migrant workers of British ‘indie’ unions, we examine the significance of self-mediation practices in facilitating effective negotiations. We find that the effectiveness of campaigns can be enhanced by strategically integrating vibrant direct action of workers and allies with self-mediated messages, which are framed to resonate with the general public and mainstream media – a practice that we call communicative unionism. These findings extend labour movement scholarship by showing the analytical importance of considering workers’ discursive power-building practices. They also contribute to addressing social movement studies’ historical neglect of workers’ collective engagements with employers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dualisation and part-time work in France, Germany and the UK: Accounting for within and between country differences in precarious work (2024)
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Rubery, Jill, Damian Grimshaw, Philippe Mehaut & Claudia Weinkopf (2024): Dualisation and part-time work in France, Germany and the UK: Accounting for within and between country differences in precarious work. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 363-381. DOI:10.1177/09596801221120468
Abstract
"By comparing protections for part-time work in France, Germany and the UK, this article contributes to the comparative debate over whether industrial relations actors are mitigating or creating labour market dualisation. Significant variations in incidence and form of part-time work (a ‘spectrum of precariousness’), between and within the three countries, are explained through a theoretical frame that layers the actions of industrial relations actors against a backdrop of welfare and labour market rules and gender relations. This reveals important path dependent differences in part-time work patterns, including in the lines by which part-time work is segmented. The findings call for a more nuanced approach to dualisation that recognises that trade union responses to precarious work, albeit conditioned by their own path dependencies, have involved active efforts to extend protections to part-timers through twin strategies of support for legislative instruments and new forms of organising, albeit with only partial success." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Do Young Workers Perceive Job Insecurity? Legitimising Frames for Precarious Work in England and Germany (2024)
Trappmann, Vera ; Umney, Charles ; McLachlan, Christopher J. ; Cartwright, Laura; Seehaus, Alexandra ;Zitatform
Trappmann, Vera, Charles Umney, Christopher J. McLachlan, Alexandra Seehaus & Laura Cartwright (2024): How Do Young Workers Perceive Job Insecurity? Legitimising Frames for Precarious Work in England and Germany. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 998-1020. DOI:10.1177/09500170231187821
Abstract
"This article examines the legitimising frames young workers in England and Germany apply to precarious work. Through 63 qualitative biographical interviews, the article shows that most young precarious workers saw work insecurity as an unavoidable fact of life whose legitimacy could not realistically be challenged. Four frames are identified that led to precarious work being seen as legitimate: precarious work as a driver of entrepreneurialism; as inevitable due to repeated exposure; as a stage within the life course; and as the price paid for the pursuit of autonomy and meaningful work. The article advances the literature on precarious workers’ subjectivity by identifying the frames through which it is legitimised, and by underlining the importance of frames that are currently underexamined. The prevalence of the pursuit of meaningful, non-alienating work as a frame is a particularly striking finding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Platform work, exploitation, and migrant worker resistance: Evidence from Berlin and London (2023)
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Alyanak, Oğuz, Callum Cant, Tatiana López Ayala, Adam Badger & Mark Graham (2023): Platform work, exploitation, and migrant worker resistance: Evidence from Berlin and London. In: The Economic and Labour Relations Review, Jg. 34, S. 667-688. DOI:10.1017/elr.2023.34
Abstract
"For migrant workers who do not have access to other means of income, the platform economy offers a viable yet exploitative alternative to the conventional labor market. Migrant workers are used as a source of cheap labor by platforms – and yet, they are not disempowered. They are at the heart of a growing platform worker movement. Across different international contexts, migrants have played a key role in leading strikes and other forms of collective action. This article traces the struggles of migrant platform workers in Berlin and London to explore how working conditions, work experiences, and strategies for collective action are shaped at the intersection of multiple precarities along lines of employment and migration status. Combining data collected through research by the Fairwork project with participant observation and ethnography, the article argues that migrant workers are more than an exploitable resource: they are harbingers of change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Enforcing outsiders' rights: seasonal agricultural workers and institutionalised exploitation in the EU (2023)
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Bruzelius, Cecilia & Martin Seeleib-Kaiser (2023): Enforcing outsiders' rights: seasonal agricultural workers and institutionalised exploitation in the EU. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 49, H. 16, S. 4188-4205. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2207340
Abstract
"Enforcement is a crucial aspect for understanding labour market hierarchies in Europe and exploitation of mobile and migrant EU workers. Whereas most literature on intra-EU mobility and enforcement has focused on posted workers, this paper sheds light on enforcement in seasonal agriculture and forestry where posted work is very uncommon yet mobile workers overrepresented. In the EU, enforcement highly depends on Member States' capacities. Therefore, we explore how labour rights, and specifically wages, are enforced across four EU Member States with different enforcement regimes, namely Austria, Germany, Sweden and the UK. In line with existing research, we expect that enforcement will be more effective also in agriculture/forestry where it is organised mainly through industrial relations, as opposed to administrative or judicial enforcement. Nevertheless, our review of enforcement practices suggests that seasonal agricultural and forestry workers' rights are neglected across countries, irrespective of enforcement regime. We argue that the scant efforts made to enforce these workers' rights amounts to institutionalised exploitation of labour market outsiders and that administrative enforcement is necessary to ensure hypermobile workers' rights. We also draw attention to the contradictory role of the EU and its simultaneous attempt to strengthen and weaken enforcement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Informalization in gig food delivery in the UK: The case of hyper-flexible and precarious work (2023)
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Mendonça, Pedro, Nadia K. Kougiannou & Ian Clark (2023): Informalization in gig food delivery in the UK: The case of hyper-flexible and precarious work. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 62, H. 1, S. 60-77. DOI:10.1111/irel.12320
Abstract
"This article examines the process of informalization of work in platform food delivery work in the UK. Drawing on qualitative data, this article provides new analytical insight into what drives individual formal couriers to both supply and demand informalized sub-contracted gig work to undocumented migrants, and how a platform company enables informal work practices through permissive HR practices and technology. In doing so, this article shows how platform companies are enablers of informal labor markets and contribute to the expansion of hyper-precarious working conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unstable jobs and time out of work: evidence from the UK (2022)
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Avram, Silvia (2022): Unstable jobs and time out of work: evidence from the UK. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 20, H. 3, S. 1151-1171. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwac013
Abstract
"This article tests the hypothesis that unstable jobs with variable hours or pay enhance the job-finding chances of the working-age non-employed in the UK, by using a combination of the UK Household Longitudinal Study and the Labour Force Survey data and a discrete time model. We find no evidence on the share of unstable jobs in the non-employed person’s local labour market impacts on the probability to move into employment. This result holds both for men and women and for groups with low employability such as the low educated and the long-term unemployed. It is robust to alternative ways of defining unstable jobs and to the inclusion of unobserved heterogeneity. Overall, findings cast doubt on the importance of unstable jobs for employment creation in the UK." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Working While Feeling Awful Is Normal": One Roma's Experience of Presenteeism (2022)
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Collins, Helen, Susan Barry & Piotr Dzuga (2022): "Working While Feeling Awful Is Normal": One Roma's Experience of Presenteeism. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 362-371. DOI:10.1177/0950017021998950
Abstract
"This article presents an account of a young Roma man’s lived experience of working in the agricultural sector while sick, and shines a spotlight on the impact of precarious work, low pay and eligibility, and access to sick pay, with particular emphasis on Roma, and how these factors interconnect to foster presenteeism. The repercussions of presenteeism, relayed through Piotr’s personal narrative and reflections about his work, family role, ambition and daily survival, enrich public sociology about this under explored area of migrant Roma’s working life." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment and poverty persistence: The case of U.K. and Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Simon, Agathe (2022): Temporary employment and poverty persistence. The case of U.K. and Germany. (French Stata Users' Group Meetings 2022 07), Marseille, 19 S.
Abstract
"This presentation aims at providing more insight on the relationship between atypical employment and poverty, with a focus on temporary contract workers. I want to assess to what extent temporary contract workers face higher risk of poverty than standard workers and how factors such as the family structure and the welfare states influence this risk. I study the implication of being under temporary contract on the risk of poverty in a longitudinal perspective in order to investigate further the association between atypical work and poverty not only by contract type and individual characteristics as done in two previous dynamic analyses—Debels (2008) and Amuedo-Dorantes and Serrano-Padial (2010)—but also by the households’ financial situation, the role of the partners’ earnings and benefits, while controlling for feedback effects of contract type and state dependency of poverty as done by Amuedo-Dorantes and Serrano-Padial (2010). In order to do that, I use two large panels for Germany (SOEP) and the U.K. (BHPS-UKHLS). Those panels allow me to cover extended periods: SOEP goes from 1984 to 2017 and the U.K. from 1991 to 2019." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Full-time hours, part-time work: questioning the sufficiency of working hours as a measure of employment status (2022)
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Stovell, Clare & Janna Besamusca (2022): Full-time hours, part-time work: questioning the sufficiency of working hours as a measure of employment status. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 63-83. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2021.1991888
Abstract
"Although distinctions between full-time and part-time work are vital for understanding inequalities at work and home, consensus and critical reflection are lacking in how employment status should be defined. Full-time and part-time work are often represented as a binary split between those working under or over a specific number of hours. However, this paper, using exploratory mixed methods, evidences problems with assumptions based on working-hour thresholds and highlights the importance of workplace culture and household contexts. Using the UK Labour Force Survey we reveal ambiguities in the reporting of employment status for 12% of workers when comparing definitions based on number of working days, working hours and self-assessment. Ambiguities are particularly prevalent among working mothers with almost a third, who would be regarded as working full-time using hour-based measures, classified as ambiguous according to the measures used here. In-depth interviews with parents who self-classify as part-time workers, despite working over 35 hours a week, reveal mechanisms behind ambiguity within this group linked to organisational norms, previous working hours and divisions of household labour. The paper therefore argues workplace and household contexts are crucial to understanding employment status and recommends this should be taken into account in new multidimensional measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage Differences between Atypical and Standard Workers in European Countries: Moving beyond Average Effects (2022)
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Westhoff, Leonie (2022): Wage Differences between Atypical and Standard Workers in European Countries: Moving beyond Average Effects. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 38, H. 5, S. 770-784. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcac015
Abstract
"This article provides a detailed picture of wage differences between atypical and standard workers across the wage distribution. It compares two distinct types of atypical employment, part-time and temporary employment, and examines seven European countries. Using 2016 EU-SILC data, the article presents quantile regression estimates of wage gaps associated with atypical employment across the wage distribution. The results show that wage patterns associated with different types of atypical employment are diverse and complex. Temporary employment is associated with significant wage penalties that decrease but largely remain significant towards the upper end of the wage distribution. In contrast, wage differences between part-time and full-time workers are smaller and range from part-time penalties at lower deciles of the wage distribution to non-significant differences or premiums at the top. These results suggest that different mechanisms may drive wage differences associated with different types of atypical employment. In particular, the article highlights the role of occupation in affecting atypical workers’ labour market position and, consequently, wages relative to standard workers. Overall, the significant heterogeneity in atypical employment and its wage consequences calls into question the usefulness of the concept as a unifying category for research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Negotiating the different degrees of precarity in the UK academia during the Covid-19 pandemic (2021)
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Kınıkoğlu, Canan Neşe & Aysegul Can (2021): Negotiating the different degrees of precarity in the UK academia during the Covid-19 pandemic. In: European Societies, Jg. 23, H. sup1, S. S817-S830. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2020.1839670
Abstract
"This study explores how early career academics negotiate precarity in the higher education sector in the United Kingdom under the amplified uncertainties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our preliminary findings based on the semi-structured interviews with nine early career academics (six women and three men) shed light on varying experiences of early career academic precarity with regard to working and life routines, and their participation in the job market. We argue that early career academics’ gender, employment status, and their university affiliations influence the degree to which they are able to instrumentalise and negotiate precarity during the pandemic in the UK." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Breaking up the 'precariat': Personalisation, differentiation and deindividuation in precarious work groups (2021)
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Manolchev, Constantine, Richard Saundry & Duncan Lewis (2021): Breaking up the 'precariat': Personalisation, differentiation and deindividuation in precarious work groups. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 828-851. DOI:10.1177/0143831X18814625
Abstract
"Much-debated and researched, the subject of precarious work remains at the forefront of academic and policy discourses. A development of current interest is the reported growth of employment flexibility and increase in non-standard and atypical work, regarded by some as contributing to the emergence of a class-like 'precariat' of insecure and marginalised workers. However, this precariat framework remain largely untested and underexplored. Using in-depth narratives from 77 semi-structured interviews with workers from groups within the precariat spectrum, in this article the authors address this gap. The study finds that cohesion within and between these groups is overstated, and worker collectivisation far from apparent. As a result, this diversity of group dynamics, attitudes and experiences challenges not only negative conceptualisations of the precariat in the literature, but the theoretical validity of the precariat framework itself." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Commercial airline pilots' declining professional standing and increasing precarious employment (2021)
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Maxwell, G. A. & K. Grant (2021): Commercial airline pilots' declining professional standing and increasing precarious employment. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 32, H. 7, S. 1486-1508. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2018.1528473
Abstract
"With the advent of low-cost employment systems for pilots in commercial airlines, we address two questions: What are experienced UK-based, commercial airline pilots’ perspectives on their current professional standing? What are their perspectives on current precarious employment in commercial airline piloting? Analysis of qualitative data from 28 pilots in commercial, passenger carrying airlines reveals declining professional standing and increasing precarious employment, alongside enduring aspects of professionalism. The corollary is that precarious professional employment is an emerging, pervasive type of low-cost employment system in the studied context. In terms of theoretical implications, our study highlights the need for exactness in understanding the complexities of declining professional standing and increasingly precarious employment. Our analysis offers an exact term, pilot-cariat, to encapsulate contemporary, UK-based and experienced commercial airline pilot employment. Further research may reveal more of what we call cariats in other occupations with responsibility for lives in similarly cost constrained and management agency contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-Standard Work and Innovation: Evidence from European industries (2021)
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Reljic, Jelena, Armanda Cetrulo, Valeria Cirillo & Andrea Coveri (2021): Non-Standard Work and Innovation: Evidence from European industries. (LEM working paper series / Laboratory of Economics and Management 2021,6), Pisa, 36 S.
Abstract
"Following a market-oriented approach, policies aimed at increasing labour flexibility by weakening employment protection institutions should enable firms to efficiently allocate resources, improve their capability to compete on international markets and adjust to economic cycle. This work documents the rise of non-standard (i.e. temporary and part-time) work in five European countries (Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) over the period 1994-2016 and investigate the nexus between the use of non-standard work and innovation performance using data for 18 manufacturing and 23 service industries. Contrary to the objectives that market-oriented policy recommendations promised to achieve, we show that there is a significantly negative association between the share of workers employed under non- standard contractual arrangements and the introduction of both product and process innovation. Furthermore, we show that the harmful consequences of the spread of non-standard work on firms' product innovation propensity are more pronounced in high-tech sectors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low education, high job quality? Job autonomy and learning among workers without higher education in Scandinavia, the United Kingdom and Ireland (2020)
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Aspøy, Tove Mogstad (2020): Low education, high job quality? Job autonomy and learning among workers without higher education in Scandinavia, the United Kingdom and Ireland. In: European Societies, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 188-210. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2019.1660392
Abstract
"Most comparative studies of job autonomy and learning opportunities find that workers in Scandinavian countries are better off. Recent studies have challenged these findings, showing low job quality, particularly in the lower private service sector in the Scandinavian countries. The aim of this article is to examine whether the autonomous and learning-intensive working life of Scandinavia also applies to people without higher education. It explores if there is a gap in job autonomy and informal job learning between educational groups, and if this gap varies across the social democratic systems of Sweden, Norway and Denmark on the one hand, and the liberal systems of the United Kingdom and Ireland on the other. Drawing on quantitative micro-data from PIAAC (2011/2012), this article demonstrates that Scandinavians with no education above upper secondary school do experience greater job autonomy than their counterparts in the British Isles. Moreover, the gap between educational groups in terms of job autonomy is smaller in Scandinavia than it is in the liberal systems. Regarding informal learning opportunities, the relative disadvantage among workers without higher education seems to be associated with selection into occupations with few opportunities for informal job learning, in Scandinavia as well as the British Isles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Varieties of Precarity: How Insecure Work Manifests Itself, Affects Well-Being, and Is Shaped by Social Welfare Institutions and Labor Market Policies (2020)
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Inanc, Hande (2020): Varieties of Precarity: How Insecure Work Manifests Itself, Affects Well-Being, and Is Shaped by Social Welfare Institutions and Labor Market Policies. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 47, H. 4, S. 504–511. DOI:10.1177/0730888420934539
Abstract
"Precarious Lives addresses one of the most important developments in employment relations in the neoliberal era: increase in labor precarity and the subsequent decline in employee well-being. Drawing on data on social welfare institutions and labor market policies in six rich democracies, the author shows that work is less precarious, and workers are happier, when institutions and policies provide job protection, and put in place support systems to buffer job loss." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers' (2020)
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Millán, Ana, José María Millán & Leonel Caçador-Rodrigues (2020): Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers'. In: Small business economics, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 461-474. DOI:10.1007/s11187-019-00245-7
Abstract
"In this study, we examine whether job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers', i.e. the workers in this particular grey zone between employment and self-employment, are more similar to those of the self-employed or paid employed. To this end, we use microdata drawn from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey for 34 European countries. First, we develop and validate a psychometrically sound multidimensional scale for these 3 key constructs by conducting both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Then, multilevel (hierarchical) linear regressions are used to test the validity of our hypotheses. Our results suggest that these hybrid work relationships are endowed with the least favourable attributes of both groups: lower job control than self-employed workers, higher job demands than paid employees and, overall, worse job outcomes than both." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stepping-stone or dead end: To what extent does part-time employment enable progression out of low pay for male and female employees in the UK? (2020)
Zitatform
Nightingale, Madeline (2020): Stepping-stone or dead end: To what extent does part-time employment enable progression out of low pay for male and female employees in the UK? In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 49, H. 1, S. 41-59. DOI:10.1017/S0047279419000205
Abstract
"Using data from Understanding Society and the British Household Panel Survey, this article explores the relationship between working part-time and progression out of low pay for male and female employees using a discrete-time event history model. The results show that working part-time relative to full-time decreases the likelihood of progression out of low pay, defined as earning below two-thirds of the median hourly wage. However, part-time workers who transition to full-time employment experience similar rates of progression to full-time workers. This casts doubt on the idea that part-time workers have lower progression rates because they have lower abilities or work motivation and reinforces the need to address the quality of part-time jobs in the UK labour market. The negative effect of working part-time is greater for men than for women, although women are more at risk of becoming trapped in low pay in the sense that they tend to work part-time for longer periods of time, particularly if they have children. Factors such as childcare policy and Universal Credit (UC) incentivise part-time employment for certain groups, although in the right labour market conditions UC may encourage some part-time workers to increase their working hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28 (2019)
Avlijaš, Sonja;Zitatform
Avlijaš, Sonja (2019): The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28. (LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 141), London, 76 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the prevalence of non-standard workers in EU-28, rules for accessing social security, and these workers' risk of not being able to access it. It focuses on temporary and part-time workers, and the self-employed, and offers a particularly detailed analysis of their access to unemployment benefits. It focuses on eligibility, adequacy (net income replacement rates) and identifies those workers which are at the greatest risk of either not receiving benefits or receiving low benefits. It offers a special overview of foreign non-standard workers, who may be particularly vulnerable due to the absence of citizenship in the host country. The paper also analyses access to maternity and sickness benefits for these three groups of workers, as well as their access to pensions. Its key contribution is in bringing together the different dimensions of disadvantage that non-standard workers face vis-à-vis access to social protection. This allows us to comprehensively assess the adaptation of national social security systems across EU-28 to the changing world of work over the past 10 years. The paper shows that there is a lot of variation between the Member States, both in the structure of their social security systems, as well as the prevalence of non-standard work. Most notably, the paper concludes that: i) access to unemployment benefits is the most challenging component of welfare state provision for people in non-standard employment; ii) policy reforms vis-à-vis access to social benefits have improved the status of non-standard workers in several countries, while they have worsened it in others, particularly in Bulgaria, Ireland and Latvia; iii) some Eastern European countries can offer lessons to other Member States due to their experiences with labour market challenges during transition and the subsequent adaptations of their social security systems to greater labour market flexibility. The paper also implies that a country's policy towards nonstandard work" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time employment as a way to increase women's employment: (Where) does it work? (2019)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Paolo, Giorgio Cutuli, Raffaele Guetto & Stefani Scherer (2019): Part-time employment as a way to increase women's employment: (Where) does it work? In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 60, H. 4, S. 249-268. DOI:10.1177/0020715219849463
Abstract
"Part-time employment has repeatedly been proposed as a solution for integrating women into the labor market; however, empirical evidence supporting a causal link is mixed. In this text, we investigate the extent to which increasing part-time employment is a valid means of augmenting women's labor market participation. We pay particular attention to the institutional context and the related characteristics of part-time employment in European countries to test the conditions under which this solution is a viable option. The results reveal that part-time employment may strengthen female employment in Continental Europe and especially in Southern Europe, where an increase in part-time employment - even if it is demand-side driven - leads to greater employment participation among women. We also discuss some policy implications and trade-offs: Although part-time work can lead to higher numbers of employed women, it does so at the cost of increasing gendered labor market segregation. We analyze data from the European Labor Force Survey (EU-LFS) 1992 - 2011 for 19 countries and 188 regions and exploit regional variation over time while controlling for time-constant regional characteristics, time-varying regional labor market features, and (time-varying) confounding factors at the national level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Not working: Where have all the good jobs gone? (2019)
Zitatform
Blanchflower, David G. (2019): Not working: Where have all the good jobs gone? Princeton Univ. Press 440 S.
Abstract
"Don't trust low unemployment numbers as proof that the labor market is doing fine - it isn't. Not Working is about those who can't find full-time work at a decent wage - the underemployed - and how their plight is contributing to widespread despair, a worsening drug epidemic, and the unchecked rise of right-wing populism. In this revelatory and outspoken book, David Blanchflower draws on his acclaimed work in the economics of labor and well-being to explain why today's postrecession economy is vastly different from what came before. He calls out our leaders and policymakers for failing to see the Great Recession coming, and for their continued failure to address one of the most unacknowledged social catastrophes of our time. Blanchflower shows how many workers are underemployed or have simply given up trying to find a well-paying job, how wage growth has not returned to prerecession levels despite rosy employment indicators, and how general prosperity has not returned since the crash of 2008.
Standard economic measures are often blind to these forgotten workers, which is why Blanchflower practices the 'economics of walking about' - seeing for himself how ordinary people are faring under the recovery, and taking seriously what they say and do. Not Working is his candid report on how the young and the less skilled are among the worst casualties of underemployment, how immigrants are taking the blame, and how the epidemic of unhappiness and self-destruction will continue to spread unless we deal with it." (Publisher's text, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Labour market segmentation: Piloting new empirical and policy analyses: labour market change (2019)
Cruz, Irene; Vacas-Soriano, Carlos; Verd, Joan Miquel ; Patrini, Valentina; Paulauskaite, Elma; Molina, Oscar ; Venckutė, Milda; Dumčius, Rimantas;Zitatform
Cruz, Irene, Oscar Molina, Joan Miquel Verd, Elma Paulauskaite, Rimantas Dumčius, Milda Venckutė, Valentina Patrini & Carlos Vacas-Soriano (2019): Labour market segmentation: Piloting new empirical and policy analyses. Labour market change. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 88 S. DOI:10.2806/751649
Abstract
"This report sets out to describe what labour market segmentation is and why it is problematic for the labour market and society, as well as disadvantaged groups. It takes a broad view of the term to examine the situation that arises when the divergence in working conditions between different groups of workers is attributable to factors other than differentials in human capital levels. The report explores which policies or instruments are most effective in combating labour market segmentation, taking into account specific situational characteristics. The report offers a novel approach to the study of labour market segmentation that combines a quantitative empirical analysis with a policy analysis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Willing to pay for security: A discrete choice experiment to analyse labour supply preferences (2019)
Datta, Nikhil;Zitatform
Datta, Nikhil (2019): Willing to pay for security: A discrete choice experiment to analyse labour supply preferences. (CEP discussion paper 1632), London, 60 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the extent to which labour supply preferences are responsible for the marked rise in atypical work arrangements in the UK and US. By employing vignettes in a discrete job choice experiment in a representative survey, I estimate the distribution for preferences and willingness -to-pay over various job attributes. The list of attributes includes key distinguishing factors of typical and atypical work arrangements, such as security, work-related benefits, flexibility, autonomy and taxation implications. The results are indicative that the majority of the population prefer characteristics associated with traditional employee -employer relationships, and this preference holds even when analysing just the sub- sample of those in atypical work arrangements. Additionally, preferences across the UK and US are very similar, despite differences in labour market regulations. Rather than suggesting that labour supply preferences have contributed to the increase in atypical work arrangements, I find that the changing nature of work is likely to have significant negative welfare implications for many workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe (2019)
Dimova, Dilyana;Zitatform
Dimova, Dilyana (2019): The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe. (IMF working paper 2019,67), Washington, DC, 41 S.
Abstract
"The labor share in Europe has been on a downward trend. This paper finds that the decline is concentrated in manufacture and among low- to mid-skilled workers. The shifting nature of employment away from full-time jobs and a rollback of employment protection, unemployment benefits and unemployment benefits have been the main contributors. Technology and globalization hurt sectors where jobs are routinizable but helped others that require specialized skills. High-skilled professionals gained labor share driven by productivity aided by flexible work environments, while low- and mid-skilled workers lost labor share owing to globalization and the erosion of labor market safety nets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Geringqualifizierte in Deutschland: Beschäftigung, Entlohnung und Erwerbsverläufe im Wandel (2019)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner, Paul Marx, Florian Wozny, Carolin Linckh, Tanja Schmidt & Verena Tobsch (2019): Geringqualifizierte in Deutschland. Beschäftigung, Entlohnung und Erwerbsverläufe im Wandel. (IZA research report 91), Bonn, 118 S.
Abstract
"Für gering qualifizierte Personen, so wird oft argumentiert, ist das Risiko besonders groß, im Zuge von Globalisierung und Automatisierung ihren Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren, in Arbeitslosigkeit zu verbleiben oder ein Beschäftigungsverhältnis von nur geringer Qualität aufnehmen zu können. Vor diesem Hintergrund bietet es sich an, empirisch zu untersuchen, wie sich die Erwerbssituation gering qualifizierter Personen in Deutschland und anderen europäischen Ländern verändert hat. Lassen sich Verbesserungen oder Verschlechterungen bei der Erwerbsintegration einerseits und bei der Qualität der Arbeitsverhältnisse andererseits erkennen?
Im ersten empirischen Abschnitt dieser Studie wird die Entwicklung der Erwerbstätigkeit Geringqualifizierter über die Zeit in Ost- und Westdeutschland im Hinblick auf die Kriterien Niveau, Erwerbsformen, Entlohnung und ausgeübter Beruf sowie weitere Variablen untersucht. Darüber hinaus ist es besonders relevant, die Lage gering qualifizierter Personen im Zeitablauf zu verfolgen und nachzuzeichnen, welche typischen Muster es im Erwerbsleben dieser Menschen in der Querschnittsbetrachtung seit den 1980er-Jahren gegeben hat. Der entsprechenden Analyse individueller Erwerbsverläufe widmet sich der dann folgende Abschnitt mithilfe von Sequenzanalysen. Die Rolle von Institutionen des Arbeitsmarkts und des Sozialstaats wird schließlich im internationalen Vergleich genauer untersucht.
Zusammenfassend lässt sich für die Querschnittsbetrachtung festhalten, dass der Rückgang des Anteils der Geringqualifizierten an der Bevölkerung und die zunehmende Erwerbsbeteiligung dieser Personengruppe, insbesondere in Ostdeutschland, zunächst positiv zu bewerten sind. Während jedoch die Anteile der Inaktiven in den letzten 25 bis 30 Jahren bei Geringqualifizierten besonders stark rückläufig waren, ist die Arbeitslosenquote sowohl in West- als auch in Ostdeutschland im Kreis der Geringqualifizierten stärker gestiegen als in dem der Mittelqualifizierten. Niveauunterschiede der Erwerbsbeteiligung zeigen sich zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland sowohl bei den Gering- als auch bei den Mittelqualifizierten. Der Frauenanteil in der Gruppe der Geringqualifizierten ist im Lauf der Zeit deutlich gesunken. Die vermehrte Teilnahme der Geringqualifizierten am Erwerbsleben geht allerdings mit einem größeren Anteil gering entlohnter Beschäftigung sowie häufigerer Berufstätigkeit im Rahmen von atypischen Verträgen einher. Gleichzeitig haben sich die für Geringqualifizierte erreichbaren Berufsfelder von einfacheren industriellen Tätigkeiten hin zu Hilfstätigkeiten im Dienstleistungssektor verlagert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: -
Literaturhinweis
The construction of career aspirations amongst healthcare support workers: Beyond the rational and the mundane? (2019)
Zitatform
Kessler, Ian, Stephen Bach & Vandana Nath (2019): The construction of career aspirations amongst healthcare support workers. Beyond the rational and the mundane? In: Industrial relations journal, Jg. 50, H. 2, S. 150-167. DOI:10.1111/irj.12245
Abstract
"This article engages with a literature that views the limited career aspirations of low-paid, low-status workers as a reasonable response to material and structural constraints. Based on four hospital trust cases studies, the article contests this view, revealing how healthcare support workers in NHS England have retained the cognitive capacity to override such constraints to develop a strong and authentic career goal to become a nurse. This goal is acknowledged by the healthcare support workers themselves as unlikely to be achieved and is therefore presented as a flight from rationality. Its emergence is explained by workplace interactions that allow such an ambition to become taken-for-granted. The article deepens understanding of career ambitions amongst low-paid, low-status workers, while adding weight to a literature suggesting that career aspirations can be driven by values and norms, not only by a means-end rationality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Looking beyond average earnings: why are male and female part-time employees in the UK more likely to be low paid than their full-time counterparts? (2019)
Zitatform
Nightingale, Madeline (2019): Looking beyond average earnings: why are male and female part-time employees in the UK more likely to be low paid than their full-time counterparts? In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 131-148. DOI:10.1177/0950017018796471
Abstract
"This article uses Labour Force Survey data to examine why male and female part-time employees in the UK are more likely to be low paid than their full-time counterparts. This 'low pay penalty' is found to be just as large, if not larger, for men compared to women. For both men and women, differences in worker characteristics account for a relatively small proportion of the part-time low pay gap. Of greater importance is the unequal distribution of part-time jobs across the labour market, in particular the close relationship between part-time employment and social class. Using a selection model to adjust for the individual's estimated propensity to be in (full-time) employment adds a modest amount of explanatory power. Particularly for men, a large 'unexplained' component is identified, indicating that even with a similar human capital and labour market profile part-time workers are more likely than full-time workers to be low paid." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious lives: job insecurity and well-being in rich democracies (2018)
Kalleberg, Arne L.;Zitatform
Kalleberg, Arne L. (2018): Precarious lives. Job insecurity and well-being in rich democracies. Cambridge: Polity Press, 248 S.
Abstract
"Employment relations in advanced, post-industrial democracies have become increasingly insecure and uncertain as the risks associated with work are being shifted from employers and governments to workers. Arne L. Kalleberg sets out to examine the impact of the liberalization of labor markets and welfare systems on the growth of precarious work and job insecurity for indicators of well-being such as economic insecurity, family formation and happiness, in six advanced capitalist democracies: the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Spain, and Denmark. This insightful cross-national analysis demonstrates how active labor market policies and generous social welfare systems can help to protect workers and give employers latitude as they seek to adapt to the rise of national and global competition and the rapidity of sweeping technological changes. Such policies thereby form elements of a new social contract that offers the potential for addressing many of the major challenges resulting from the rise of precarious work." (Publisher's text, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Normalarbeit: Nur Vergangenheit oder auch Zukunft? (2018)
Zitatform
Muckenhuber, Johanna, Josef Hödl & Martin Griesbacher (Hrsg.) (2018): Normalarbeit. Nur Vergangenheit oder auch Zukunft? (Gesellschaft der Unterschiede 37), Bielefeld: Transcript, 357 S.
Abstract
"Im Zuge der breit und kontinuierlich geführten Debatte um 'atypische' Beschäftigungsverhältnisse als gesellschaftliche Herausforderung ist das 'typische' Normalarbeitsverhältnis zunehmend aus dem Fokus des Interesses gerückt. Doch was verstehen wir unter Normalarbeit? Welche Erwartungen sind mit ihr verbunden? Ist sie ein Bild der Vergangenheit oder ein Weg in die Zukunft der Arbeit?
Die Beiträge des Bandes liefern eine vertiefte kritisch-interdisziplinäre Auseinandersetzung mit dem Konzept und der Wirklichkeit von 'Normalarbeit' und behandeln ihre begrifflichen Rahmenlinien und Entstehungsbedingungen. Aspekte der Arbeitszeit und Besonderheiten der Kompetenzanforderungen sowie beruflichen Qualifikation werden ebenso thematisiert wie interessenpolitische Perspektiven." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis und Leseprobe vom Verlag -
Literaturhinweis
Challenges and contradictions in the "normalising" of precarious work (2018)
Zitatform
Rubery, Jill, Damian Grimshaw, Arjan Keizer & Mathew Johnson (2018): Challenges and contradictions in the "normalising" of precarious work. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 509-527. DOI:10.1177/0950017017751790
Abstract
"Precarious work is increasingly considered the new 'norm' to which employment and social protection systems must adjust. This article explores the contradictions and tensions that arise from different processes of normalisation driven by social policies that simultaneously decommodify and recommodify labour. An expanded framework of decommodification is presented that identifies how the standard employment relationship (SER) may be extended and flexibilised to include those in precarious work, drawing examples from a recent study of precarious work across six European countries. These decommodification processes are found to be both partial and, in some cases, coexisting with activation policies that position precarious work as an alternative to unemployment, thereby recommodifying labour. Despite these challenges and contradictions, the article argues that a new vision of SER reform promises greater inclusion than alternative policy scenarios that give up on the regulation of employers and rely on state subsidies to mitigate against precariousness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The new normal of working lives: critical studies in contemporary work and employment (2018)
Zitatform
Taylor, Stephanie & Susan Luckman (Hrsg.) (2018): The new normal of working lives. Critical studies in contemporary work and employment. (Dynamics of virtual work), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 356 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-66038-7
Abstract
"This critical, international and interdisciplinary edited collection investigates the new normal of work and employment, presenting research on the experience of the workers themselves. The collection explores the formation of contemporary worker subjects, and the privilege or disadvantage in play around gender, class, age and national location within the global workforce.
Organised around the three areas of: creative working, digital working lives, and transitions and transformations, its fifteen chapters examine in detail the emerging norms of work and work activities in a range of occupations and locations. It also investigates the coping strategies adopted by workers to manage novel difficulties and life circumstances, and their understandings of the possibilities, trajectories, mobilities, identities and potential rewards of their work situations." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Inhalt: Stephanie Taylor, Susan Luckman Collection Introduction: The 'New Normal' of Working Lives (1-15);
Part I Creative Working ;
Susan Luckman, Jane Andrew: Online Selling and the Growth of Home-Based Craft Micro-enterprise: The 'New Normal' of Women's Self-(under)Employment (19-39);
Ana Alacovska: Hope Labour Revisited: Post-socialist Creative Workers and Their Methods of Hope (41-63);
Karen Cross: From Visual Discipline to Love-Work: The Feminising of Photographic Expertise in the Age of Social Media (65-85);
Frédérick Harry Pitts: Creative Labour, Before and After 'Going Freelance': Contextual Factors and Coalition-Building Practices (87-107);
Frédérik Lesage: Searching, Sorting, and Managing Glut: Media Software Inscription Strategies for 'Being Creative' (109-126);
Part II Digital Working Lives ;
Katariina Mäkinen: Negotiating the Intimate and the Professional in Mom Blogging (129-146);
Daniel Ashton, Karen Patel: Vlogging Careers: Everyday Expertise, Collaboration and Authenticity (147-169);
Johanna Koroma, Matti Vartiainen: From Presence to Multipresence: Mobile Knowledge Workers' Densified Hours (171-200);
Iva Josefssonn: Affectual Demands and the Creative Worker: Experiencing Selves and Emotions in the Creative Organisation (201-217);
Silvia Ivaldi, Ivana Pais, Giuseppe Scaratti: Coworking(s) in the Plural: Coworking Spaces and New Ways of Managing (219-241);
Part III Transitions and Transformations ;
Kori Allan: 'Investment in Me': Uncertain Futures and Debt in the Intern Economy (245-263);
Hanna-Mari Ikonen: Letting Them Get Close: Entrepreneurial Work and the New Normal (265-283);
Elin Vadelius: Self-Employment in Elderly Care: A Way to Self-Fulfilment or Self-Exploitation for Professionals? (285-308);
Ingrid Biese, Marta Choroszewicz: Creating Alternative Solutions for Work: Expertences of Women Managers and Lawyers in Poland and the USA (309-325);
Stephanie Taylor: Beyond Work? New Expectations and Aspirations (327-345). -
Literaturhinweis
Posting and agency work in British construction and hospitality: the role of regulation in differentiating the experiences of migrants (2017)
Zitatform
Alberti, Gabriella & Sonila Danaj (2017): Posting and agency work in British construction and hospitality. The role of regulation in differentiating the experiences of migrants. In: The international journal of human resource management, Jg. 28, H. 21, S. 3065-3088. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2017.1365746
Abstract
"This article engages with IHRM debates on the transnational regulation of labour, exploring how migration policy and work fragmentation affect employment dynamics in multi-employer settings. It draws from two qualitative case studies on migrant workers in British hospitality and construction, focusing on regulatory outcomes of the Agency Worker Directive, the Posting of Workers Directive and the Tier System of immigration. The findings illustrate how workers' experiences are critically shaped by the combination of their migration and employment statuses in the context of firms' restructuring strategies and transnational labour mobility. Temporal employment constraints and exclusion from equal treatment linked to migrant status, combined with labour subcontracting across the sectors, produce intensification of work, inferior terms and conditions, greater insecurity and dependence for migrant temporary workers. The main argument is that increasing differentiation between categories of migrant workers goes beyond the simple distinction of EU and Third Country Nationals, and is produced by the exceptional regulatory spaces into which these migrants are locked. Highlighting the combined influence of migration regulation and management restructuring practices, the article proposes a re-theorisation of IHRM that includes migration perspectives into the study of management changes and labour regulation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? (2017)
Zitatform
Dekker, Fabian & Romke van der Veen (2017): Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 256-270. DOI:10.1177/0143831X14563946
Abstract
"Today, there is a widespread suggestion that permanent workers are increasingly subject to precarious working conditions. Due to international competition and declining union density, job qualities of permanent workers are assumed to be under strain. According to proponents of a democratization of risk rationale, low job qualities that were traditionally attached to secondary labour markets are transferred to workers in primary segments of the labour market. In this study, the authors test this theoretical rationale among workers in 11 Western European economies, using two waves of the European Working Conditions Survey. The results do not confirm a democratization of labour market risk. Lower job qualities are highly associated with flexible employment contracts and highlight a clear gap between insiders and outsiders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation?: cross-country firm-level evidence (2017)
Zitatform
Dräger, Vanessa & Paul Marx (2017): Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation? Cross-country firm-level evidence. In: ILR review, Jg. 70, H. 4, S. 942-975. DOI:10.1177/0019793916687718
Abstract
"The growth of temporary employment is one of the most important transformations of labor markets in the past decades. Theoretically, firms' exposure to short-term workload fluctuations is a major determinant of employing temporary workers when employment protection for permanent workers is high. The authors investigate this relationship empirically with establishment-level data in a broad comparative framework. They create two novel data sets by merging 1) data on 18,500 European firms with 2) measures of labor-market institutions for 20 countries. Results show that fluctuations increase the probability of hiring temporary workers by 8 percentage points in countries with strict employment protection laws. No such effect is observed in countries with weaker employment protections. Results are robust to subgroups, subsamples, and alternative estimation strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Considering national varieties in the temporary staffing industry and institutional change: Evidence from the UK and Germany (2017)
Zitatform
Ferreira, Jennifer (2017): Considering national varieties in the temporary staffing industry and institutional change. Evidence from the UK and Germany. In: European Urban and Regional Studies, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 241-257. DOI:10.1177/0969776416651663
Abstract
"The temporary staffing industry has experienced significant growth in recent decades across many countries and sectors. The particular characteristics of the temporary staffing industry are influenced by the national institutional context in which they are embedded. This article presents empirical findings to investigate the concept of a national temporary staffing industry using two case studies, the UK and Germany. Through analysis of two national markets for temporary staffing, the article discusses the importance of investigating the wider institutional environment in which an industry is embedded, the interactions and interdependencies between the actors involved, and the relationships and activities through which an industry is co-created and constituted. Theoretically, this article seeks to stress the importance of considering how institutional systems change, rather than focusing on characteristics used to categorise socio-economic systems. Empirically, this article reveals the features and developments of two national temporary staffing industries within Europe. This advances our understanding of changes in the temporary staffing industry in two European settings, and also highlights the importance of considering geographically specific national varieties of economic systems as dynamic institutional ecologies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational health and safety of temporary and agency workers (2017)
Zitatform
Hopkins, Benjamin (2017): Occupational health and safety of temporary and agency workers. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 609-628. DOI:10.1177/0143831X15581424
Abstract
"Previous quantitative studies have established a link between precarious work and occupational health and safety (OHS). Using an ethnographically informed qualitative approach, this article investigates the workplace experiences of different types of precarious workers, in particular those who are directly-employed temporary workers and those who are engaged through an agency. Drawing on the work of Andrew Hopkins, the article finds cultural practices that lead to worsened OHS experiences for those who are engaged through an agency. These experiences include inadequate safety training, poor quality personal protective equipment and a lack of clarity of supervisory roles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structural invisibility of outsiders: the role of migrant labour in the meat-processing industry (2017)
Zitatform
Lever, John & Paul Milbourne (2017): The structural invisibility of outsiders. The role of migrant labour in the meat-processing industry. In: Sociology, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 306-322. DOI:10.1177/0038038515616354
Abstract
"This article examines the role of migrant workers in meat-processing factories in the UK. Drawing on materials from mixed methods research in a number of case study towns across Wales, we explore the structural and spatial processes that position migrant workers as outsiders. While state policy and immigration controls are often presented as a way of protecting migrant workers from work-based exploitation and ensuring jobs for British workers, our research highlights that the situation 'on the ground' is more complex. We argue that 'self-exploitation' among the migrant workforce is linked to the strategies of employers and the organisation of work, and that hyper-flexible work patterns have reinforced the spatial and social invisibilities of migrant workers in this sector. While this creates problems for migrant workers, we conclude that it is beneficial to supermarkets looking to supply consumers with the regular supply of cheap food to which they have become accustomed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parental nonstandard work schedules during infancy and children's BMI trajectories (2017)
Zitatform
Zilanawala, Afshin, Jessica Abell, Steven Bell, Elizabeth Webb & Rebecca Lacey (2017): Parental nonstandard work schedules during infancy and children's BMI trajectories. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 37, S. 709-726. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.22
Abstract
"Background: Empirical evidence has demonstrated adverse associations between parental nonstandard work schedules (i.e., evenings, nights, or weekends) and child developmental outcomes. However, there are mixed findings concerning the relationship between parental nonstandard employment and children's body mass index (BMI), and few studies have incorporated information on paternal work schedules.
Objective: This paper investigated BMI trajectories from early to middle childhood (ages 3 - 11) by parental work schedules at 9 months of age, using nationally representative cohort data from the United Kingdom. This study is the first to examine the link between nonstandard work schedules and children's BMI in the United Kingdom.
Methods: We used data from the Millennium Cohort Study (2001?2013, n = 13,021) to estimate trajectories in BMI, using data from ages 3, 5, 7, and 11 years. Joint parental work schedules and a range of biological, socioeconomic, and psychosocial covariates were assessed in the initial interviews at 9 months.
Results: Compared to children in two-parent families where parents worked standard shifts, we found steeper BMI growth trajectories for children in two-parent families where both parents worked nonstandard shifts and children in single-parent families whose mothers worked a standard shift. Fathers' shift work, compared to standard shifts, was independently associated with significant increases in BMI.
Conclusions: Future public health initiatives focused on reducing the risk of rapid BMI gain in childhood can potentially consider the disruptions to family processes resulting from working nonstandard hours.
Contribution: Children in families in which both parents work nonstandard schedules had steeper BMI growth trajectories across the first decade of life. Fathers' nonstandard shifts were independently associated with increases in BMI." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa (2016)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Julia Bredtmann (2016): Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 270-298. DOI:10.1515/zfwp-2016-0017
Abstract
"Befristete Verträge werden in vielen Ländern der Europäischen Union als Instrument, Arbeitsmärkte flexibel zu gestalten, eingesetzt. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass die befristete Beschäftigung nur bedingt die Durchlässigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte unterstützt. Zwar erleichtert sie teilweise den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt aber auch zu instabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten, die mit einer geringen Sprungbrettfunktion der befristeten Beschäftigung einhergehen. Um nachhaltige Beschäftigung zu schaffen, erscheinen Reformen des Kündigungsschutzes, die Übergange in reguläre Jobs erleichtern, sowie Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung als sinnvolle Alternativen" (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Exclusionary employment in Britain's broken labour market (2016)
Zitatform
Bailey, Nick (2016): Exclusionary employment in Britain's broken labour market. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 82-103. DOI:10.1177/0261018315601800
Abstract
"There is growing evidence of the problematic nature of the UK's 'flexible labour market' with rising levels of in-work poverty and insecurity. Yet successive governments have stressed that paid work is the route to inclusion, focussing attention on the divide between employed and unemployed. Past efforts to measure social exclusion have tended to make the same distinction. The aim of this article is to apply Levitas et al.'s (2007) framework to assess levels of exclusionary employment, i.e. exclusion arising directly from an individual's labour market situation. Using data from the Poverty and Social Exclusion UK survey, results show that one in three adults in paid work is in poverty, or in insecure or poor quality employment. One third of this group have not seen any progression in their labour market situation in the last five years. The policy focus needs to shift from 'Broken Britain' to Britain's broken labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Bünning, Mareike & Matthias Pollmann-Schult (2016): Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe. In: European Societies, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 295-314. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2016.1153698
Abstract
"An increasing proportion of the European labor force works in the evening, at night or on weekends. Because nonstandard work schedules are associated with a number of negative outcomes for families and children, parents may seek to avoid such schedules. However, for parents with insufficient access to formal child care, working nonstandard hours or days may be an adaptive strategy used to manage child-care needs. It enables 'split-shift' parenting, where parents work alternate schedules, allowing one of the two to be at home looking after the children. This study examines the prevalence of nonstandard work schedules among parents and nonparents in 22 European countries. Specifically, we ask whether the provision of formal child care influences the extent to which parents of preschool-aged children work nonstandard schedules. Using data from the European Social Survey and multilevel models, we find evidence that the availability of formal child care reduces nonstandard work among parents. This indicates that access to formal child care enables parents to work standard schedules. To the extent that nonstandard work schedules are negatively associated with child wellbeing, access to formal child care protects children from the adverse effects of their parents' evening and night work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market regulation and the 'competition state': an analysis of the implementation of the Agency Working Regulations in the UK (2016)
Zitatform
Forde, Chris & Gary Slater (2016): Labour market regulation and the 'competition state'. An analysis of the implementation of the Agency Working Regulations in the UK. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 590-606. DOI:10.1177/0950017015622917
Abstract
"This article examines the changing role of the state, through an analysis of the development and implementation of the EU Temporary Agency Work Directive in the UK. The article outlines and utilizes the concept of the 'competition state' to help frame and comprehend the UK Government's approach to negotiating and shaping the Directive. Using archival, secondary and primary research, the article shows how the state continues to exercise important choices nationally and internationally which, in turn, have profound implications for the operation of labour markets. The article shows how, despite a veneer of fairness, the state has developed a regulatory instrument which provides uneven protection for workers, favours the actions of employers, promotes further flexibility in the use of temporary labour contracts and, by taking advantage of compromises at the European level, creates further market-making opportunities for well-established large agencies in the sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard work: what's it worth?: comparing alternative measures of workers' marginal willingness to pay (2016)
Zitatform
Geraci, Andrea & Mark Bryan (2016): Non-standard work: what's it worth? Comparing alternative measures of workers' marginal willingness to pay. (ISER working paper 2016-12), Colchester, 36 S.
Abstract
"We compare two alternative ways of measuring workers' marginal willingness to pay (MWP) for four non-standard working arrangements: flexitime, part-time, night work, and rotating shifts. The first method is based on job-to-job transitions within a job search framework, while the second is based on estimating the determinants of subjective well-being. Using BHPS panel data from 1991-2008, we relate differences in the results to conceptual differences between utility and subjective wellbeing proposed recently in the happiness literature. We conclude that there is not a single representation of MWP: utility trade-offs (revealed by choices) need not be the same as wellbeing trade-offs; and we find evidence that subjective wellbeing is traded off against other goods that provide utility. Overall, we find that workers care particularly about their number of weekly hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hanging in, but only just: part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen, Ive Marx & Brian Nolan (2016): Hanging in, but only just. Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0053-6
Abstract
"The crisis has deepened pre-existing concerns regarding low-wage and non-standard employment. Countries where unemployment increased most strongly during the crisis period also saw part-time employment increasing, particularly involuntary part-time work. With involuntary part-time workers, as a particular group of underemployed, facing especially high poverty rates, this was accompanied by an increase, on average, in the poverty risk associated with working part-time. However, this was not reflected in a marked increase in the overall in-work poverty rate because full-time work remains dominant and its poverty risk did not change markedly. The household context is of the essence when considering policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment, temporary work and subjective well-being: gendered effect of spousal labour market insecurity in the United Kingdom (2016)
Zitatform
Inanc, Hande (2016): Unemployment, temporary work and subjective well-being. Gendered effect of spousal labour market insecurity in the United Kingdom. (OECD statistics working paper 2016,04), Paris, 36 S. DOI:10.1787/5jlz6qjsf36c-en
Abstract
This paper investigates the extent to which unemployment and temporary work - two forms of labour market insecurity - affect different aspects of subjective well-being (i.e. life satisfaction, psychological well-being and satisfaction with partnership) among legally married and cohabiting couples in the United Kingdom. Drawing on matched data for couples from the British Household Panel Study, the paper shows that both forms of labour market insecurity, when experienced by the male partner, lower significantly the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of the female partner; women's temporary work also slightly lowers men's psychological well-being. The impact of spousal labour market insecurity depends, however, on the employment status of the individual: after controlling for financial strain, psychological well-being and life-satisfaction of both partners in a couple are hampered the most when men are economically dependent on their female partners. In the case of partnership satisfaction, results differ from the other two subjective well-being outcomes: while unemployment of the female partner is associated with higher satisfaction for men, partnership satisfaction is particularly low when both partners experience either form of labour market insecurity. These effects are robust after controlling for fixed individual characteristics that can influence both employment status and well-being outcomes.
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Literaturhinweis
The structure of the permanent job wage premium: evidence from Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2016): The structure of the permanent job wage premium. Evidence from Europe. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 149-178. DOI:10.1111/irel.12129
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for thirteen countries during 1995-2001, I investigate the wage premium for permanent jobs relative to temporary jobs. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. I find that among men the wage premium for a permanent vs. temporary job is lower for older workers and native born workers; for women, the permanent job wage premium is lower for older workers and those with longer job tenure. Moreover, there is some evidence that among immigrant men, the permanent job premium is especially high for those who migrated from outside the European Union. These findings all suggest that the gain to promotion into permanent jobs is indeed higher for those with less experience in the domestic labor market. In contrast to the effects for the young and immigrants, the permanent job pay premium is slightly smaller on average for women than for men, even though on average women have less experience in the labor market than men do. It is possible that women even in permanent jobs are in segregated labor markets. But as noted, among women, the permanent job wage premium is higher for the young and those with less current tenure, suggesting that even in the female labor market, employers pay attention to experience differences." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mothers' non-standard working and childcare-related challenges: a comparison between lone and coupled mothers (2016)
Zitatform
Moilanen, Sanna, Vanessa May, Eija Räikkönen, Eija Sevón & Marja-Leena Laakso (2016): Mothers' non-standard working and childcare-related challenges. A comparison between lone and coupled mothers. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 36, H. 1/2, S. 36-52. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-11-2014-0094
Abstract
"Purpose
- The purpose of this paper is to particularly focus on lone-mother families, comparing the childcare-related challenges experienced by working lone mothers and coupled mothers in three European countries in the context of a 24/7 economy and non-standard working hours (e.g. evening, night and weekend work).
Design/methodology/approach
- This study utilises survey data from Finnish, Dutch and British working mothers (n=1,106) collected as part of the 'Families 24/7' research project. Multivariate regression analysis is used to analyse the associations between childcare-related challenges, maternal non-standard working, lone motherhood and country of residence.
Findings
- The results indicated similar results across the three countries by showing that working lone mothers experience childcare-related challenges more often compared with coupled mothers. Furthermore, an increase in maternal non-standard working associated positively with increased childcare-related challenges in both lone mother and coupled families but lone motherhood did not moderate this association. The findings suggest that, regardless of family form, families in all three countries struggle with childcare arrangements when the mother works during non-standard hours. This possibly relates to the inadequate provision of state-subsidised and flexible formal childcare during non-standard hours and to the country-specific maternal work hours cultures.
Originality/value
- This study responds to the need for comparative research on the reconciliation of maternal non-standard working and childcare with self-collected data from three European welfare states. The importance of the study is further highlighted by the risks posed to the maintenance of maternal employment and family well-being when reconciliation of work and childcare is unsuccessful, especially in lone-mother families." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Dualization or liberalization?: Investigating precarious work in eight European countries (2016)
Zitatform
Prosser, Thomas (2016): Dualization or liberalization? Investigating precarious work in eight European countries. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 949-965. DOI:10.1177/0950017015609036
Abstract
"A recent upsurge in the incidence of precarious work in Europe necessitates fresh examination of the origins of this trend. On the basis of field research in eight European countries and with reference to theories of liberalization and dualization, the factors that drive precarious work in discrete European labour markets are thus investigated. It is discovered that, while a structural-demographic factor such as non-compliance with labour law is a notable progenitor of precarious work, the deregulatory strategies of public authorities are particularly significant drivers. In conclusion it is asserted that although the theory of dualization helps explain developments in conservative-corporatist countries, in Anglophone and Mediterranean countries liberalization theory is generally more apposite. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries emerge as a hybrid case." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypische Beschäftigung in Europa: Herausforderungen für die Alterssicherung und die gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung (2016)
Schulze Buschoff, Karin;Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2016): Atypische Beschäftigung in Europa. Herausforderungen für die Alterssicherung und die gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung. (WSI study 01), Düsseldorf, 57 S.
Abstract
"- Mehr als ein Drittel der europäischen Erwerbstätigen arbeiten inzwischen in 'atypischen' Beschäftigungsformen, Tendenz steigend. Insofern bereits 'normal' geworden sind beispielsweise in den Niederlanden die Teilzeitbeschäftigung, in Italien die Solo-Selbstständigkeit und in Polen die befristete Beschäftigung sowie Werkverträge.
- Die Einkommen von atypisch Beschäftigten liegen in der Regel unter dem Durchschnitt. Atypisch beschäftigt sind vor allem Frauen. Nur im Bereich der Solo-Selbstständigkeit sind die Männer in der Mehrzahl, Frauen holen jedoch auch hier auf.
- Atypische Beschäftigungen sind mit einer hohen Dynamik, das heißt einer Vielzahl von Übergangen von einer Beschäftigungsform zu einer anderen, sowie einem erhöhten Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko und entsprechend diskontinuierlichem Einkommen verbunden. Dies hat besondere Implikationen für die soziale Sicherung, vor allem für die Alterssicherung.
- Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheinen Alterssicherungssysteme überlegen, die unabhängig von der Erwerbsbiografie eine (armutsvermeidende) Grundsicherung gewährleisten (gute Beispiele Niederlande und Dänemark, schlechtes Beispiel Großbritannien). Zunehmend problematisch werden staatliche Alterssicherungssysteme, die sich stark am Äquivalenzprinzip orientieren, beitragsbezogen und versicherungsbasiert sind (Polen, Italien und Deutschland).
- Gewerkschaftliche Vertretungsrechte für 'atypisch Beschäftigte' sind oftmals rechtlich eingeschränkt, nicht nur in Programmländern der Troika wurden sie in den letzten Jahren noch weiter reduziert. In jüngerer Zeit lassen sich jedoch eine Anzahl von erfolgversprechenden gewerkschaftlichen Strategien im Umgang mit atypischer und oftmals prekärer Beschäftigung identifizieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets: an occupational perspective (2015)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner & Paul Marx (Hrsg.) (2015): Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets. An occupational perspective. Cheltenham: Elgar, 435 S. DOI:10.4337/9781781001721
Abstract
"Examining the occupational variation within non-standard employment, this book combines case studies and comparative writing to illustrate how and why alternative occupational employment patterns are formed.
Non-standard employment has grown significantly in most developed economies, varying between countries. Different institutional settings have been deemed accountable for this variation, although inadequate consideration has been given to differences within national labour markets. Through an occupational perspective, this book contends that patterns of non-standard employment are shaped by flexibility in hiring and firing practices and the dispensability of workers' skills. The framework integrates explanations based on labour market regulation, industrial relations and skill supply, filling the gaps in previous scholastic research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Flexiblework and immigration in Europe (2015)
Zitatform
Raess, Damian & Brian Burgoon (2015): Flexiblework and immigration in Europe. In: BJIR, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 94-111. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12022
Abstract
"Immigration has risen substantially in many European economies, with farreaching if still uncertain implications for labour markets and industrial relations. This article investigates such implications, focusing on employment flexibility, involving both 'external flexibility' (fixed-term or temporary agency and/or involuntary part-time work) and 'internal flexibility' (overtime and/or balancing-time accounts). The article identifies reasons why immigration should generally increase the incidence of such flexibility, and why external flexibility should rise more than internal flexibility. The article supports these claims using a dataset of establishments in 16 European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Atypische Beschäftigung" wird normal, aber haben die Rentensysteme bereits reagiert?: ein Vergleich von sechs europäischen Ländern (2015)
Schulze Buschoff, Karin;Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2015): "Atypische Beschäftigung" wird normal, aber haben die Rentensysteme bereits reagiert? Ein Vergleich von sechs europäischen Ländern. (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Perspektive), Berlin, 9 S.
Abstract
"- Mehr als ein Drittel der europäischen Erwerbstätigen arbeiten inzwischen in 'atypischen ' Beschäftigungsformen, Tendenz steigend. Insofern bereits 'normal' geworden sind beispielsweise in den Niederlanden die Teilzeitbeschäftigung, in Italien die Solo-Selbstständigkeit und in Polen die befristete Beschäftigung sowie Werkverträge.
- Die Einkommen von atypisch Beschäftigten liegen in der Regel unter dem Durchschnitt. Atypisch beschäftigt sind vor allem Frauen. Nur im Bereich der Solo-Selbstständigkeit sind die Männer in der Mehrzahl, Frauen holen jedoch auch hier auf.
- Atypische Beschäftigungen sind mit einer hohen Dynamik, das heißt einer Vielzahl von Übergängen von einer Beschäftigungsform zu einer anderen, einem erhöhten Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko und entsprechend diskontinuierlichem Einkommen verbunden. Dies hat besondere Implikationen für die soziale Sicherung, vor allem für die Alterssicherung.
- Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheinen Alterssicherungssysteme überlegen, die unabhängig von der Erwerbsbiografie eine (armutsvermeidende ) Grundsicherung gewährleisten (gute Beispiele Niederlande und Dänemark, schlechtes Beispiel Großbritannien). Zunehmend problematisch werden staatliche Alterssicherungssysteme, die sich stark am Äquivalenzprinzip orientieren, beitragsbezogen und versicherungsbasiert sind (Polen, Italien und Deutschland).
- Gewerkschaftliche Vertretungsrechte für 'atypisch Beschäftigte' sind oftmals rechtlich eingeschränkt, nicht nur in Programmländern der Troika wurden sie in den letzten Jahren noch weiter reduziert. In jüngerer Zeit lassen sich jedoch eine Anzahl von erfolgversprechenden gewerkschaftlichen Strategien im Umgang mit atypischer und oftmals prekärer Beschäftigung identifizieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
English version -
Literaturhinweis
Dual labour markets and (lack of) on-the-job training: PIAAC evidence from Spain and other EU countries (2014)
Zitatform
Cabrales, Antonio, Juan J. Dolado & Ricardo Mora (2014): Dual labour markets and (lack of) on-the-job training. PIAAC evidence from Spain and other EU countries. (IZA discussion paper 8649), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"Using the Spanish micro data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), we first document how the excessive gap in employment protection between indefinite and temporary workers leads to large differentials in on-the-job training (OTJ) against the latter. Next, we find that that the lower specific training received by temporary workers is correlated with lower literacy and numeracy scores achieved in the PIAAC study. Finally, we provide further PIAAC cross-country evidence showing that OJT gaps are quite lower in those European labour markets where dualism is less entrenched than in those where it is more extended." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term and temporary: teaching fellows, tactics, and the negotiation of contingent labour in the UK higher education system (2014)
Peters, Kimberley; Turner, Jennifer;Zitatform
Peters, Kimberley & Jennifer Turner (2014): Fixed-term and temporary: teaching fellows, tactics, and the negotiation of contingent labour in the UK higher education system. In: Environment and Planning. A, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Jg. 46, H. 10, S. 2317-2331. DOI:10.1068/a46294
Abstract
"This paper autobiographically considers the role of teaching-only staff as a contingent labour force in the contemporary higher education system in the UK. The aims are twofold. First, whilst much attention has been paid to the role of the research fellow, there has been less consideration, in the UK context, of the teaching fellow as an alternate form of postdoctoral experience. Accordingly, this paper gives voice to the teaching fellow -- a member of academic staff who is not allocated writing and research time as part of their contract -- whose views are often marginalised in ongoing debates concerning the plays of power in the neoliberalised academy. Second, the paper raises these voices to bring into consciousness the impacts of the teaching fellow experience for the fellows themselves and the faculties they work in. It is argued that teaching fellows face challenging circumstances with regard to their career trajectories in the academy. Accordingly, this paper considers the ways in which fellows, through tactics of place-making, presence and visibility, and collaboration, negotiate the challenging structural and institutional conditions that underscore their contracts. It is contended that exploring the teaching-only workforce is vital for critically assessing the workings of the contemporary academy and questioning the unequal power relations that shape work places in a culture where contingent labour is expanding; becoming less of a fixed-term and temporary feature of the university system but, rather, a stable and enduring one." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of the EU equal-treatment legislation Directive for fixed-term workers: evidence from the UK (2014)
Zitatform
Salvatori, Andrea (2014): The effects of the EU equal-treatment legislation Directive for fixed-term workers. Evidence from the UK. (ISER working paper 2014-21), Colchester, 28 S.
Abstract
"In 2002, the United Kingdom implemented the EU directive mandating equal treatment of fixed-term and permanent workers. This paper uses eleven years of data from the Labour Force Survey to assess whether the new legislation has led to a decrease in the average wage gap between fixed-term and permanent workers. For women, there is no evidence of that. For men, the wage gap appears to have closed after 2002. However, this gap was falling even before 2002 and some evidence of changes in the selection of workers after the implementation of the Directive cast doubts on the extent to which the closing of the gap can be ascribed to the new legislation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity and well-being in the temporary workforce: testing volition and contract expectations as boundary conditions (2013)
Zitatform
Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, Thomas Rigotti, Michael Clinton & Jeroen de Jong (2013): Job insecurity and well-being in the temporary workforce. Testing volition and contract expectations as boundary conditions. In: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 203-217. DOI:10.1080/1359432X.2011.647409
Abstract
"This study investigates whether temporary contract volition and workers' expectations for contract renewal are boundary conditions to explain differences in temporary workers' job insecurity feelings and well-being. It is hypothesized that (1) low volition through higher job insecurity indirectly associates with lower well-being and that (2) temporary workers' expectations of contract renewal weakens the links between both low volition and high job insecurity and high job insecurity and impaired well-being. Results based on an international data set of 1755 temporary workers employed in the education, manufacturing, and service sectors supported the first hypothesis and partly also the second. More specifically, low preferences for temporary contracts associated via higher job insecurity with lower job satisfaction, impaired health, and higher irritation. Contract expectations placed a boundary condition upon this indirect relation; however, the negative association between high job insecurity and impaired well-being was not weakened but strengthened. In conclusion, particularly temporary workers with low contract volition and high job insecurity feelings, who have high expectations for contract renewal are at risk for impaired well-being. Hence, this study sheds light onto the question how volition for temporary work and expected contract renewal relate to job insecurity and associate with individual well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The employment of temporary agency workers in the UK: with or against the trade unions? (2013)
Zitatform
Böheim, René & Martina Zweimüller (2013): The employment of temporary agency workers in the UK. With or against the trade unions? In: Economica, Jg. 80, H. 317, S. 65-95. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2012.00935.x
Abstract
"Trade unions will oppose the employment of temporary agency workers if it is a move to replace workers or to curb union power. Alternatively, trade unions may encourage the employment of agency workers if it leads to higher wages for their members. Using British data from 1998 and 2004, we find no evidence for a negative association between trade union activity and the hiring of agency workers. Wages are typically higher in unionized workplaces; however, the trade union premium is lower in the presence of agency workers. Our results suggest that trade unions cannot effectively oppose the hiring of agency workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is a temporary job better than unemployment?: a cross-country comparison based on British, German, and Swiss panel data (2013)
Zitatform
Gebel, Michael (2013): Is a temporary job better than unemployment? A cross-country comparison based on British, German, and Swiss panel data. In: Schmollers Jahrbuch, Jg. 133, H. 2, S. 143-155. DOI:10.3790/schm.133.2.143
Abstract
"While many previous studies on temporary work have found disadvantages for temporary workers compared to workers with a permanent contract, this study makes the comparison to the alternative of unemployment. Applying a dynamic propensity-score matching approach based on British, German, and Swiss panel data, it is shown that taking up a temporary job increases the employment chances during the subsequent five years in Germany and the United Kingdom. Moreover, the chances of having a permanent contract remain higher and a persistent wage premium can be found. In contrast, no long-run advantages can be found in the case of the flexible Swiss labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is a temporary job better than unemployment?: a cross-country comparison based on British, German, and Swiss panel data (2013)
Zitatform
Gebel, Michael (2013): Is a temporary job better than unemployment? A cross-country comparison based on British, German, and Swiss panel data. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 543), Berlin, 32 S.
Abstract
"While many previous studies on temporary work have found disadvantages for temporary workers as compared to workers with a permanent contract, this study compares temporary work to the alternative of unemployment. Specifically, this paper investigates the potential integrative power of taking up a temporary job for unemployed workers as compared to the counterfactual situation of remaining unemployed and searching for another job. Applying a dynamic propensity-score matching approach based on British, (West and East) German, and Swiss panel data during the period of 1991 - 2009, it is shown that taking up a temporary job increases the employment chances during the subsequent five years in (West and East) Germany and the UK. Moreover, the chances of having a permanent contract remain higher and a persistent wage premium can be found during the subsequent five years of the career. Advantages of taking up a temporary job are slightly stronger in West Germany compared to East Germany, where temporary contracts are often based on public job creation measures with limited integration potential. Neither long-run advantages nor disadvantages of taking up a temporary job can be found in the case of the flexible Swiss labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment in Europe: paradigms, prevalence and policy responses (2013)
Koch, Max ; Ibanez Rojo, Rafel; Holst, Hajo; Horemans, Jeroen; Fritz, Martin ; Rodríguez, Carlos J. Fernández; Barbier, Jean-Claude; Koch, Max ; Dörre, Klaus; Kretsos, Lefteris ; Furäker, Bengt; Lancker Van, Wim; Alonso, Luis Enrique; Martinez Lucio, Miguel; Fritz, Martin ; Marx, Ive ; Buchner-Jeziorska, Anna; Matkovic, Teo; Sola, Jorge; O'Connor, Julia S.;Zitatform
Koch, Max & Martin Fritz (Hrsg.) (2013): Non-standard employment in Europe. Paradigms, prevalence and policy responses. (Work and welfare in Europe), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 246 S.
Abstract
"'Non-standard' employment is becoming more common. Fewer people are working full-time and/or have permanent employment contracts; more are working part-time, have fixed-term contracts or are self-employed. Many scholars have pointed to the negative consequences of this development, including 'precarious' forms of employment and in-work poverty. This volume provides a thorough theoretical and empirical analysis of these processes by understanding the 'destandardization' of employment in Europe and the associated modifications in socio-economic regulation both at national and EU level. The book provides country studies of the UK, Spain, Germany, Poland, Croatia, and the Nordic countries and offers comparative European analyses of part-time and fixed-term employment in relation to in-work poverty, exclusion and anomie. Emphasis is on 'best practice' in the governance of non-standard employment. Is there evidence for a new and socially inclusive European employment standard?" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity: evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries (2013)
Zitatform
Lisi, Domenico (2013): The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity. Evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 119-144., 2013-01-01. DOI:10.1007/s12651-013-0127-0
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren ermöglichten neue, auf Branchenebene verfügbare Daten eine genauere Evaluation des Einflusses der Arbeitsmarktpolitik als frühere ländervergleichende Analysen. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein branchenspezifisches Panel genutzt, um den Einfluss des Kündigungsschutzes auf befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse in den EU-Ländern zu ermitteln. Die Vorteile dieser Datengrundlage sind vielfältig. Die Methode nutzt sowohl die internationale Variation beim Kündigungsschutz für befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse als auch die Variation von Branche zu Branche. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Literatur wenden wir die Idee der unterschiedlichen Bindungskraft des Kündigungsschutzes nur für unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an, während wir für befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse eine andere Strategie anwenden, die eine genauere Identifikation des Effekts unbefristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf die Arbeitsproduktivität ermöglicht. Die theoretische Literatur erlaubt noch keine klare Vorhersage zum Vorzeichen dieses Effekts, da unterschiedliche überzeugende Gründe für Effekte in beide Richtungen bestehen. Daher haben die Ergebnisse der Analyse möglicherweise wichtige politische Implikationen. Unsere Haupterkenntnis ist, dass befristete Verträge einen negativen, wenn auch sehr geringen Effekt auf die Arbeitsproduktivität haben. Desweiteren bestätigt die Analyse, dass Kündigungsschutz bei regulären Arbeitsverträgen das Wachstum der Arbeitsproduktivität in den Branchen drosselt, die auf eine stärkere Beschäftigungsallokation angewiesen sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
All work and no pay: consequences of unpaid work in the creative industries (2013)
Zitatform
Siebert, Sabina & Fiona Wilson (2013): All work and no pay: consequences of unpaid work in the creative industries. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 27, H. 4, S. 711-721. DOI:10.1177/0950017012474708
Abstract
"This research note evaluates the benefits and pitfalls of unpaid work as an entry route into employment in the creative industries and investigates the consequences of this practice for those who already work in the sector. Based on a qualitative study of perspectives of stakeholders in unpaid work, this article argues that the social capital thesis, often used as a rationale for unpaid work, inadequately explains the practice of unpaid work experience, primarily because it does not take cognisance of the consequences of this practice for other people working in the sector. The study also highlights methodological issues that need to be considered in the future. As well as the importance of a plurality of stakeholder perspectives, the study emphasizes the need to consider the perspectives of those who are excluded from unpaid work and those who are potentially displaced by it." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The ins and outs of unemployment in a two-tier labor market (2013)
Zitatform
Silva, Jose I. & Javier Vázquez-Grenno (2013): The ins and outs of unemployment in a two-tier labor market. In: Labour economics, Jg. 24, H. October, S. 161-169. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2013.08.009
Abstract
"This paper aims to shed some light on the dynamics of the Spanish labor market, using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey for the period 1987 to 2010. We examine transition rates in a three-state model and compare our results with those reported for the UK and the US. Explicitly, introducing the employment duality present in the Spanish labor market, we study labor market dynamics in a four-state model set-up and we compute the contribution of the different transitions rates to unemployment fluctuations. Our main findings are as follows: i) around 85% the employment - unemployment gross flows involve temporary contracts; ii) the transition rates involving temporary employment account for around 60% of the fluctuations in the unemployment rate; iii) almost 80% of the unemployment rate volatility - explained by movements between unemployment and employment - involves the transition rates to/from temporary jobs. Our overall conclusion points out that the employment duality is the key to understanding the unemployment volatility and the functioning of the Spanish labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do temporary agency workers affect workplace performance? (2012)
Zitatform
Bryson, Alex (2012): Do temporary agency workers affect workplace performance? (NIESR discussion paper 392), London, 22 S.
Abstract
"Using nationally representative workplace data we find the use of temporary agency workers (TAW) is positively associated with financial performance in the British private sector and weakly associated with higher sales per employee. However TAW is not associated with value added per employee. Employees in workplaces with TAW receive higher wages than observationally equivalent employees in non-TAW workplaces. But the presence of TAW in the employee's occupation is associated with lower wages for employees in that occupation. Furthermore, conditioning on wages, the presence of TAW at the workplace is associated with lower job satisfaction and higher job anxiety among employees. These findings are consistent with TAW having an adverse effect on employees' experiences at work, perhaps due a more labour intensive regime, one which is only partly compensated for with higher wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are temporary workers discriminated against?: evidence from Europe (2012)
Zitatform
Comi, Simona & Mara Grasseni (2012): Are temporary workers discriminated against? Evidence from Europe. In: The Manchester School, Jg. 80, H. 1, S. 28-50. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9957.2011.02231.x
Abstract
"We analyse the wage gap between temporary and permanent jobs in nine European countries using a semiparametric approach and evaluate the wage gap across the entire wage distribution. We show that in some countries the fixed-term wage gap decreases as higher quantiles are considered, and that having a fixed-term contract penalizes more workers located at the bottom of the earnings distribution. We find also that workers with the same characteristics as temporary workers would receive higher wages if they worked on permanent contracts in almost all the countries considered, and that this finding is stable across the entire wage distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of part-time work on women's occupational mobility in Britain: evidence from the 1958 Birth Cohort Study (2012)
Zitatform
Dex, Shirley & Erzsébet Bukodi (2012): The effects of part-time work on women's occupational mobility in Britain. Evidence from the 1958 Birth Cohort Study. In: National Institute Economic Review, Jg. 222, H. 1, S. R20-R37. DOI:10.1177/002795011222200103
Abstract
"The effects of working part time on job downgrading and upgrading are examined over the life course of British women born in 1958. We use longitudinal data with complete work histories from a large-scale nationally representative cohort study. Occupations were ranked by their hourly average earnings. Analyses show a strong link between full-time/part-time transitions and downward and upward occupational mobility over the course of up to thirty years of employment. Probabilities of occupational mobility were affected by women's personal traits, occupational characteristics and demand-side factors. Downward mobility on moving from full-time to part-time work was more likely for women at the top levels of the occupational hierarchy working in male-dominated or mixed occupations and less likely in higher occupations with more part-time jobs available." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The influence of changing hours of work on women's life satisfaction (2012)
Zitatform
Gash, Vanessa, Antje Mertens & Laura Romeu Gordo (2012): The influence of changing hours of work on women's life satisfaction. In: The Manchester School, Jg. 80, H. 1, S. 51-74. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9957.2011.02255.x
Abstract
"This paper asks whether moving to part-time work makes women happy. Previous research on labour supply has assumed that as workers freely choose their optimal working hours on the basis of their innate preferences and the hourly wage rate, outcome reflects preference. This paper tests this assumption by measuring the impact of changes in working hours on life satisfaction in two countries (the UK and Germany using the German Socio-Economic Panel and the British Household Panel Survey). We find decreases in working hours bring about positive and significant improvement on well-being for women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Alternativen zu Mini- und Midijobs? Die Beispiele Frankreich und Vereinigtes Königreich (2012)
Zitatform
Herzog-Stein, Alexander & Werner Sesselmeier (2012): Alternativen zu Mini- und Midijobs? Die Beispiele Frankreich und Vereinigtes Königreich. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 65, H. 1, S. 41-49. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2012-1-41
Abstract
"Mit den 2003 eingeführten Minijobs waren die Zielvorstellungen verbunden, näher an die Normalarbeitsverhältnisse heranzurücken, zudem Übergänge zu diesen zu schaffen, aber auch im Unterschied zu den Normalarbeitsverhältnissen so attraktiv für die Arbeitnehmer zu sein, dass damit schattenwirtschaftliche Tätigkeiten abgebaut würden. Trotz des hohen Umfangs an Minijobs scheint man den damit verbundenen Zielen nicht näher gekommen zu sein. Der Beitrag untersucht vergleichbare Instrumente im Vereinigten Königreich und in Frankreich. In beiden Ländern existieren explizite Lohnzuschüsse, die im Unterschied zu Deutschland im Einkommensteuersystem verankert sind, in Kombination mit Förderschwellen und Mindestlöhnen. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass die Brückenfunktion mit dieser Instrumentenkombination effektiver funktioniert als die Minijob-Regelungen in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The European world of temporary employment (2012)
Zitatform
Lancker, Wim Van (2012): The European world of temporary employment. In: European Societies, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 83-111. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.638082
Abstract
"Departing from growing concerns about in-work poverty and the proliferation of flexible employment, we investigate the association between temporary employment and poverty in a European comparative perspective. In doing so, we focus specifically on possible gender dimensions, because some are concerned that the impact of flexible employment on income security will be different for men and women and that gender inequality will increase. By means of a logistic multilevel model, we analyse recent EU-SILC data for 24 European countries. The results show that the temporarily employed have a higher poverty risk vis-à-vis permanent workers, mainly caused by lower wages. However, the risk factors to become working poor are similar. The poorly educated, young workers and those living in a single earner household with dependent children have an increased probability to live in poverty, whether they are employed on temporary or permanent basis. Differences between European welfare regimes demonstrate that policy constellations influence the magnitude of these risk factors. Counter-intuitively, temporary working women have a lower poverty risk than their male counterparts. They are better protected because they are more often secondary earners in a dual earning household, while men are more often primary earners. This article advances knowledge on the linkages between temporary employment, economic insecurity and gender differences in European welfare states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Union threat and non-union employment: a natural experiment on the use of temporary employment in British firms (2012)
Zitatform
Salvatori, Andrea (2012): Union threat and non-union employment. A natural experiment on the use of temporary employment in British firms. In: Labour economics, Jg. 19, H. 6, S. 944-956. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2012.07.007
Abstract
"This paper presents the first empirical evidence on the effect of the threat of unionisation on the use of a predominantly non-union type of employment, i.e. temporary employment. The identification strategy exploits an exogenous variation in union threat induced in the UK by new legislation enabling unions to obtain recognition even against the will of the management. The analysis finds no evidence of an effect on the probability that a firm employs fixed-term workers, and some weak evidence of a negative effect on the probability of using agency workers. Furthermore, estimates of the effect on the share of temporary employment are negative and statistically insignificant. Overall, therefore, there is no support for the hypothesis that firms under the threat of unionisation are more likely to use this type of non-union employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time work and health among older workers in Ireland and Britain (2011)
Zitatform
Gannon, Brenda & Jennifer Roberts (2011): Part-time work and health among older workers in Ireland and Britain. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 43, H. 30, S. 4749-4757. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2010.498354
Abstract
"Part-Time (PT) work is viewed as a viable option for people who wish to have a gradual transition to retirement. From a policy viewpoint, this may help to alleviate some labour supply shortages and fiscal pressures, especially in the context of the ageing population. Factors such as health or pension provision may influence a person's decision to work PT. This article considers the impact of health on the work decision of people aged 50 and over in the UK and Ireland. Methodological issues are discussed and the impact of unobserved individual effects is estimated using the Mundlak (1978) estimator applied to the multinomial probit model. We find that health problems increase the probability of retirement for this age group in both countries. In Britain, those with health problems are less likely to work full time and more likely to work PT, however in Ireland, health problems appear to have no effect on the probability of PT work. This article discusses the potential reasons for these impacts and current policies on PT work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job attitudes, behaviours and well-being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel (2011)
Zitatform
Gracia, Francisco J., Jose Ramos, José María Peiró, Amparo Caballer & Beatriz Sora (2011): Job attitudes, behaviours and well-being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 150, H. 3/4, S. 235-254. DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2011.00115.x
Abstract
"Applying an innovative typology based on preference for temporary employment and perceived employability, the authors empirically examine four types of temporary workers (and a group of permanent workers for comparison). In a sample of 1,300 employees from six countries, they find significant differences between the four types on a broad set of variables - including demographic and job characteristics, attitude and insecurity - but not in life satisfaction and well-being. They conclude with an argument against the equation of temporary employment with low-skilled workers unable to find a permanent job, stressing the valuable implications of more sensitive research for policy-making on flexicurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does job satisfaction adapt to working conditions?: an empirical analysis for rotating shift work, flextime, and temporary employment in UK (2011)
Hanglberger, Dominik;Zitatform
Hanglberger, Dominik (2011): Does job satisfaction adapt to working conditions? An empirical analysis for rotating shift work, flextime, and temporary employment in UK. (FFB-Diskussionspapier 87), Lüneburg, 18 S.
Abstract
"Die Adaptionstheorie - basierend auf dem hedonic treadmill model - wurde in mehreren Studien hauptsächlich von Psychologen und Ökonomen empirisch überprüft. Der Schwerpunkt wurde dabei auf die Auswirkungen einzelner Lebensereignisse auf globale subjektive Wohlfahrtsindikatoren (Lebenszufriedenheit/Happiness) gelegt. Auf die Zufriedenheit mit einzelnen Lebensbereichen wurde die Adaptionstheorie bislang kaum angewendet. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es deshalb zu untersuchen, inwiefern die Arbeitszufriedenheit von Adaptionseffekten beeinflusst wird und welche Umstände einer individuellen Adaption an veränderte Arbeitsbedingungen förderlich bzw. hinderlich ist? Dazu analysieren wir auf Basis von bis zu 18 Wellen des British Household Panel Surveys (BHPS), wie abhängig Beschäftigte in ihrer subjektiven Bewertung der Arbeitssituation auf die Einführung von Gleitzeitregelungen, die Arbeit in Wechselschichtsystemen und befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse reagieren. Unsere auf fixed-effects Regressionsmodellen basierenden Analysen zeigen, dass das Adaptionspotential je nach Arbeitsplatzmerkmal deutlich variiert. Während positive Effekte von Gleitzeitregelungen auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit voll adaptiert werden, findet sich für die befristete Beschäftigung nur eine teilweise Adaption. Für die Arbeit in Wechselschichtsystemen zeigt sich ein dauerhaft negativer Effekt auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit, also kein Adaptionseffekt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Estimating the use of agency workers: can family-friendly practices reduce their use? (2011)
Zitatform
Heywood, John S., W. S. Siebert & Xiangdong Wei (2011): Estimating the use of agency workers. Can family-friendly practices reduce their use? In: Industrial relations, Jg. 50, H. 3, S. 535-564. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.2011.00645.x
Abstract
"This paper uses establishment data to estimate the determinants of using agency workers. It contends that there is a class of family-friendly practices including workplace nurseries, flexitime, home working, and job sharing that promote the norm of the ''ideal worker'' who concentrates on work. Because such practices increase the ability of employers to direct worker effort, they will be associated with a lower use of agency workers. Our findings confirm this hypothesis. The implication is that any growth in family-friendly practices may work against the ongoing expansion in agency jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Outsourcing the procurement of agency workers: the impact of vendor managed services in English social care (2011)
Zitatform
Hoque, Kim, Ian Kirkpatrick, Chris Lonsdale & Alex de Ruyter (2011): Outsourcing the procurement of agency workers. The impact of vendor managed services in English social care. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 25, H. 3, S. 522-539. DOI:10.1177/0950017011407971
Abstract
"In recent years marked changes have occurred in the way employers recruit and select agency workers, with this activity increasingly being outsourced to third party organizations providing 'vendor managed services' (VMS). Drawing on data from a study of English social services, this article explores the consequences of this outsourcing. The findings reveal that although VMS has delivered cost savings, it has also resulted in less effective placement matching, rising line manager workloads and concerns about service quality. In the conclusion the wider implications of VMS for the future development of partnerships between employers and employment agencies are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The unequal incidence of non-standard employment across occupational groups: an empirical analysis of post-industrial labour markets in Germany and Europe (2011)
Zitatform
Marx, Paul (2011): The unequal incidence of non-standard employment across occupational groups. An empirical analysis of post-industrial labour markets in Germany and Europe. (IZA discussion paper 5521), Bonn, 23 S.
Abstract
"The paper addresses an often neglected question in labour market research: to which extent do outcomes aggregated on the national level disguise occupational diversity in employment conditions? In particular, how and why do occupational groups differ with regard to the incidence of non-standard employment? To explore these questions, the paper derives a detailed occupational scheme from the literature, capturing the variety of labour market outcomes within countries. In a second step, the scheme is theoretically linked to the topic of non-standard work. It is argued that different degrees of skill specificity across occupational groups produce diverging incentives for flexible and long-term employment, respectively. This leads to the expectation of (some) service-sector occupations showing stronger tendencies towards non-standard employment than those in the industrial sector. Based on European and German micro data, the categorisation is used to decompose various labour market indicators. The results clearly demonstrate the unequal incidence of non-standard employment along the lines of the suggested categorisation. Moreover, the longitudinal perspective suggests that traditionally functioning occupational groups will be crowded out by more destandardised ones." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Geringfügige Beschäftigung in Österreich (2011)
Riesenfelder, Andreas; Schelepa, Susi; Wetzel, Petra;Zitatform
Riesenfelder, Andreas, Susi Schelepa & Petra Wetzel (2011): Geringfügige Beschäftigung in Österreich. (Sozialpolitische Studienreihe 09), Wien, 412 S.
Abstract
"L&R Sozialforschung führte im Jahr 2002 in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Staatswissenschaften der Universität Wien und im Auftrag des BMASK eine umfassende Grundlagenstudie zur Beschäftigungssituation und sozialen und materiellen Absicherung von geringfügig Beschäftigten in Österreich durch. Die Erkenntnisse aus der Studie sollen u. a. dazu beitragen, das Informationsangebot für geringfügig Beschäftigte bedarfsorientierter zu gestalten.
In der Studie finden sich detaillierte Erhebungen zur Frage der Arbeitszufriedenheit und zur Arbeitsbelastung. Zusätzlich wurde auch auf eine Darstellung der Branchen und Wirtschaftsbereiche der Arbeitsplätze geringfügig Beschäftigter im Jahresvergleich geachtet. Des Weiteren ist auch eine Erhebung zu arbeitsrechtlichen Problemen im Zusammenhang mit geringfügigen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und zum Stand der Information der geringfügig Beschäftigten über ihre rechtlichen Ansprüche enthalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Ähnliche Treffer
frühere (möglw. abweichende) VersionWeiterführende Informationen
Zusammenfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Union threat and non-union employment: A natural experiment on the use of temporary employment in British firms (2011)
Zitatform
Salvatori, Andrea (2011): Union threat and non-union employment: A natural experiment on the use of temporary employment in British firms. (IZA discussion paper 5574), Bonn, 36 S.
Abstract
"This paper presents the first empirical evidence on the effect of the threat of unionisation on the use of a predominantly non-union type of employment, i.e. temporary employment. The identification strategy exploits an exogenous variation in union threat induced in the UK by new legislation enabling unions to obtain recognition even against the will of the management. The analysis finds no evidence of an effect on the probability that a firm employs fixed-term workers, and some weak evidence of a negative effect on the probability of using agency workers. Overall, therefore, there is no support for the hypothesis that firms under the threat of unionisation are more likely to use this type of non-union employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary contracts and monopsony power in the UK labour market (2011)
Zitatform
Tabasso, Domenico (2011): Temporary contracts and monopsony power in the UK labour market. (IZA discussion paper 5867), Bonn, 39 S.
Abstract
"This paper addresses the applicability of the theory of equalizing differences (Rosen, 1987) in a market in which temporary and permanent workers co-exist. The assumption of perfect competition in the labour market is directly questioned and a model is developed in which the labour market is described as a duopsony and the relation between wage and non-monetary job characteristics is studied for workers with different contract lengths. The empirical analysis, based on several waves of the UK Labour Force Data, confirms several of the hypotheses suggested by the model and emphasizes how in the short run workers who have experienced a change in their employer can expect a career trajectory in line with the theory on compensating differentials. In particular, while the wage dynamic related to workers shifting from a temporary contract to another temporary position cannot be exactly predicted, shifts from temporary to permanent contracts tend to be linked to a reduction in wages and a simultaneous increase in travel-to-work distance. Nonetheless, when unobserved characteristics are accounted for in the selection process into temporary contracts, these results lose significance and only a positive relation between wage and commuting time persists, irrespective of the type of contract." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migration, immigration controls and the fashioning of precarious workers (2010)
Zitatform
Anderson, Bridget (2010): Migration, immigration controls and the fashioning of precarious workers. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 24, H. 2, S. 300-317. DOI:10.1177/0950017010362141
Abstract
"Immigration controls are often presented by government as a means of ensuring 'British jobs for British workers' and protecting migrants from exploitation. However, in practice they can undermine labour protections. As well as a tap regulating the flow of labour, immigration controls function as a mould, helping to form types of labour with particular relations to employers and the labour market. In particular, the construction of institutionalised uncertainty, together with less formalised migratory processes, help produce 'precarious workers' over whom employers and labour users have particular mechanisms of control." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dual tracks: part-time work in life-cycle employment for British women (2010)
Zitatform
Connolly, Sara & Mary Gregory (2010): Dual tracks: part-time work in life-cycle employment for British women. In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 907-931. DOI:10.1007/s00148-009-0249-4
Abstract
"Forty percent of working women in the UK work part-time; does part-time work support a woman's labour market career or frustrate it? Cohort data on women's labour market involvement to age 42 show highly varied pathways through full-time/part-time/non-employment. Part-time work can be part of two different pathways in women's labour supply for persistent workers and marginal workers. A history of full-time work, even including part-time or non-employment spells, tends to lead back to full-time work, indicating that part-time work supports a career. However, part-time work combined with non-employment is a trap against the resumption of full-time work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Early career consequences of temporary employment in Germany and the UK (2010)
Zitatform
Gebel, Michael (2010): Early career consequences of temporary employment in Germany and the UK. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 641-660. DOI:10.1177/0950017010380645
Abstract
"This article investigates the effects of temporary employment at labour market entry on subsequent individual careers, drawing on data from the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) from the period 1991 to 2007. The results show that German temporarily employed entrants suffer from higher initial wage penalties and risks of temporary employment cycles but that all differences compared to entrants with permanent contracts diminish after five years. The integration scenario works more effectively in the UK, where disadvantages are less pronounced and employment losses are primarily related to further education. Moreover, these tendencies vary by education groups and gender. Disadvantages of initial temporary employment are weaker for women in Germany, while gender differences in the UK apparently have less impact. Across borders, temporary contracts are associated with greater initial but vanishing wage penalties and temporary employment cycles for tertiary graduates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment contracts, psychological contracts, and employee well-being: an international study (2010)
Zitatform
Guest, David E., Kerstin Isaksson & Hans De Witte (Hrsg.) (2010): Employment contracts, psychological contracts, and employee well-being. An international study. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 327 S.
Abstract
"Temporary employment has become a focus of policy debate, theory, and research. The book addresses as its core concern the relationship between temporary employment contracts and employee well-being. It does so within the analytic framework of the psychological contract, and advances theory and knowledge about the psychological contract by exploring it from a variety of perspectives. It also sets the psychological contract within the context of a range of other potential influences on work-related well-being including workload, job insecurity, employability, and organizational support. A key aim of the book is to identify the relative importance of these various potential influences on well-being.
The book covers seven countries; Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK, as well as Israel as a comparator outside Europe. Data were collected from over 5,000 workers in over 200 organizations; and from both permanent and temporary workers as well as from employers.
The book's conclusions are interesting and controversial. The central finding is that contrary to expectations, temporary workers report higher well-being than permanent workers. As expected, a range of factors help to explain variations in work-related well-being and the research highlights the important role of the psychological contract. However, even after taking into account alternative explanations, the significant influence of type of employment contract remains, with temporary workers reporting higher well-being. In addition to this core finding, by exploring several aspects of the psychological contract, and taking into account both employer and employee perspectives, the book sheds new light on the nature and role of the psychological contract. It also raises some challenging policy questions and while acknowledging the potentially precarious nature of temporary jobs, highlights the need to consider the increasingly demanding nature of permanent jobs and their effects on the well-being of employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Dependent self-employment: workers between employment and self-employment in the UK (2009)
Zitatform
Böheim, René & Ulrike Mühlberger (2009): Dependent self-employment: workers between employment and self-employment in the UK. In: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung, Jg. 42, H. 2, S. 182-195. DOI:10.1007/s12651-009-0014-x
Abstract
"Mit einer Analyse der britischen Arbeitskräfteerhebung zeigen wir, dass abhängig Selbständige neben den Beschäftigten und den 'normalen' Selbständigen eine eigenständige Kategorie im Arbeitsmarkt begründen. Abhängig Selbständige haben ein volatileres Arbeitsmarktverhalten als Beschäftigte und normal Selbständige. Wir zeigen empirisch, dass abhängig Selbständige eher in diesen Arbeitsmarkstatus gedrängt, als davon angezogen werden, was abhängige Selbständigkeit zu einem Beispiel des 'necessity entrepreneurship' (im Gegensatz zum 'opportunity entrepreneurship') macht. Obwohl die Daten nur eine beschränkte Längsschnittsanalyse erlauben, können wir dennoch zeigen, dass die Mehrheit der abhängig Selbständigen am Arbeitsmarkt bleiben - entweder als Selbständige oder Beschäftigte - und nur wenige innerhalb eines Jahres den Arbeitsmarkt verlassen. Abhängig Selbständige schaffen kaum Arbeitsplätze für andere Personen und sie hören meist dann auf abhängig selbständig zu sein, wenn sie für mehrere Auftraggeber zu arbeiten beginnen oder in eine Beschäftigung wechseln." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The part-time pay penalty: earnings trajectories of British women (2009)
Zitatform
Connolly, Sara & Mary Gregory (2009): The part-time pay penalty. Earnings trajectories of British women. In: Oxford economic papers, Jg. 61, H. S1, S. i76-i97. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpn043
Abstract
"Part-time work among British women is extensive, and the (raw) pay penalty large. Since part-time work features most prominently when women are in their 30s, the peak childcare years and a crucial period for career building, its impact on subsequent earnings trajectories is important from a social as well as individual perspective. We find that part-time work experience gives a very low return in future earnings, particularly when acquired in lower-skill jobs. In addition, one-quarter of women in high-skill jobs downgrade occupationally on switching to part-time work, rising to 43% among those who also change employer. In combination these effects give an immediate earnings drop of 32%, followed by a permanently lower trajectory. It is these accompanying changes, rather than part-time status itself, which damage earnings. Return to full-time work, even with reversal of the occupational downgrading, brings only a partial recovery; without it the earnings losses continue to grow." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Transitioning between temporary and permanent employment: a two-wave study on the entrapment, the stepping stone and the selection hypothesis (2009)
Zitatform
Cuyper, Nele de, Guy Notelaers & Hans de Witte (2009): Transitioning between temporary and permanent employment. A two-wave study on the entrapment, the stepping stone and the selection hypothesis. In: Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Jg. 82, H. 1, S. 67-88. DOI:10.1348/096317908X299755
Abstract
"The two-wave study investigates how transitioning between temporary and permanent employment relates to a number of psychological consequences; namely, work engagement, affective organizational commitment, life satisfaction, and turnover intention. We hypothesize that temporary employment associates with unfavourable outcomes when it is a trap (entrapment hypothesis), while no such unfavourable outcomes are expected for those who transition to permanent employment (stepping stone hypothesis). Furthermore, we investigate the assumption that transitioning from permanent to temporary employment relates to unfavourable outcomes. Finally, we investigate dynamics related to selection into temporary or permanent employment. Hypotheses are tested on a sample of 1,475 workers. The results show that continuous temporary employment does not relate to unfavourable outcomes over time, while gaining permanent employment associates with increased work engagement. Also, permanent workers who transition to temporary employment are more engaged and committed after transitioning. No evidence for possible selection mechanisms is found." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Built on shifting sands: Changes in employers' use of contingent labour in the UK construction sector (2009)
Zitatform
Forde, Chris, Robert MacKenzie & Andrew Robinson (2009): Built on shifting sands: Changes in employers' use of contingent labour in the UK construction sector. In: Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 51, H. 5, S. 653-667. DOI:10.1177/0022185609346182
Abstract
"There has been widespread interest across various national contexts in employers' use of contingent forms of labour. The tendency to conflate different contract types into catch-all categories has increasingly given way to recognition of the differences between forms of labour. Despite this, systematic comparisons of employers' attitudes to different forms of labour remain an underdeveloped area of research. Drawing on an original survey of the UK construction sector this paper offers new insight into employers' attitudes to different forms of contingent labour and tracks changes in their use. Uniquely, the analysis of movement between different forms of labour goes beyond approaches that focus on the dichotomy between direct and contingent labour to trace a more complex pattern of movement between the different contingent forms. This more nuanced picture of changing patterns of employers' use of contingent labour suggests an area for development in future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working part-time in the British, German and Dutch labour market: scarring for the wage career? (2009)
Zitatform
Fouarge, Didier & Ruud Muffels (2009): Working part-time in the British, German and Dutch labour market. Scarring for the wage career? In: Schmollers Jahrbuch, Jg. 129, H. 2, S. 217-226. DOI:10.3790/schm.129.2.217
Abstract
"The paper studies the long-term effect of part-time employment on the wage career using panel data for three countries. The main idea is to study the possible 'scarring' effects of part-time employment on future hourly wages up to ten years later in the career. Fixed effects panel wage regressions show the existence of a part-time wage penalty for females in all three countries and for males in the UK. Longer durations of part-time result in stronger negative wage effects. In the UK, a negative effect of past part-time employment is also found to persist even after a lasting transition to a fulltime job. The fact that the effect of part-time on wage is larger in the UK suggests that wage penalties, contrary to what could be expected, are smaller in regulated labour markets with a specific skills regime." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Women's disconnection from local labour markets: real lives and policy failure (2009)
Grant, Linda;Zitatform
Grant, Linda (2009): Women's disconnection from local labour markets. Real lives and policy failure. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 330-350. DOI:10.1177/0261018309105174
Abstract
"This paper is based on research amongst women living in England who are on the margins of the labour market. It analyses why current policy works so inadequately for this group of women, whose existence is often marked by poverty and social exclusion. It emphasizes the significance of the reality of women's lived experiences and the nature of local labour markets, and discusses how and why policy fails to respond to these. Women lack bespoke support and are channelled into 'women's jobs', perpetuating gender inequalities in employment and reinforcing precarious relationships with the labour market. In addition, the effect of the key ideas underpinning policy, in particular 'welfare dependency' and a 'work first' orientation, is to distort the responses to women claimants and to ignore the needs of non-claimant women returners. In conclusion the paper argues that current policy both overlooks the specificity of women's labour market disconnection and contributes to its reproduction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The segmentation potential of non-standard employment: a four-country comparison of mobility patterns (2009)
Zitatform
Leschke, Janine (2009): The segmentation potential of non-standard employment. A four-country comparison of mobility patterns. In: U. Blien, E. Jahn & G. Stephan (Hrsg.) (2009): Unemployment and labour market policies - novel approaches, S. 692-715. DOI:10.1108/01437720910997353
Abstract
"While forms of non-standard employment (which include part-time work and temporary employment) have received active promotion in recent years, possible negative effects emerging from these forms of employment have not been high on the agenda. This paper, accordingly, aims to compare workers with non-standard contracts and those with standard contracts in relation to transitions out of employment into unemployment, inactivity, household/care activities and education/training. Country differences in outcome are expected due to varying regulations of standard and non-standard employment and different reasons for resorting to forms of non-standard employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious work and economic migration: Emerging immigrant divisions of labour in greater London's service sector (2009)
Zitatform
McDowell, Linda, Adina Batnitzky & Sarah Dyer (2009): Precarious work and economic migration: Emerging immigrant divisions of labour in greater London's service sector. In: International journal of urban and regional research, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 3-25. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00831.x
Abstract
"The aim of this article is to assess the connections between the continued expansion of forms of insecure work and the impact of rising numbers of economic migrants employed in UK labour markets. It shows how competition between foreign-born workers for jobs in the UK is currently being recast by changes in the jobs available, in forms of precarious labour market attachment and by new patterns of migration into the UK since EU expansion in 2004. The article documents the ways in which migrants with different sets of social characteristics (nationality, gender and skin colour) and different sets of legal entitlements (legal citizenship, EU membership and entitlement to residence) are differentially placed in their competition for some of the poorest jobs in the British economy, drawing on an empirical study of the migrant divisions of labour emerging in two significant sectors in the service industries. It concludes by arguing that new and deeper divisions are emerging between foreign-born workers in the UK." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What determines the part-time and gender earnings gaps in Britain: evidence from the workplace (2009)
Zitatform
Mumford, Karen & Peter N. Smith (2009): What determines the part-time and gender earnings gaps in Britain. Evidence from the workplace. In: Oxford economic papers, Jg. 61, H. S1, S. i56-i75. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpn041
Abstract
"This study examines the role of individual and workplace characteristics in accounting for differences in hourly earnings between men and women in full and part-time jobs in Britain. A four-way gender-working time split (male full-timers, male part-timers, female full-timers, and female part-timers) is analysed, and allowance is explicitly made for workplace and occupational female segregation. Within gender groups, the striking difference between full and part-time employees is that full-timers work in higher paying occupations than do part-timers. Also, female occupational segregation makes a significant contribution to the earnings gap between male and female part-time employees but not for full-time workers. A further new result is that female workplace segregation contributes significantly to the full/part-time earnings gap of both males and females. Part-time employees work in more feminized workplaces and their earnings are lower. There remains, moreover, a substantial residual gender earnings gap between male and female employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Starting your career with a temporary job: stepping-stone or 'dead end'? (2009)
Zitatform
Pavlopoulos, Dimitris (2009): Starting your career with a temporary job. Stepping-stone or 'dead end'? (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 228), Berlin, 28 S.
Abstract
"This paper uses panel data from the UK (BHPS) and Germany (GSOEP) to investigate the wage effect of entering the labour market with a temporary job. Further than the previous literature that studied the effect of the contract type on wage dynamics in the explained part of a wage regression, we also investigate the effect of the starting contract on the variance of unobserved individual effects and random earnings shocks. For this purpose, we decompose earnings into a component determined by initial unobserved earnings ability and experience-related heterogeneity and a component determined by earnings shocks. Our results for Germany, verify the existence of a wage penalty for entering the labour market with a temporary contract. This penalty disappears after 12.5 years for male workers and after 6.5 years for the female workers. In the UK, a similar wage penalty is found for male workers that persists over their working career. In contrast, no wage penalty is found for the British female workers. In the UK, the initial unobserved earnings capacity is higher for workers starting off with a permanent job, while no such difference emerges in Germany. However, this initial unexplained wage inequality decreases faster for workers starting their career with a temporary contract than their colleagues that entered the labour market with a permanent job. Finally, the persistence of earnings shocks is higher for workers entering the labour market with a temporary contract." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht