Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Job polarization and non-standard work: Evidence from France (2024)
Zitatform
Charlot, Olivier, Idriss Fontaine & Thepthida Sopraseuth (2024): Job polarization and non-standard work: Evidence from France. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 88. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102534
Abstract
"Using annual and quarterly data from the French LFS, we investigate the interplay between the extensive and intensive margins of labor adjustment, job polarization, and non-standard work (N S) along the business cycle. We find that the declines in aggregate work hours during economic downturns can primarily be attributed to the reduction in routine standard employment (R, S) during past recessions in France. We then study the dynamics of routine standard employment, highlighting several key findings: (i) The primary drivers of R,S employment are inflows from routine non-standard work (R, N S) and unemployment. (ii) Individuals who lose R, S jobs are more likely to transition to R, N S positions following a brief period of unemployment. (iii) A majority of transitions within this employment category occur within the same employer, resulting in asymmetric adjustments in individual working hours. This often involves a notable increase in hours following either a contractual upgrade or a change in employer. Finally, we draw a comparative analysis between these findings and the United States, where the dynamics of routine employment appear distinct, despite a similar trend in job polarization." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A model of risk sharing in a dual labor market (2024)
Créchet, Jonathan;Zitatform
Créchet, Jonathan (2024): A model of risk sharing in a dual labor market. In: Journal of monetary economics, Jg. 147. DOI:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2024.103591
Abstract
"In OECD countries, the labor market features a coexistence of open-ended, permanent jobs subject to strict employment protection and fixed-term, temporary jobs. This paper studies a search-and-matching model with risk-averse workers and dynamic employment contracts subject to limited commitment. In equilibrium, permanent and temporary jobs coexist when the match quality is sufficiently dispersed: firing costs generate insurance gains implying that permanent contracts are optimal for high-quality matches. Consistent with recent empirical evidence, quantitative analysis of the model shows that temporary contracts crowd out permanent jobs and do not generate employment gains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dualisation and part-time work in France, Germany and the UK: Accounting for within and between country differences in precarious work (2024)
Zitatform
Rubery, Jill, Damian Grimshaw, Philippe Mehaut & Claudia Weinkopf (2024): Dualisation and part-time work in France, Germany and the UK: Accounting for within and between country differences in precarious work. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 363-381. DOI:10.1177/09596801221120468
Abstract
"By comparing protections for part-time work in France, Germany and the UK, this article contributes to the comparative debate over whether industrial relations actors are mitigating or creating labour market dualisation. Significant variations in incidence and form of part-time work (a ‘spectrum of precariousness’), between and within the three countries, are explained through a theoretical frame that layers the actions of industrial relations actors against a backdrop of welfare and labour market rules and gender relations. This reveals important path dependent differences in part-time work patterns, including in the lines by which part-time work is segmented. The findings call for a more nuanced approach to dualisation that recognises that trade union responses to precarious work, albeit conditioned by their own path dependencies, have involved active efforts to extend protections to part-timers through twin strategies of support for legislative instruments and new forms of organising, albeit with only partial success." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How does institutional context shape work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers? A contextualised application of the capability approach to Belgium, France and the Netherlands (2023)
Zitatform
Focacci, Chiara Natalie & François Pichault (2023): How does institutional context shape work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers? A contextualised application of the capability approach to Belgium, France and the Netherlands. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 13/14, S. 36-61. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-12-2022-0312
Abstract
"Purpose: According to Sen's theoretical framework of capability (1985), individuals reach their full potential once they have the freedom, intended as the set of functionings at their disposal, to do so. However, many critiques have been developed against the lack of embeddedness of the capability approach in social and political relations and structures. In this article, the authors investigate the influence of three institutional contexts (Belgium, the Netherlands and France) on the respective work-related functionings of self-employed and regular workers, with a focus on human capital investment and institutional support offered to them. Design/methodology/approach Data from the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) are used to highlight similarities and differences in building work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers. A regression analysis is provided at the country level. Findings In the three labor markets, the authors find that the building of work-related functionings is more successful for regular employees, especially as regards institutional support. Self-employed workers, on the other hand, need to rely on their individual capability as regards employment protection and human capital investment. However, the authors find interesting differences between the three institutional contexts. In both Belgium and France, self-employed workers are subject to higher instability in terms of changes in salary and hours worked, whereas atypical work is better positioned in the Dutch labour market. The Netherlands is also characterized by a less significant gap between regular and self-employed workers with respect to participation in training. Originality/value In this article, the authors contextualise Sen's (1985) theoretical framework by taking into account the institutional differences of labor markets. In particular, the authors provide a novel application of his capability approach to regular and self-employed workers in an economically relevant European area." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Einfluss bürokratischer Hürden auf die grenzüberschreitende Arbeitnehmerentsendung von KMU in Grenzregionen (2023)
Zitatform
Holz, Michael & Annette Icks (2023): Einfluss bürokratischer Hürden auf die grenzüberschreitende Arbeitnehmerentsendung von KMU in Grenzregionen. (IfM-Materialien / Institut für Mittelstandsforschung Bonn 299), Bonn, 91 S.
Abstract
"Auf der Grundlage von Fachgesprächen mit Unternehmerinnen und Unternehmern sowie Expertinnen und Experten untersucht die Studie, inwieweit bürokratische Erfordernisse die grenzüberschreitende Erbringung von Dienstleistungen von deutschen und niederländischen KMU in ausgewählten Grenzregionen be- bzw. verhindern. Großen Verbesserungsbedarf sehen die Befragten insbesondere im Hinblick auf die fehlende Harmonisierung der Entsendevorschriften und -verfahren in den einzelnen EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Auch Erleichterungen bei kurzen bzw. kurzfristigen Entsendungen werden sehr häufig als notwendig erachtet. Ein nicht unerheblicher Teil der KMU in beiden Ländern befolgt einzelne Vorschriften nicht, um den hohen Bürokratieaufwand auf ein – aus ihrer Sicht – verhältnismäßiges Niveau zu begrenzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Report on mobile seasonal workers and intra-EU labor mobility (2023)
Siöland, Linus; Aouati, Olivia; Hassan, Emmanuel; Viñuales, Clara; Markowska, Agnieszka; Gasperini, Michela; Geraci, Matthew;Zitatform
Siöland, Linus, Emmanuel Hassan, Matthew Geraci, Michela Gasperini, Clara Viñuales, Agnieszka Markowska & Olivia Aouati (2023): Report on mobile seasonal workers and intra-EU labor mobility. Luxemburg, 51 S. DOI:10.2767/093005
Abstract
"Mobile seasonal workers play an important role in the European labor market by increasing the supply of labor in times of the year when there is more work than the domestic market can supply workers for. This allows sectors that are marked by strong seasonality – notably agriculture, hospitality and tourism – to bolster their staff with workers from another country if they are not able to allocate all their work using only domestic applicants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The "Gender Face" of Job Insecurity in France: An Individual- and Organizational-Level Analysis (2022)
Zitatform
Coron, Clotilde & Géraldine Schmidt (2022): The "Gender Face" of Job Insecurity in France: An Individual- and Organizational-Level Analysis. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 36, H. 6, S. 999-1017. DOI:10.1177/0950017021995673
Abstract
"Admittedly, women have a more precarious situation on the job market than men, which would suggest that they feel more insecure. However, literature on subjective job insecurity (JI) is contradictory about the effect of gender on JI. This could be explained by both individual characteristics and labour market gendered segregation – the companies in which women and men work do not have the same characteristics, particularly in terms of strategy and workforce management. Previous literature on JI rarely addresses this phenomenon. We propose to better understand the ‘gender face’ of subjective JI combining individual and organizational characteristics. We utilize data from the 2017 REPONSE survey and generalized linear models, notably multi-level models. Our findings reveal that, although women hold more precarious jobs, they work in more protective organizations. Consequently, while women report an average lower level of JI, this difference disappears when controlling for individual and organizational variables." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stepping-stone effect of atypical jobs: Could the least employable reap the most benefits? (2021)
Zitatform
Auray, Stéphane & Nicolas Lepage-Saucier (2021): Stepping-stone effect of atypical jobs: Could the least employable reap the most benefits? In: Labour Economics, Jg. 68. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101945
Abstract
"This article estimates the causal impact of atypical work on the probability of finding regular, durable employment and on wage gains. Using a novel administrative dataset on the employment and unemployment history of 1/25th of French workers and the timing-of-events approach, we find a robust stepping-stone effect and no evidence of a lock-in effect. Starting atypical work during unemployment raises the likelihood of finding regular work by 87% in the following months, and has no effect on wage growth. Interestingly, this effect is stronger for workers with weaker ties with the labor market, such as those unemployed for long periods, older individuals or those who worked fewer hours in the year prior to the start of the spell." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-Standard Work and Innovation: Evidence from European industries (2021)
Zitatform
Reljic, Jelena, Armanda Cetrulo, Valeria Cirillo & Andrea Coveri (2021): Non-Standard Work and Innovation: Evidence from European industries. (LEM working paper series / Laboratory of Economics and Management 2021,6), Pisa, 36 S.
Abstract
"Following a market-oriented approach, policies aimed at increasing labour flexibility by weakening employment protection institutions should enable firms to efficiently allocate resources, improve their capability to compete on international markets and adjust to economic cycle. This work documents the rise of non-standard (i.e. temporary and part-time) work in five European countries (Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) over the period 1994-2016 and investigate the nexus between the use of non-standard work and innovation performance using data for 18 manufacturing and 23 service industries. Contrary to the objectives that market-oriented policy recommendations promised to achieve, we show that there is a significantly negative association between the share of workers employed under non- standard contractual arrangements and the introduction of both product and process innovation. Furthermore, we show that the harmful consequences of the spread of non-standard work on firms' product innovation propensity are more pronounced in high-tech sectors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe (2021)
Zitatform
Xavier Jara, H. & Alberto Tumino (2021): Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe. In: Journal of Common Market Studies, Jg. 59, H. 3, S. 535-555. DOI:10.1111/jcms.13099
Abstract
"This paper evaluates the degree of income protection the tax-benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our approach relies on simulating transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce in EU member states to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers, who are also more exposed to the risk of poverty, both while in work and in unemployment. Low work intensity employees are characterized by high net replacement rates. However, this is due to the major role played by market incomes of other household members. Finally, we show that in countries where self-employed workers are not eligible for unemployment insurance benefits, extending the eligibility to this group of workers would increase their replacement rates and make them less likely to fall into poverty in the event of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The resistible rise of the temporary employment industry in France (2020)
Zitatform
Brook, Paul & Christina Purcell (2020): The resistible rise of the temporary employment industry in France. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 41, H. 1, S. 121-144. DOI:10.1177/0143831X17695439
Abstract
"This article is an historical account of the contested growth of the temporary employment agency sector in France. It utilises a variegated capitalism conceptual framework to explain the evolution of a distinctive temporary employment agency sector and regulatory environment under French politico-institutional conditions that was contingent upon global developments. The article charts the role of large agencies in constructing a market for agency labour despite wide-scale cultural, political and trade union opposition. In order to build legitimacy, agencies sought partners in the labour movement from the late 1960s onwards. By the late 1990s, the sector had grown significantly within a gradually more permissive regulatory framework, despite ongoing but fragmenting opposition. The article demonstrates that the growth of agency labour was not an inevitable outcome of global pressure for labour market deregulation. It also reveals how national regulatory institutions alone are not a sufficient bulwark against global labour market pressures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers' (2020)
Zitatform
Millán, Ana, José María Millán & Leonel Caçador-Rodrigues (2020): Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers'. In: Small business economics, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 461-474. DOI:10.1007/s11187-019-00245-7
Abstract
"In this study, we examine whether job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers', i.e. the workers in this particular grey zone between employment and self-employment, are more similar to those of the self-employed or paid employed. To this end, we use microdata drawn from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey for 34 European countries. First, we develop and validate a psychometrically sound multidimensional scale for these 3 key constructs by conducting both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Then, multilevel (hierarchical) linear regressions are used to test the validity of our hypotheses. Our results suggest that these hybrid work relationships are endowed with the least favourable attributes of both groups: lower job control than self-employed workers, higher job demands than paid employees and, overall, worse job outcomes than both." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28 (2019)
Avlijaš, Sonja;Zitatform
Avlijaš, Sonja (2019): The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28. (LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 141), London, 76 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the prevalence of non-standard workers in EU-28, rules for accessing social security, and these workers' risk of not being able to access it. It focuses on temporary and part-time workers, and the self-employed, and offers a particularly detailed analysis of their access to unemployment benefits. It focuses on eligibility, adequacy (net income replacement rates) and identifies those workers which are at the greatest risk of either not receiving benefits or receiving low benefits. It offers a special overview of foreign non-standard workers, who may be particularly vulnerable due to the absence of citizenship in the host country. The paper also analyses access to maternity and sickness benefits for these three groups of workers, as well as their access to pensions. Its key contribution is in bringing together the different dimensions of disadvantage that non-standard workers face vis-à-vis access to social protection. This allows us to comprehensively assess the adaptation of national social security systems across EU-28 to the changing world of work over the past 10 years. The paper shows that there is a lot of variation between the Member States, both in the structure of their social security systems, as well as the prevalence of non-standard work. Most notably, the paper concludes that: i) access to unemployment benefits is the most challenging component of welfare state provision for people in non-standard employment; ii) policy reforms vis-à-vis access to social benefits have improved the status of non-standard workers in several countries, while they have worsened it in others, particularly in Bulgaria, Ireland and Latvia; iii) some Eastern European countries can offer lessons to other Member States due to their experiences with labour market challenges during transition and the subsequent adaptations of their social security systems to greater labour market flexibility. The paper also implies that a country's policy towards nonstandard work" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time employment as a way to increase women's employment: (Where) does it work? (2019)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Paolo, Giorgio Cutuli, Raffaele Guetto & Stefani Scherer (2019): Part-time employment as a way to increase women's employment: (Where) does it work? In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 60, H. 4, S. 249-268. DOI:10.1177/0020715219849463
Abstract
"Part-time employment has repeatedly been proposed as a solution for integrating women into the labor market; however, empirical evidence supporting a causal link is mixed. In this text, we investigate the extent to which increasing part-time employment is a valid means of augmenting women's labor market participation. We pay particular attention to the institutional context and the related characteristics of part-time employment in European countries to test the conditions under which this solution is a viable option. The results reveal that part-time employment may strengthen female employment in Continental Europe and especially in Southern Europe, where an increase in part-time employment - even if it is demand-side driven - leads to greater employment participation among women. We also discuss some policy implications and trade-offs: Although part-time work can lead to higher numbers of employed women, it does so at the cost of increasing gendered labor market segregation. We analyze data from the European Labor Force Survey (EU-LFS) 1992 - 2011 for 19 countries and 188 regions and exploit regional variation over time while controlling for time-constant regional characteristics, time-varying regional labor market features, and (time-varying) confounding factors at the national level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market segmentation: Piloting new empirical and policy analyses: labour market change (2019)
Cruz, Irene; Vacas-Soriano, Carlos; Verd, Joan Miquel ; Patrini, Valentina; Paulauskaite, Elma; Molina, Oscar ; Venckutė, Milda; Dumčius, Rimantas;Zitatform
Cruz, Irene, Oscar Molina, Joan Miquel Verd, Elma Paulauskaite, Rimantas Dumčius, Milda Venckutė, Valentina Patrini & Carlos Vacas-Soriano (2019): Labour market segmentation: Piloting new empirical and policy analyses. Labour market change. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 88 S. DOI:10.2806/751649
Abstract
"This report sets out to describe what labour market segmentation is and why it is problematic for the labour market and society, as well as disadvantaged groups. It takes a broad view of the term to examine the situation that arises when the divergence in working conditions between different groups of workers is attributable to factors other than differentials in human capital levels. The report explores which policies or instruments are most effective in combating labour market segmentation, taking into account specific situational characteristics. The report offers a novel approach to the study of labour market segmentation that combines a quantitative empirical analysis with a policy analysis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe (2019)
Dimova, Dilyana;Zitatform
Dimova, Dilyana (2019): The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe. (IMF working paper 2019,67), Washington, DC, 41 S.
Abstract
"The labor share in Europe has been on a downward trend. This paper finds that the decline is concentrated in manufacture and among low- to mid-skilled workers. The shifting nature of employment away from full-time jobs and a rollback of employment protection, unemployment benefits and unemployment benefits have been the main contributors. Technology and globalization hurt sectors where jobs are routinizable but helped others that require specialized skills. High-skilled professionals gained labor share driven by productivity aided by flexible work environments, while low- and mid-skilled workers lost labor share owing to globalization and the erosion of labor market safety nets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Geringqualifizierte in Deutschland: Beschäftigung, Entlohnung und Erwerbsverläufe im Wandel (2019)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner, Paul Marx, Florian Wozny, Carolin Linckh, Tanja Schmidt & Verena Tobsch (2019): Geringqualifizierte in Deutschland. Beschäftigung, Entlohnung und Erwerbsverläufe im Wandel. (IZA research report 91), Bonn, 118 S.
Abstract
"Für gering qualifizierte Personen, so wird oft argumentiert, ist das Risiko besonders groß, im Zuge von Globalisierung und Automatisierung ihren Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren, in Arbeitslosigkeit zu verbleiben oder ein Beschäftigungsverhältnis von nur geringer Qualität aufnehmen zu können. Vor diesem Hintergrund bietet es sich an, empirisch zu untersuchen, wie sich die Erwerbssituation gering qualifizierter Personen in Deutschland und anderen europäischen Ländern verändert hat. Lassen sich Verbesserungen oder Verschlechterungen bei der Erwerbsintegration einerseits und bei der Qualität der Arbeitsverhältnisse andererseits erkennen?
Im ersten empirischen Abschnitt dieser Studie wird die Entwicklung der Erwerbstätigkeit Geringqualifizierter über die Zeit in Ost- und Westdeutschland im Hinblick auf die Kriterien Niveau, Erwerbsformen, Entlohnung und ausgeübter Beruf sowie weitere Variablen untersucht. Darüber hinaus ist es besonders relevant, die Lage gering qualifizierter Personen im Zeitablauf zu verfolgen und nachzuzeichnen, welche typischen Muster es im Erwerbsleben dieser Menschen in der Querschnittsbetrachtung seit den 1980er-Jahren gegeben hat. Der entsprechenden Analyse individueller Erwerbsverläufe widmet sich der dann folgende Abschnitt mithilfe von Sequenzanalysen. Die Rolle von Institutionen des Arbeitsmarkts und des Sozialstaats wird schließlich im internationalen Vergleich genauer untersucht.
Zusammenfassend lässt sich für die Querschnittsbetrachtung festhalten, dass der Rückgang des Anteils der Geringqualifizierten an der Bevölkerung und die zunehmende Erwerbsbeteiligung dieser Personengruppe, insbesondere in Ostdeutschland, zunächst positiv zu bewerten sind. Während jedoch die Anteile der Inaktiven in den letzten 25 bis 30 Jahren bei Geringqualifizierten besonders stark rückläufig waren, ist die Arbeitslosenquote sowohl in West- als auch in Ostdeutschland im Kreis der Geringqualifizierten stärker gestiegen als in dem der Mittelqualifizierten. Niveauunterschiede der Erwerbsbeteiligung zeigen sich zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland sowohl bei den Gering- als auch bei den Mittelqualifizierten. Der Frauenanteil in der Gruppe der Geringqualifizierten ist im Lauf der Zeit deutlich gesunken. Die vermehrte Teilnahme der Geringqualifizierten am Erwerbsleben geht allerdings mit einem größeren Anteil gering entlohnter Beschäftigung sowie häufigerer Berufstätigkeit im Rahmen von atypischen Verträgen einher. Gleichzeitig haben sich die für Geringqualifizierte erreichbaren Berufsfelder von einfacheren industriellen Tätigkeiten hin zu Hilfstätigkeiten im Dienstleistungssektor verlagert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Ähnliche Treffer
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Literaturhinweis
Voluntary mobility of employees for better job opportunities given a temporary contract: Insights regarding an age-varying association between the two events (2019)
Zitatform
Mussida, Chiara & Luca Zanin (2019): Voluntary mobility of employees for better job opportunities given a temporary contract. Insights regarding an age-varying association between the two events. In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, Jg. 19, H. 2, S. 1-27. DOI:10.1515/bejeap-2018-0143
Abstract
"What mechanisms govern the mobility of employees who voluntarily switch employers for better opportunities, given a temporary contract (TC)? We attempt to answer this question by exploring this issue in Southern and Central European countries. We use cross-sectional data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey for the 2005 - 2016 period. We estimate a flexible simultaneous equation model for binary responses by assuming the presence of an age-varying association between voluntary mobility and having a TC. After accounting for several socio-demographic and economic variables, we find a nonlinear decreasing relation between age and the outcomes, while we detect heterogeneous nonlinear patterns in the association between voluntary mobility and having a TC across countries. These insights can support policy-makers aiming to promote initiatives that facilitate the professional mobility of employees given a TC for an efficient allocation of human capital in the production system." (Author's abstract, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Accounting for the permanent vs temporary wage gaps among young adults : Three European countries in perspective (2019)
Zitatform
Regoli, Andrea, Antonella D'Agostino, Thomas Grandner & Dieter Gstach (2019): Accounting for the permanent vs temporary wage gaps among young adults : Three European countries in perspective. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 158, H. 2, S. 337-364. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12075
Abstract
"This article analyses wage differentials between permanent and temporary workers in the 25 - 40 age bracket using the 2010 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) wave data for France, Germany and Italy. Applying a Recentered Influence Function (RIF) regression and a reweighting estimation technique, we investigate the contribution of personal and job characteristics to wage differentials across the wage distribution. Results point to a large unexplained component of the wage gap across the whole distribution in Italy, while this component is weaker in France among highly paid employees and insignificant in Germany. These findings highlight potential policy considerations and areas for future research." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Challenges and contradictions in the "normalising" of precarious work (2018)
Zitatform
Rubery, Jill, Damian Grimshaw, Arjan Keizer & Mathew Johnson (2018): Challenges and contradictions in the "normalising" of precarious work. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 509-527. DOI:10.1177/0950017017751790
Abstract
"Precarious work is increasingly considered the new 'norm' to which employment and social protection systems must adjust. This article explores the contradictions and tensions that arise from different processes of normalisation driven by social policies that simultaneously decommodify and recommodify labour. An expanded framework of decommodification is presented that identifies how the standard employment relationship (SER) may be extended and flexibilised to include those in precarious work, drawing examples from a recent study of precarious work across six European countries. These decommodification processes are found to be both partial and, in some cases, coexisting with activation policies that position precarious work as an alternative to unemployment, thereby recommodifying labour. Despite these challenges and contradictions, the article argues that a new vision of SER reform promises greater inclusion than alternative policy scenarios that give up on the regulation of employers and rely on state subsidies to mitigate against precariousness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? (2017)
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Dekker, Fabian & Romke van der Veen (2017): Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 256-270. DOI:10.1177/0143831X14563946
Abstract
"Today, there is a widespread suggestion that permanent workers are increasingly subject to precarious working conditions. Due to international competition and declining union density, job qualities of permanent workers are assumed to be under strain. According to proponents of a democratization of risk rationale, low job qualities that were traditionally attached to secondary labour markets are transferred to workers in primary segments of the labour market. In this study, the authors test this theoretical rationale among workers in 11 Western European economies, using two waves of the European Working Conditions Survey. The results do not confirm a democratization of labour market risk. Lower job qualities are highly associated with flexible employment contracts and highlight a clear gap between insiders and outsiders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation?: cross-country firm-level evidence (2017)
Zitatform
Dräger, Vanessa & Paul Marx (2017): Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation? Cross-country firm-level evidence. In: ILR review, Jg. 70, H. 4, S. 942-975. DOI:10.1177/0019793916687718
Abstract
"The growth of temporary employment is one of the most important transformations of labor markets in the past decades. Theoretically, firms' exposure to short-term workload fluctuations is a major determinant of employing temporary workers when employment protection for permanent workers is high. The authors investigate this relationship empirically with establishment-level data in a broad comparative framework. They create two novel data sets by merging 1) data on 18,500 European firms with 2) measures of labor-market institutions for 20 countries. Results show that fluctuations increase the probability of hiring temporary workers by 8 percentage points in countries with strict employment protection laws. No such effect is observed in countries with weaker employment protections. Results are robust to subgroups, subsamples, and alternative estimation strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa (2016)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Julia Bredtmann (2016): Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 270-298. DOI:10.1515/zfwp-2016-0017
Abstract
"Befristete Verträge werden in vielen Ländern der Europäischen Union als Instrument, Arbeitsmärkte flexibel zu gestalten, eingesetzt. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass die befristete Beschäftigung nur bedingt die Durchlässigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte unterstützt. Zwar erleichtert sie teilweise den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt aber auch zu instabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten, die mit einer geringen Sprungbrettfunktion der befristeten Beschäftigung einhergehen. Um nachhaltige Beschäftigung zu schaffen, erscheinen Reformen des Kündigungsschutzes, die Übergange in reguläre Jobs erleichtern, sowie Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung als sinnvolle Alternativen" (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Bünning, Mareike & Matthias Pollmann-Schult (2016): Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe. In: European Societies, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 295-314. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2016.1153698
Abstract
"An increasing proportion of the European labor force works in the evening, at night or on weekends. Because nonstandard work schedules are associated with a number of negative outcomes for families and children, parents may seek to avoid such schedules. However, for parents with insufficient access to formal child care, working nonstandard hours or days may be an adaptive strategy used to manage child-care needs. It enables 'split-shift' parenting, where parents work alternate schedules, allowing one of the two to be at home looking after the children. This study examines the prevalence of nonstandard work schedules among parents and nonparents in 22 European countries. Specifically, we ask whether the provision of formal child care influences the extent to which parents of preschool-aged children work nonstandard schedules. Using data from the European Social Survey and multilevel models, we find evidence that the availability of formal child care reduces nonstandard work among parents. This indicates that access to formal child care enables parents to work standard schedules. To the extent that nonstandard work schedules are negatively associated with child wellbeing, access to formal child care protects children from the adverse effects of their parents' evening and night work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hanging in, but only just: part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen, Ive Marx & Brian Nolan (2016): Hanging in, but only just. Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0053-6
Abstract
"The crisis has deepened pre-existing concerns regarding low-wage and non-standard employment. Countries where unemployment increased most strongly during the crisis period also saw part-time employment increasing, particularly involuntary part-time work. With involuntary part-time workers, as a particular group of underemployed, facing especially high poverty rates, this was accompanied by an increase, on average, in the poverty risk associated with working part-time. However, this was not reflected in a marked increase in the overall in-work poverty rate because full-time work remains dominant and its poverty risk did not change markedly. The household context is of the essence when considering policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structure of the permanent job wage premium: evidence from Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2016): The structure of the permanent job wage premium. Evidence from Europe. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 149-178. DOI:10.1111/irel.12129
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for thirteen countries during 1995-2001, I investigate the wage premium for permanent jobs relative to temporary jobs. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. I find that among men the wage premium for a permanent vs. temporary job is lower for older workers and native born workers; for women, the permanent job wage premium is lower for older workers and those with longer job tenure. Moreover, there is some evidence that among immigrant men, the permanent job premium is especially high for those who migrated from outside the European Union. These findings all suggest that the gain to promotion into permanent jobs is indeed higher for those with less experience in the domestic labor market. In contrast to the effects for the young and immigrants, the permanent job pay premium is slightly smaller on average for women than for men, even though on average women have less experience in the labor market than men do. It is possible that women even in permanent jobs are in segregated labor markets. But as noted, among women, the permanent job wage premium is higher for the young and those with less current tenure, suggesting that even in the female labor market, employers pay attention to experience differences." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New forms of employment: developing the potential of strategic employee sharing (2016)
Mandl, Irene;Zitatform
Mandl, Irene (2016): New forms of employment. Developing the potential of strategic employee sharing. (Eurofound research paper), Dublin, 31 S. DOI:10.2806/937385
Abstract
"Although standard employment is still dominant in European labour markets, an increasing range of new employment forms is emerging that differ in their implications for working conditions. This study explores strategic employee sharing, an employment form for companies that have specific HR needs that do not justify a permanent full-time position, but are often recurring, by hiring one or several workers who work on assignments, and whose skills and time are shared among a group of companies. These companies have joint responsibility and liability towards the shared workers who are ensured 'equal pay, equal treatment' with core staff. Yet in spite of the win - win potential of this employment form for both companies and workers, it is not widely known and only marginally used. This report explores the preconditions for a further spread of strategic employee sharing as well as its impact on employers and employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Financial incentives and labour market duality (2015)
Bersona, Clémence; Ferrari, Nicolas;Zitatform
Bersona, Clémence & Nicolas Ferrari (2015): Financial incentives and labour market duality. In: Labour economics, Jg. 37, H. December, S. 77-92. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2015.10.001
Abstract
"The French labour market is divided between workers in permanent jobs and those who alternate fixed-term contracts with unemployment spells. Among other public policies aiming at reducing this duality, financial incentives could induce employers to lengthen contract duration or favour permanent contracts. This article develops a matching model fitted to the French labour market characteristics and calibrated on French data. A gradual decrease in unemployment contributions or a firing tax reduces the share of short-term contract in total employment but increases market rigidity and lowers labour productivity. However, decreasing unemployment contributions gradually is less favourable for new entrants than a firing tax and lengthens unemployment spells. An additional contribution levied on short-term contracts to finance a bonus for permanent-contract hirings also decreases labour market duality and increases activity by 0.13% but without negative impacts on labour market flexibility and productivity." (Author's abstract, © 2015 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets: an occupational perspective (2015)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner & Paul Marx (Hrsg.) (2015): Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets. An occupational perspective. Cheltenham: Elgar, 435 S. DOI:10.4337/9781781001721
Abstract
"Examining the occupational variation within non-standard employment, this book combines case studies and comparative writing to illustrate how and why alternative occupational employment patterns are formed.
Non-standard employment has grown significantly in most developed economies, varying between countries. Different institutional settings have been deemed accountable for this variation, although inadequate consideration has been given to differences within national labour markets. Through an occupational perspective, this book contends that patterns of non-standard employment are shaped by flexibility in hiring and firing practices and the dispensability of workers' skills. The framework integrates explanations based on labour market regulation, industrial relations and skill supply, filling the gaps in previous scholastic research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
When does the stepping-stone work?: fixed-term contracts versus temporary agency work in changing economic conditions (2015)
Zitatform
Givord, Pauline & Lionel Wilner (2015): When does the stepping-stone work? Fixed-term contracts versus temporary agency work in changing economic conditions. In: Journal of Applied Econometrics, Jg. 30, H. 5, S. 787-805. DOI:10.1002/jae.2394
Abstract
"This paper emphasizes differences among short-term contracts in terms of career prospects. Using French data over the 2002 - 2010 period, we rely on a dynamic model with fixed effects to disentangle state dependence from unobserved heterogeneity. Although fixed-term contracts may provide a 'stepping-stone' to permanent positions, temporary agency work is hardly better than unemployment in this regard. The Great Recession of 2008 has changed the dynamics on the labor market and amplified the difference between fixed-term contracts and temporary agency work. For both types of temporary workers, providing overtime work does not significantly increase the transition to permanent employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who wants the contrat de travail unique?: social support for labor market flexibilization in France (2014)
Zitatform
Amable, Bruno (2014): Who wants the contrat de travail unique? Social support for labor market flexibilization in France. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 53, H. 4, S. 636-662. DOI:10.1111/irel.12070
Abstract
"In France, a proposal was made to substitute a unique labor contract with a degree of employment protection increasing with tenure to the existing open-end and fixed-term contracts. Using survey data, this paper analyzes the social support for this contrat de travail unique (CTU). Contrary to the prediction of insider/outsider theories, support for the CTU comes from insider groups, whereas most outsider groups oppose it. This result may be the consequence of the job protection increasing with tenure. This mechanism could reinforce certain types of market segmentation instead of abolishing employment precariousness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dual labour markets and (lack of) on-the-job training: PIAAC evidence from Spain and other EU countries (2014)
Zitatform
Cabrales, Antonio, Juan J. Dolado & Ricardo Mora (2014): Dual labour markets and (lack of) on-the-job training. PIAAC evidence from Spain and other EU countries. (IZA discussion paper 8649), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"Using the Spanish micro data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), we first document how the excessive gap in employment protection between indefinite and temporary workers leads to large differentials in on-the-job training (OTJ) against the latter. Next, we find that that the lower specific training received by temporary workers is correlated with lower literacy and numeracy scores achieved in the PIAAC study. Finally, we provide further PIAAC cross-country evidence showing that OJT gaps are quite lower in those European labour markets where dualism is less entrenched than in those where it is more extended." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Au sortir du chomage: precaires malgre un contrat a duree indeterminee? (2014)
Lize, Laurence; Prokovas, Nicolas;Zitatform
Lize, Laurence & Nicolas Prokovas (2014): Au sortir du chomage. Precaires malgre un contrat a duree indeterminee? In: Formation Emploi H. 125, S. 89-112.
Abstract
"In dieser Untersuchung werden die Arbeitsplätze, die ehemaligen Erwerbssuchende 2009 fanden, mit den Arbeitsplätzen der Beschäftigten verglichen. Dieses Segment des externen Arbeitsmarkts weist kontrastreiche Merkmale auf: einige Ausstiege aus der Erwerbslosigkeit fanden unter grundsätzlich günstigen Bedingungen statt (gut bezahlte, unbefristete Vollzeitarbeitsverträge, mit denen die Beschäftigten zufrieden sind), andere sind in einen prekären Kontext gestellt. Abgesehen von häufigen, kurzfristigen Verträgen ergibt sich die Präkarität auch zu einem beachtlichen Anteil aus unbefristeten Verträgen. Der Beruf bietet einen schlüssigen Zugang zur Erfassung dieses Phänomens." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities: a comparative analysis across European labour markets (2013)
Zitatform
Cutuli, Giorgio & Raffaele Guetto (2013): Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities. A comparative analysis across European labour markets. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 616-629. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcs011
Abstract
"Our work aims to bring together two research fields: the debate concerning different labour market flexibilization strategies and the determinants of training chances. The purpose of our work is therefore to assess the trade-off between temporary employment and training opportunities in a comparative analysis of three groups of countries characterized by different levels of labour market segmentation and training coverage. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the 2008 economic downturn in shaping training opportunities for contingent workers. Our research questions are investigated using three pooled rounds of the European Social Survey (2004, 2006, and 2008). While regression analyses partially confirm the negative effects of fixed-term contracts (FTCs) on training opportunities, a counterfactual analysis shows a retrenchment in training provisions among temporary workers only in strongly segmented labour markets, where FTCs constitute a more homogeneous marginal group, highly stratified in terms of age, gender, unemployment experience, and social class." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity: evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries (2013)
Zitatform
Lisi, Domenico (2013): The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity. Evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 119-144., 2013-01-01. DOI:10.1007/s12651-013-0127-0
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren ermöglichten neue, auf Branchenebene verfügbare Daten eine genauere Evaluation des Einflusses der Arbeitsmarktpolitik als frühere ländervergleichende Analysen. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein branchenspezifisches Panel genutzt, um den Einfluss des Kündigungsschutzes auf befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse in den EU-Ländern zu ermitteln. Die Vorteile dieser Datengrundlage sind vielfältig. Die Methode nutzt sowohl die internationale Variation beim Kündigungsschutz für befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse als auch die Variation von Branche zu Branche. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Literatur wenden wir die Idee der unterschiedlichen Bindungskraft des Kündigungsschutzes nur für unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an, während wir für befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse eine andere Strategie anwenden, die eine genauere Identifikation des Effekts unbefristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf die Arbeitsproduktivität ermöglicht. Die theoretische Literatur erlaubt noch keine klare Vorhersage zum Vorzeichen dieses Effekts, da unterschiedliche überzeugende Gründe für Effekte in beide Richtungen bestehen. Daher haben die Ergebnisse der Analyse möglicherweise wichtige politische Implikationen. Unsere Haupterkenntnis ist, dass befristete Verträge einen negativen, wenn auch sehr geringen Effekt auf die Arbeitsproduktivität haben. Desweiteren bestätigt die Analyse, dass Kündigungsschutz bei regulären Arbeitsverträgen das Wachstum der Arbeitsproduktivität in den Branchen drosselt, die auf eine stärkere Beschäftigungsallokation angewiesen sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
L'impact du risque prud'homal sur le recours aux contrats à durée déterminée: une analyse à partir des DMMO (2012)
Bourreau-Dubois, Cécile; Guillot, Olivier; Chaupain-Guillot, Sabine;Zitatform
Bourreau-Dubois, Cécile, Sabine Chaupain-Guillot & Olivier Guillot (2012): L'impact du risque prud'homal sur le recours aux contrats à durée déterminée. Une analyse à partir des DMMO. In: Travail et emploi H. 126, S. 5-16.
Abstract
"Using establishment data from the French DMMO administrative files (2002-2005), this article explores the question of the determinants of the use of fixed-term contracts. The focus is on the impact of the risk of litigation following layoffs. In the context of a choice between fixed-term and open-ended contracts, the fact that layoffs might lead to legal disputes can indeed be seen as a factor that increases the separation costs relating to permanent employees, making the use of temporary contracts more attractive. In the present study, carried out on establishments (with 50 employees or more) that hired in year t, the risk of legal disputes is measured by two indicators (at the local level) : an 'index of conflictuality', linking the number of claims before the local labour courts to the number of layoffs in the area where the plant is located, and a 'rate of judgments', aiming at capturing the probability that a case will end in a judgment. These two indicators are used separately and simultaneously. The cross-sectional estimation results (2005) seem to indicate that the risk of litigation has a positive effect on the use of fixed-term contracts, as expected. However, this effect is rather small. Furthermore, when unobserved factors are taken into account (analysis on panel data), the indicators used appear significant only in regressions with random effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Alternativen zu Mini- und Midijobs? Die Beispiele Frankreich und Vereinigtes Königreich (2012)
Zitatform
Herzog-Stein, Alexander & Werner Sesselmeier (2012): Alternativen zu Mini- und Midijobs? Die Beispiele Frankreich und Vereinigtes Königreich. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 65, H. 1, S. 41-49. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2012-1-41
Abstract
"Mit den 2003 eingeführten Minijobs waren die Zielvorstellungen verbunden, näher an die Normalarbeitsverhältnisse heranzurücken, zudem Übergänge zu diesen zu schaffen, aber auch im Unterschied zu den Normalarbeitsverhältnissen so attraktiv für die Arbeitnehmer zu sein, dass damit schattenwirtschaftliche Tätigkeiten abgebaut würden. Trotz des hohen Umfangs an Minijobs scheint man den damit verbundenen Zielen nicht näher gekommen zu sein. Der Beitrag untersucht vergleichbare Instrumente im Vereinigten Königreich und in Frankreich. In beiden Ländern existieren explizite Lohnzuschüsse, die im Unterschied zu Deutschland im Einkommensteuersystem verankert sind, in Kombination mit Förderschwellen und Mindestlöhnen. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass die Brückenfunktion mit dieser Instrumentenkombination effektiver funktioniert als die Minijob-Regelungen in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary jobs and job search effort in Europe (2012)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2012): Temporary jobs and job search effort in Europe. In: Labour economics, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 113-128. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2011.09.001
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for eleven countries during 1995 - 2001, I investigate temporary job contract duration and job search effort. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. I construct a search model for workers in temporary jobs which predicts that shorter duration raises search intensity. Calibration of the model to the ECHP data implies that at least 75% of the increase in search intensity over the life of a 2+ year temporary contract occurs in the last six months of the contract. I then estimate regression models for search effort that control for human capital, pay, local unemployment, and individual and time fixed effects. I find that workers on temporary jobs indeed search harder than those on permanent jobs. Moreover, search intensity increases as temporary job duration falls, and roughly 84% of this increase occurs on average in the shortest duration jobs. These results are robust to disaggregation by gender and by country. These empirical results are noteworthy, since it is not necessary to assume myopia or hyperbolic discounting in order to explain them, although the data clearly also do not rule out such explanations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The European world of temporary employment (2012)
Zitatform
Lancker, Wim Van (2012): The European world of temporary employment. In: European Societies, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 83-111. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.638082
Abstract
"Departing from growing concerns about in-work poverty and the proliferation of flexible employment, we investigate the association between temporary employment and poverty in a European comparative perspective. In doing so, we focus specifically on possible gender dimensions, because some are concerned that the impact of flexible employment on income security will be different for men and women and that gender inequality will increase. By means of a logistic multilevel model, we analyse recent EU-SILC data for 24 European countries. The results show that the temporarily employed have a higher poverty risk vis-à-vis permanent workers, mainly caused by lower wages. However, the risk factors to become working poor are similar. The poorly educated, young workers and those living in a single earner household with dependent children have an increased probability to live in poverty, whether they are employed on temporary or permanent basis. Differences between European welfare regimes demonstrate that policy constellations influence the magnitude of these risk factors. Counter-intuitively, temporary working women have a lower poverty risk than their male counterparts. They are better protected because they are more often secondary earners in a dual earning household, while men are more often primary earners. This article advances knowledge on the linkages between temporary employment, economic insecurity and gender differences in European welfare states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Domestic work in France and Italy: comparative case studies on the contemporary diffusion of informal employment (2012)
Pernigotti, Elisabetta;Zitatform
Pernigotti, Elisabetta (2012): Domestic work in France and Italy. Comparative case studies on the contemporary diffusion of informal employment. In: Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation, Jg. 6, H. 1, S. 49-61.
Abstract
"The persistence of informal employment and its recent development in Western countries is often disregarded. This article argues that a gendered renewal of informal employment is taking place following global economic restructuring. Furthermore, it shows how informality might be recreated through the very policy initiatives that aimed at combating informality and structuring the highly feminised sector of care and domestic services. In spite of the differences in policy initiatives, qualitative analysis illustrates how the formalisation of these jobs remains partial, in France as in Italy, regardless of the absence or the presence of specific politics of regularisation. Industrial unemployment due to rural deindustrialisation is imposing an working-class women - formerly largely employed in factories - a new form of domesticity through a certain recognition of domestic and care work, between formality, 'grey work' and informality, which confines these same women to a universe that is family-based and precarious." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The unequal incidence of non-standard employment across occupational groups: an empirical analysis of post-industrial labour markets in Germany and Europe (2011)
Zitatform
Marx, Paul (2011): The unequal incidence of non-standard employment across occupational groups. An empirical analysis of post-industrial labour markets in Germany and Europe. (IZA discussion paper 5521), Bonn, 23 S.
Abstract
"The paper addresses an often neglected question in labour market research: to which extent do outcomes aggregated on the national level disguise occupational diversity in employment conditions? In particular, how and why do occupational groups differ with regard to the incidence of non-standard employment? To explore these questions, the paper derives a detailed occupational scheme from the literature, capturing the variety of labour market outcomes within countries. In a second step, the scheme is theoretically linked to the topic of non-standard work. It is argued that different degrees of skill specificity across occupational groups produce diverging incentives for flexible and long-term employment, respectively. This leads to the expectation of (some) service-sector occupations showing stronger tendencies towards non-standard employment than those in the industrial sector. Based on European and German micro data, the categorisation is used to decompose various labour market indicators. The results clearly demonstrate the unequal incidence of non-standard employment along the lines of the suggested categorisation. Moreover, the longitudinal perspective suggests that traditionally functioning occupational groups will be crowded out by more destandardised ones." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Between keeping your head down and trying to get noticed: Agency workers in French car assembly plants (2011)
Zitatform
Purcell, Christina, Paul Brook & Rosemary Lucas (2011): Between keeping your head down and trying to get noticed: Agency workers in French car assembly plants. In: Management Revue, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 169-187. DOI:10.5771/0935-9915-2011-2-169
Abstract
"Numerical flexibility is commonly promoted as a driver of employment growth. However, contingent work is frequently associated with 'bad jobs', particularly for those in low skilled occupations. Agency work is a common and growing form of contingent work and is often promoted as a tool for facilitating the labour market integration of young workers. In France, young agency workers make up a significant part of the labour force within car assembly plants. Studies have shown that these workers have harsher working conditions than permanent co-workers and are subject to a 'despotic' factory regime. However, the triangular relationship, which frames the agency contract, may give rise to a more complex outcome in which the" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Les trajectoires professionnelles en début de vie active: quel impact des contrats temporaires? (2010)
Zitatform
Blasco, Sylvie & Pauline Givord (2010): Les trajectoires professionnelles en début de vie active. Quel impact des contrats temporaires? In: Economie et Statistique H. 431/432, S. 73-93.
Abstract
"Die Auswirkung der Flexibilität des Arbeitsmarkts auf die Eingliederung der jungen Menschen wird weiterhin kontrovers diskutiert. Auch wenn durch eine Zeitarbeit Berufserfahrung gesammelt werden und dieser Job ein 'Sprungbrett' in eine stabile Beschäftigung darstellen kann, so bleibt das Risiko bestehen, auf einem 'Abstellgleis' zu landen. In dieser Studie wird versucht, empirische Antwortelemente auf die Fragen zu finden, indem die Übergänge zwischen Zeitarbeit, fester Anstellung und Nichtarbeit der Personen zu Beginn ihres Arbeitslebens untersucht werden. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Umfrage Formation et Qualification Professionnelle aus dem Jahr 2003 verwendet, deren Kalender eine präzise Beschreibung der Laufbahnen der befragten Personen über einen Zeitraum von fünf Jahren wiedergibt. Eine Modellkonstruktion 'MultiState Multi-Episode' ermöglicht die Isolierung und Messung der jeweiligen Auswirkung der beobachteten individuellen Eigenschaften, der nicht beobachteten Heterogenität, der Abhängigkeiten von vergangenen und aktuellen Zuständen (die Tatsache die eine oder die andere Arbeit auszuüben, kann Konsequenzen für die späteren Laufbahnen haben) und die Abhängigkeiten von Zeiträumen (die Tatsache, lange Zeit in einem Zustand zu verweilen, hat Auswirkungen auf die Chancen, diesen zu verlassen) auf den Prozess der beruflichen Eingliederung. Schätzungen zeigen den großen Einfluss der individuellen Eigenschaften auf die Übergänge. Sie zeigen auch, dass das Durchlaufen des einen oder anderen Zustands des Arbeitsmarkts eine langfristige Auswirkung auf den beruflichen Werdegang haben kann. Die Beschäftigung in einer zeitlich befristeten Stelle zu Beginn der beruflichen Laufbahn kann also auch langfristige Auswirkungen haben. Präziser ausgedrückt, Zeitarbeit führt häufiger zur Nichtarbeit (Arbeitslosigkeit und Inaktivität) als zu einer festen Beschäftigung. Allerdings entwickeln sich die Übergänge zu einer festen Beschäftigung in nicht linearer Form zur der Zeitspanne, die in der zeitlich befristeten Beschäftigung verbracht wurde. Die nicht beobachteten individuellen Eigenschaften scheinen bei den Männern wenig bedeutsam, bei den Frauen dagegen wichtiger zu sein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Are mergers and acquisitions accompanied by increasing recourse to THS employment?: a French perspective (2010)
Zitatform
Bunel, Mathieu, Richard Duhautois & Lucie Gonzalez (2010): Are mergers and acquisitions accompanied by increasing recourse to THS employment? A French perspective. In: Economics Bulletin, Jg. 30, H. 1, S. 614-623.
Abstract
"This paper focuses on variations in employment of temporary help services (THS) employment when firms face mergers & acquisitions (M&As). We use an original French dataset in which the stock of temporary workers is isolated from that of other workers. With descriptive statistics, we observe that the number of temporary workers increases in acquiring firms. We use matching difference-in-differences estimators to check whether the use of THS employment increases after M&As. The results show that M&As are accompanied by increasing recourse to THS employment. The effects are quite strong for 1999 and 2000. The effect is weaker for 2001 because from this year the use of THS employment decreased for the first time since the beginning of the 1980's in France." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Not the right job, but a secure one: over-education and temporary employment in France, Italy and Spain (2010)
Ortiz, Luis;Zitatform
Ortiz, Luis (2010): Not the right job, but a secure one: over-education and temporary employment in France, Italy and Spain. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 47-64. DOI:10.1177/0950017009353657
Abstract
"Recent educational expansion in many OECD countries has renewed interest in over-education. The educational system has often been highlighted as the main source of over-education, whereas the role of the labour market has been neglected. Using European Community Household Panel data on three countries with similar systems of education but different levels of temporary employment, the association between job security and over-education is explored here. The results show that in quite segmented labour markets, where a permanent contract is an especially valuable asset, human capital might be traded off for job security. Over-education thus becomes paradoxically likelier among permanent workers than among temporary ones." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender differences in time availability: evidence from France (2009)
Zitatform
Devetter, Francois-Xavier (2009): Gender differences in time availability. Evidence from France. In: Gender, Work and Organization, Jg. 16, H. 4, S. 429-450. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00439.x
Abstract
"The aim of the article is to examine differences in work time from a gender perspective. To this end, a concept broader than mere duration of work time is constructed. This concept, which we call time availability, encompasses not only the volume of hours worked but also the scheduling and predictability of those hours. It is measured by a synthetic indicator showing the extent to which a given group of workers exceeds the societal time norm. After a presentation of the French context, we show that women seem to have less time availability, particularly at the ages that are most decisive in career terms. But these differences do not concern the same aspects of time availability. Thus the time constraints experienced mainly by women are less socially visible and hence undervalued by employers. This lower visibility comes, for a large part, from the social perception of women professionals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pourquoi les travailleurs précaires ne participent-ils pas à la formation professionnelle continue? (2009)
Zitatform
Perez, Coralie (2009): Pourquoi les travailleurs précaires ne participent-ils pas à la formation professionnelle continue? In: Formation Emploi H. 105, S. 5-20.
Abstract
"Europäische Diskurse über die 'Flexicurity', jüngste Ausrichtungen im französischen Fortbildungssystem und Managementpraktiken laufen auf eine größere Verantwortungsübernahme der Beschäftigten bei der Pflege und Erweiterung ihrer Kompetenzen hinaus. In diesem Umfeld soll hier die Einstellung von prekär Beschäftigten zur Weiterbildung untersucht werden. Es soll ausgeleuchtet werden, was ihre (Nicht-)Teilnahme an Fortbildungen bewirkt, indem ihre Antworten auf die offene Frage in der Untersuchung 'Fortbildung 2000' ausgewertet werden, die ergänzend zur Untersuchung 'Beschäftigung' des INSEE und CEREQ durchgeführt wurde. Die Frage lautete: 'Warum haben Sie seit 2 Jahren keine Fortbildung mitgemacht?' Prekäre Beschäftigungen beeinflussen tatsächlich den persönlichen Einsatz bei der Weiterbildung, allerdings in Größenordnungen, die von der 'prekären Laufbahn' abhängen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary work in coordinated market economies: evidence from front-line service workplaces (2009)
Zitatform
Shire, Karen A., Annika Schönauer, Mireia Valverde & Hannelore Mottweiler (2009): Temporary work in coordinated market economies. Evidence from front-line service workplaces. In: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Jg. 62, H. 4, S. 602-617.
Abstract
"The growing use of temporary contracts in Europe raises the question of whether long-term employment relations are eroding in coordinated market economies, where protective regulations are historically strong. This paper, using data from establishment-level surveys conducted in 2003 - 2005, examines the institutional and organizational factors that have shaped the extent of use of temporary contracts in call centers in six European countries: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Spain, and Sweden. While differences in regulatory regimes appear to have influenced employer behavior in some cases, the exceptions are striking, as the countries with the most stringent restrictions on temporary workers were among the heaviest users of such workers. By contrast, firm-level strategies that retained work in-house and invested in work force skills and training were consistent predictors of the use of long-term contracts as opposed to temporary ones." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zeitarbeit in europäischen Ländern - Lehren für Deutschland? (2009)
Zitatform
Vanselow, Achim & Claudia Weinkopf (2009): Zeitarbeit in europäischen Ländern - Lehren für Deutschland? (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Arbeitspapier 182), Düsseldorf, 68 S.
Abstract
"Die Porträts der Zeitarbeit in Frankreich, Niederlande, Großbritannien, Dänemark. Schweden, Schweiz und Österreich zeigen, dass große Unterschiede in der Regulierung. Sie liefern auch eine Reihe von Anregungen für die deutsche Debatte über eine Re-Regulierung der Leiharbeit. Besonders interessant erscheinen drei Elemente der Regulierung in Frankreich: die auch faktisch wirksame Durchsetzung des Equal Pay-Grundsatzes (ohne die Möglichkeit einer Abweichung durch Tarifvertrag), der Lohnzuschlag in Form einer 'Prekaritätsprämie' und der branchenbezogene Weiterbildungsfonds, aus dem Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen für Zeitarbeitskräfte finanziert werden können. In den Niederlanden haben Zeitarbeitskräfte bei längeren betrieblichen Einsätzen (mehr als sechs Monate) Anspruch auf Equal Pay, was Dauereinsätze für Kundenbetriebe teurer macht und damit die Anreize zur Übernahme in feste Beschäftigung erhöht. In Österreich gibt es tarifliche Mindestlöhne für die Leiharbeit und Zuschläge bei Einsätzen in Hochlohnbranchen. In der Schweiz soll der 2008 abgeschlossene Branchen-Tarifvertrag für allgemeinverbindlich erklärt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender and the contours of precarious employment (2009)
Zitatform
Vosko, Leah F., Martha MacDonald & Iain Campbell (Hrsg.) (2009): Gender and the contours of precarious employment. (Routledge IAFFE Advances in feminist economics), Abingdon: Routledge, 280 S.
Abstract
"Precarious employment presents a monumental challenge to the social, economic, and political stability of labour markets in industrialized societies and there is widespread consensus that its growth is contributing to a series of common social inequalities, especially along the lines of gender and citizenship. The editors argue that these inequalities are evident at the national level across industrialized countries, as well as at the regional level within federal societies, such as Canada, Germany, the United States, and Australia and in the European Union. This book brings together contributions addressing this issue which include case studies exploring the size, nature, and dynamics of precarious employment in different industrialized countries and chapters examining conceptual and methodological challenges in the study of precarious employment in comparative perspective. The collection aims to yield new ways of understanding, conceptualizing, measuring, and responding, via public policy and other means - such as new forms of union organization and community organizing at multiple scales - to the forces driving labour market insecurity." (text exerp, IAB-Doku)
Content:
Leah F. Vosko, Martha Macdonald, Iain Campbell: Introduction: Gender and the concept of precarious employment (1-25);
Leah F. Vosko, Lisa F. Clark: Canada: Gendered precariousness and social reproduction (26-42);
Francoise Carre; James Heintz: The United States: Different sources of precariousness in a mosaic of employment arrangements (43-59);
Iain Campbell, Gillian Whithouse, Janeen Baxter: Australia: Casual employment, part-time employment and the resilience of the male-breadwinner model (60-75);
Heidi Gottfried: Japan: The reproductive bargain and the making of precarious employment (76-91);
Julia S. O'Connor: Ireland: Precarious employment in the context of the European Employment Strategy (92-107);
Jacqueline O'reilly, John Macinnes, Tizana Nazio, Jose M. Roche: The United Kingdom: From flexible employment to vulnerable workers (108-126);
Susanne D. Burri: The Netherlands: Precarious employment in a context of flexicurity (127-142);
Jeanne Fagnani, Marie-Therese Letablier: France: Precariousness, gender and the challenges for labour market policy (143-158);
John Macinnes: Spain: Continuity and change in precarious employment (159-176);
Claudia Weinkopf: Germany: Precarious employment and the rise of mini-jobs (177-193);
Inger Jonsson Anita Nyberg: Sweden: Precarious work and precarious unemployment (194-210);
Martha Macdonald. Spatial dimensions of gendered precariousness: Challenges for comparative analysis (211-225);
Sylvia Fuller: investigating longitudinal dimensions of precarious employment: Conceptual and practical issues (226-239);
Wallace Clement, Sophie Mathieu, Steven Prus Emre Uckardesler: Precarious lives in the new economy: Comparative intersectional analysis (240-255);
Pat Armstrong, Hugh Armstrong: Precarious employment in the health-care sector (256-270) -
Literaturhinweis
Prekäre Vergemeinschaftung und verrückte Kämpfe: repressive Integration als Herrschaftsmodus im prekären Dienstleistungsbereich (2008)
Zitatform
Artus, Ingrid (2008): Prekäre Vergemeinschaftung und verrückte Kämpfe. Repressive Integration als Herrschaftsmodus im prekären Dienstleistungsbereich. In: Prokla. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft, Jg. 38, H. 150, S. 27-48.
Abstract
"In dem Beitrag werden zwei international angelegte Betriebsfallstudien dargestellt. Es handelt sich um zwei global agierende Konzerne, einer aus dem Bereich der Systemgastronomie, der andere aus dem Transportsektor (Paketdienst). Beide Unternehmen zeichnen sich durch weithin prekäre Beschäftigungsbedingungen sowie ausgeprägte Strategien einer vergemeinschaftenden Unternehmenskultur aus. Die Fallstudien basieren auf einer Vielzahl von Interviews mit Managementvertretern, betrieblichen Interessenvertreterinnen sowie Beschäftigten in deutschen sowie französischen Niederlassungen (1). Anschließend geht es um die subjektiven Verarbeitungsformen der Beschäftigten (2). Es wird deutlich, dass die individuelle wie kollektive Interessenvertretung der Beschäftigten unter ausgesprochen rigiden Bedingungen stattfindet (3). Dennoch gibt es Ansatzpunkte für Brüche im System prekärer Vergemeinschaftung (4). Ein abschließendes Resümee zieht ein etwas allgemeineres politisches Fazit zum Thema 'prekäre Kämpfe' (5)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Précarités professionnelles et action collective: la forme syndicale a l' épreuve (2008)
Bouffartigue, Paul;Zitatform
Bouffartigue, Paul (2008): Précarités professionnelles et action collective. La forme syndicale a l' épreuve. In: Travail et Emploi H. 116, S. 33-43.
Abstract
"Three different industrial relations environments, characterised by different forms of precarious employment and modes of trade union and collective action, show that precariousness is a relative, polemical and normative notion that calls into question the social and institutional foundations of trade unionism. In the French Post Office, trade union activity has succeeded in containing the increase in precarious employment and re-asserting union influence among those employees who have joined the company on unstable employment contracts. In petrochemical plants, a number of insecure experiments are attempting to deal with precariousness, to which insufficient attention has been paid in this sector. Strikes have broken out in the fast-food industry, although the trade unions have been unable to gain a real foothold here. The challenge to the trade union movement is all the more radical since the twin reference points of the firm and the industry have lost their relevance as the foundations for trade union organisation and representation and the occupational space concerned offers little prospect of stabilisation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Les fusions-acquisitions conduisent-elles à une augmentation du recours à l'intérim? (2008)
Bunel, Matthieu; Gonzalez, Lucie; Duhautois, Richard;Zitatform
Bunel, Matthieu, Richard Duhautois & Lucie Gonzalez (2008): Les fusions-acquisitions conduisent-elles à une augmentation du recours à l'intérim? (Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi. Document de travail 110), Noisy-le-Grand, 27 S.
Abstract
"This paper focuses on temporary workers recruitment when firms face mergers & acquisitions (M&As). We use an original dataset in which the stock of temporary workers is isolated from other workers. With descriptive statistics, we observe that the number of temporary workers increases in acquiring firms. In order to control for selection bias, we implement difference-in-differences (DD) and difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) estimators. The aim of this method is to measure the impact of mergers and acquisitions by comparing two types of firms: those affected by a restructuring and the others. Results show that M&As are accompanied with an increasing recourse to temporary workers. This recourse is controlled for composition effects and is particularly strong for small firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen: internationale Benchmarking-Studie (2008)
Eichhorst, Werner; Tobsch, Verena;Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner & Verena Tobsch (2008): Familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen. Internationale Benchmarking-Studie. (IZA research report 17), Bonn, 47 S.
Abstract
Das Gutachten untersucht die Entwicklung familienunterstützender Dienstleistungen in der Europäischen Union, vor allem in Schweden, Dänemark, Belgien und Frankreich, und zieht Schlussfolgerungen für die Gestaltung der Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Entwicklung eines Marktes für Dienstleistungen außerhalb bzw. in Ergänzung der öffentlich bereitgestellten Infrastruktur für Kinderbetreuung oder Kranken- und Altenpflege. Unter familienunterstützenden Dienstleistungen sind dabei all diejenigen Tätigkeiten zu verstehen, die von Nicht-Haushaltsmitgliedern gegen Entgelt in privaten Haushalten erbracht werden und die prinzipiell auch von den Nutzern selbst unentgeltlich erbracht werden könnten bzw. traditionell in Eigenarbeit erbracht werden. Die Studie zeigt, dass im Vergleich zu den anderen Ländern in Deutschland - neben der Schattenwirtschaft - das Modell der Minijobs in Privathaushalten vorherrscht, also die direkte Beschäftigung beim Nutzer. Im Ländervergleich besteht in Deutschland nach wie vor Nachholbedarf bei der Entwicklung des Marktes für familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen. Fortschritte lassen sich nach Meinung der Autoren nur über kostenseitige Entlastungen sowie ein einfach zu nutzendes Gutschein- oder Scheckmodell erzielen. Organisatorisch kann dies mit privaten Firmen oder Dienstleistungsagenturen verbunden werden. Familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen bieten sich hier auch als Baustein einer Aktivierungsstrategie für Transferbezieher an. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Preference or constraint?: part-time workers' transitions in Denmark, France and the United Kingdom (2008)
Zitatform
Gash, Vanessa (2008): Preference or constraint? Part-time workers' transitions in Denmark, France and the United Kingdom. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 22, H. 4, S. 655-674. DOI:10.1177/0950017008096741
Abstract
"This article investigates whether women work part-time through preference or constraint and argues that different countries provide different opportunities for preference attainment. It argues that women with family responsibilities are unlikely to have their working preferences met without national policies supportive of maternal employment. Using event history analysis the article tracks part-time workers' transitions to both full-time employment and to labour market drop-out. The article compares the outcome of workers in the UK, a country with little support for maternal employment, relative to Denmark and France, two countries with a long history of facilitating workers' engagement in both paid employment and family life. It finds evidence of part-time constraint in the UK relative to the other two countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bridge or trap? Temporary workers' transitions to unemployment and to the standard employment contract (2008)
Zitatform
Gash, Vanessa (2008): Bridge or trap? Temporary workers' transitions to unemployment and to the standard employment contract. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 24, H. 5, S. 651-668. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcn027
Abstract
"This article analyses the transitions of temporary workers to the standard employment contract and to unemployment. Adopting a comparative framework in an attempt to identify whether labour market institutions parameterize outcomes, four countries with different forms of market structuration are analysed: France, West Germany, Denmark, and the UK. Using the European Community Household Panel survey (ECHP), spanning a period from 1995 to 2001, temporary workers' transitions are investigated using event history analysis techniques. This article establishes higher rates of transition to permanent employment than to unemployment for most temporary workers, though strong between-country differences are found." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pourquoi et pour quoi devient-on intérimaire? (2008)
Glaymann, Dominique;Zitatform
Glaymann, Dominique (2008): Pourquoi et pour quoi devient-on intérimaire? In: Travail et emploi H. 114, S. 33-42.
Abstract
"Every year, in France, two millions of temporary workers are in charge of the equivalent of about 600 000 occupations at full time being in missions of temporary labour. Its intrinsic precariousness and its frequent characteristic of under employment make this kind of job an origin of many difficulties and a great fragility for the workers who are using it. If the duration of a large unemployment and the new management of human resources of the enterprises largely supported the growth of the temporary labour, they can't totally explain its success and its attractivity. Why some workers have recourse to this type of job in spite of its manifest disadvantages? Is it a choice or a constraint? What is the level of autonomy in the decision to contract with an agency? Which purposes the different types of temporary workers are following up during their career despite the impediments they are subjected about their social integration and their socialization?" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Kompetenzentwicklung durch Lernen in der Zeitarbeit? (2008)
Münchhausen, Gesa;Zitatform
Münchhausen, Gesa (2008): Kompetenzentwicklung durch Lernen in der Zeitarbeit? In: European Journal of Vocational Training H. 45, S. 55-76.
Abstract
"Die Frage der Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit wurde bisher in Forschung und Praxis vernachlässigt. Die Expansion und die Spezialität dieser Erwerbsform, insbesondere wegen der vielfach wechselnden Anforderungen an verschiedenen Arbeitsplätzen sowie die von der Bildungspolitik favorisierte Strategie lebenslangen Lernens zum Erhalt und zur Verbesserung von Qualifikationen, machen es notwendig, Konzepte zur Kompetenzentwicklung für diese Zielgruppe aufzuzeigen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die Chancen für eine Kompetenzentwicklung im Wesentlichen in der Zeitarbeit selber liegen, nämlich durch das Lernen in der Arbeit. Bei dieser Form des Lernprozesses werden bereits erworbene Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten kombiniert mit im Prozess der Arbeit sich entwickelnden Potenzialen. Dieser Arbeits- und Lernvorgang zeitigt als Resultat informell erworbene Kompetenzen, die dokumentiert werden konnten und Anhaltspunkte abgeben für eine gezielte Förderung von Kompetenzen in der Zeitarbeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Comment réguler les relations triangulaires de travail?: la RSE face au droit dans le travail intérimaire et les centres d'appels (2008)
Sobczak, André; Havard, Christelle; Feytmans, Brigitte Rorive;Zitatform
Sobczak, André, Brigitte Rorive Feytmans & Christelle Havard (2008): Comment réguler les relations triangulaires de travail? La RSE face au droit dans le travail intérimaire et les centres d'appels. In: Travail et emploi H. 114, S. 21-31.
Abstract
"In an increasing number of economic sectors, the regulation of working situations is weakened by the intrusion of new actors in the traditionally bilateral relation between workers and employers. Given the challenges for labour law created by the involvement of these new actors, new forms of regulation developed by different actors emerge. There is in particular a development of initiatives in the field of corporate social responsibility illustrated by companies' commitment towards persons working for them without being linked to them through a contract of employment, such as employees of suppliers and subcontractors. The aim of this article is to compare the regulation of working relations by labour law and by corporate social responsibility initiatives. Two sectors in which the intrusion of third actors is particularly developed are analysed: temporary working agencies and call centres." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts - the new European inequality?: comparing men and women in West Germany and France (2007)
Zitatform
Gash, Vanessa & Frances McGinnity (2007): Fixed-term contracts - the new European inequality? Comparing men and women in West Germany and France. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 5, H. 3, S. 467-496. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwl020
Abstract
"This paper seeks to reveal whether fixed-term contracts are the new European inequality and does so in a comparative analysis of two countries typically regarded as eurosclerotic: West Germany and France. We compare the wages, wage growth and labour market outcomes of fixed-term contract workers relative to a matched sample of permanent workers with similar characteristics. Using seven waves of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) we find evidence of wage penalties, increased exposure to unemployment and repeat spells of fixed-term employment. However, these tendencies vary significantly by country and by gender. The main finding of this paper is the extent to which fixed-term contract employment is of considerable disadvantage for French women. This is important, as previous research on female employment in the UK and in West Germany (Booth et al., 2002; Giesecke and Gross, 2003), two countries with intermittent female employment, did not find evidence of fixed-term worker disadvantage. Our findings, however, suggest that in countries where female employment tends to be full-time and continuous, the introduction of fixed-term contracts challenges the existing gender contract." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Zukunft des Arbeitsvertrags in Frankreich: zwischen Normenzersplitterung und neuem Beschäftigungsstatus (2007)
Lefresne, Florence;Zitatform
Lefresne, Florence (2007): Die Zukunft des Arbeitsvertrags in Frankreich. Zwischen Normenzersplitterung und neuem Beschäftigungsstatus. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 60, H. 8, S. 455-461. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2007-8-455
Abstract
"Noch gilt der unbefristete Arbeitsvertrag als Standard für die Mehrheit der Beschäftigten in Frankreich, und man sollte mit Vorhersagen über seinen unausweichlichen Niedergang vorsichtig sein. Trotzdem erleben wir seit drei Jahrzehnten eine Zersplitterung der Beschäftigungsnormen. Der Beitrag skizziert diesen, auf eine Flexibilisierung des Arbeitsmarktes ausgerichteten Prozess im historischen Rückblick. Deutlich wird, dass er zu einer Dualisierung des Arbeitsmarktes führt. Prekäre Beschäftigungsverhältnisse stehen vergleichsweise gesicherten Beschäftigungsformen gegenüber. Gleichwohl geraten auch Letztere in einen Destabilisierungssog. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Darstellung und Diskussion der zahlreichen, innerhalb der letzten zehn Jahre entwickelten Vorschläge, die den Arbeitsvertrag auf eine neue Basis stellen und die Erwerbsbiografien absichern sollen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit: Potenziale und Grenzen (2007)
Münchhausen, Gesa; Moser, Klaus ; Möbus, Martine; Wittwer, Wolfgang; Benikowski, Bernd; Brömser, Hans-Peter; Mucke, Kerstin; Fölsch, Thomas; Münchhausen, Gesa; Galais, Nathalie; Pabst, Antje; Jahn, Elke J. ; Pelka, Bastian; Klaus, Annegret; Pietrzyk, Ulrike ; Erpenbeck, John; Schäfer, Ellen; Israel, Dagmar; Seidel, Sabine; Bolder, Axel; Süß, Elmar; Klatt, Rüdiger; Weinkopf, Claudia ; Frieling, Ekkehart; Weiß, Reinhold;Zitatform
Münchhausen, Gesa (Hrsg.) (2007): Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit. Potenziale und Grenzen. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 275 S.
Abstract
"Kompetenzentwicklung ist einer der Schlüssel zur Sicherung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit. Wie kaum eine andere Beschäftigungsform scheint die Zeitarbeit dazu prädestiniert, durch die Vielfalt der Einsatzorte eine maximale Breite von Kompetenzen zu fördern. Vielfalt kann aber auch völlige Orientierungslosigkeit und Beliebigkeit zur Folge haben. Wer soll eine Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit steuern? Wer zeichnet dafür verantwortlich? Wer trägt die Kosten? Gibt es bereits Konzepte? Welche Rahmenbedingungen sind notwendig, um die Kompetenzentwicklung der Zeitarbeiterinnen und Zeitarbeiter zu sichern? Der Sammelband beinhaltet Ergebnisse des hierzu im BIBB durchgeführten Forschungsprojektes sowie der Fachtagung 'Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit - Potenziale und Grenzen'. Dabei werden quantitative Bestandsaufnahmen zum Ausmaß von Zeitarbeit auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, theoretische Überlegungen und Praxiserfahrungen zur Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit, persönliche Erfahrungsberichte sowie internationale Impulse aus Frankreich und den Niederlanden präsentiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary agency work in the European Union (2007)
Pedersen, Henrik Stener; Mahler, Susan; Hansen, Claus Bo;Zitatform
Pedersen, Henrik Stener, Claus Bo Hansen & Susan Mahler (2007): Temporary agency work in the European Union. Dublin, 18 S.
Abstract
"Overall dissatisfaction with their working conditions and job situation among temporary agency workers would seem to indicate the existence of poor working conditions among this group. However, specific health and quality of work indicators paint a more ambiguous picture. They reveal that the main reasons behind this dissatisfaction are the insecurity inherent in this form of employment and the fact that temporary agency work may often be taken up involuntarily.
The purpose of this report is to study the relationship between TAW and the working conditions and health impacts for the workers. It also aims to promote European learning in relation to TAW through presenting national experiences and good practices. The report has been prepared for the European Working Conditions Observatory (EWCO). The information mainly derives from official national surveys as well as from qualitative studies provided by a network of seven European correspondents. These studies were based on a questionnaire prepared by the report coordinator. The seven countries initially engaged in EWCO are: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. Results from pan-European sources and, in particular, the European working conditions survey 2000 are included when relevant as a framework for discussion of the national findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Zeitarbeit in Deutschland und Frankreich: wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, Image und gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz einer boomenden Beschäftigungsform im Vergleich (2007)
Wandel, Matthias;Zitatform
Wandel, Matthias (2007): Zeitarbeit in Deutschland und Frankreich. Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, Image und gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz einer boomenden Beschäftigungsform im Vergleich. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 162 S.
Abstract
"Zeitarbeit in Deutschland boomt und erlangt für den Arbeitsmarkt eine immer größere Bedeutung. Regelmäßige Erfolgsmeldungen aus der Branche und Wachstumsraten im zweistelligen Bereich lassen vermuten, dass es die Zeitarbeitsunternehmen hierzulande endgültig geschafft haben, ihr langjähriges Schmuddelimage abzustreifen. Hat sich die viel diskutierte Beschäftigungsform tatsächlich in der Gesellschaft etabliert? Wie wird Zeitarbeit inzwischen öffentlich wahrgenommen, als Jobmotor oder als Jobkiller? Der Autor analysiert die Fragen anhand eines Vergleichs mit dem Zeitarbeitsmarkt Frankreichs. Er untersucht dafür zunächst wesentliche Einflussfaktoren auf die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz von Zeitarbeit: Ursprung und historische Entwicklung, Terminologie, rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen sowie kulturelle Aspekte. Darauf aufbauend präsentiert er in einem zweiten Schritt eine empirische Untersuchung, bei der über 1600 Probanden, sowohl Deutsche als auch Franzosen, zu Zeitarbeit Stellung nahmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market flexibility and sectoral productivity: a comparative study (2006)
Anderson, Jeremy; Jefferys, Steve; Tasiran, Ali; Grahl, John;Zitatform
Anderson, Jeremy, John Grahl, Steve Jefferys & Ali Tasiran (2006): Labour market flexibility and sectoral productivity. A comparative study. (Employment relations research series 66), London, 41 S.
Abstract
"This report looks at the relationship between employment flexibility and labour market productivity across sectors, comparing Britain with France, Germany and Sweden using data from the Groningen sixty-industry database and the European Labour Force Survey. Initial comparisons indicate strong productivity performance in the recently privatised Inland Transport and Electricity, Gas and Water supply sectors in Britain, and in the IT sectors in all four countries. Further findings suggest that productivity levels in France are positively correlated with temporary work; while productivity growth in Sweden is positively correlated with part-time and temporary work. Only in Sweden is there a positive association between women workers and productivity which suggests that in the other countries female workers still tend to be crowded into the lower productivity sectors. As regards British policy, there is evidence that selfemployment may be the most successful form of flexibility in terms of productivity; temporary and part-time contracts are not associated with better performance. As a whole, highproductivity sectors still tend to employ prime age males on permanent contracts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Formes particulières d'emploi et insertion des jeunes (2006)
Givord, Pauline;Zitatform
Givord, Pauline (2006): Formes particulières d'emploi et insertion des jeunes. In: Economie et Statistique H. 388/389, S. 129-143.
Abstract
"Seit Anfang der 1970er Jahre ist das Modell der lohnabhängigen Arbeit in Form einer unbefristeten Vollzeitbeschäftigung als 'Beschäftigungsnorm' im Rückzug. Die rasche Verbreitung 'besonderer Beschäftigungsformen' in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten ist das sichtbarste Zeichen hierfür. Zwischen 1982 und 2001 hat sich die Anzahl der Zeitarbeiter und der durch spezielle Arbeitsverträge geförderten Personen vervierfacht und die Anzahl der anderen befristeten Arbeitsverträge verdreifacht. Diese besonderen Beschäftigungsformen sind zwar gemessen an der Gesamtbeschäftigung bislang noch in der Minderzahl (15% der lohnabhängigen Arbeit im Privatsektor im Jahre 2002), für viele aber beim Eintritt ins Erwerbsleben mittlerweile unumgänglich. 2002 hatte unter den Personen, die seit weniger als fünf Jahren erwerbstätig sind, jeder dritte einen Zeitvertrag. Die Entwicklung einiger einfacher Indikatoren in den letzten zwanzig Jahren zeigt, dass sich die Eingliederungsbedingungen für die Jugendlichen zwischen Anfang der 1980er Jahre und Ende der 1990er Jahre verschlechterten. Eine größere Flexibilität ermöglichte es nicht, den Anstieg der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit zu bremsen. Der Berufsstart erfolgt häufiger über einen Zeitvertrag, auf den aber immer weniger ein unbefristetes Beschäftigungsverhältnis folgt. Für die Berufsanfänger besteht zunehmend die Gefahr, ihren Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren. Außerdem haben sich die Ungleichheiten zwischen den Inhabern eines Diploms vergrößert. Im Vergleich zu den Inhabern eines Diploms war die Situation der Personen ohne Berufsabschluss Ende der 1990er Jahre deutlich schwieriger als Anfang der 1980er Jahre. Bei gleicher Anzahl von Ausbildungsjahren haben die Absolventen einer Fachhochschule leichter Zugang zur Beschäftigung als die Jugendlichen, die eine allgemeine Ausbildung durchlaufen haben. Ob die Absolventen eines Fachgymnasiums ebenso im Vorteil sind, lässt sich nicht mit Sicherheit sagen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Förderung der Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit (2006)
Münchhausen, Gesa;Zitatform
Münchhausen, Gesa (2006): Förderung der Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit. In: Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 47-51.
Abstract
"Die Frage der Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit wurde bisher in Forschung und Praxis vernachlässigt. Da diese Erwerbsform jedoch zunehmend expandiert, ist es notwendig, Konzepte zur Kompetenzentwicklung für diese Zielgruppe aufzuzeigen. Im Beitrag werden Forschungsergebnisse skizziert, die in einem BIBB-Forschungsprojekt zu diesem Thema erhoben wurden. Ergebnisse aus Fallstudien in den Niederlanden, aus einer Studie in Frankreich, aus Befragungen deutscher Zeitarbeiter/-innen wie auch der Zeitarbeitsunternehmen verdeutlichen, dass die Chancen für eine Kompetenzentwicklung in der Zeitarbeit selber liegen, nämlich in dem Lernen in der Arbeit und den dabei informell erworbenen Kompetenzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Trajectoires d'emploi précaire et formation continue (2006)
Zitatform
Perez, Coralie & Gwenaelle Thomas (2006): Trajectoires d'emploi précaire et formation continue. In: Economie et Statistique H. 388/389, S. 107-127.
Abstract
"Indem die berufliche Weiterbildung den Erwerb und die Weitergabe von Kenntnissen fördert und die Anpassung der Arbeitnehmer an die Beschäftigungsnachfrage der Unternehmen erleichtert, kann sie der Zunahme prekärer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse entgegenwirken und zur Stabilisierung der beruflichen Laufbahnen, die am meisten von Unsicherheit und Arbeitslosigkeit betroffen sind, beitragen. Um die Prekarität besser als durch die bloße Berücksichtigung des beruflichen Zustands zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt anzugehen, werden die Erwerbstätigen, die der Prekarität zwischen 1997 und 2000 am meisten ausgesetzt waren, anhand von sieben typischen beruflichen Werdegängen charakterisiert, angefangen von den von Arbeitslosigkeit dominierten Werdegängen bis hin zu denjenigen, die von der Flexibilisierung der Beschäftigung (befristete Arbeitsverträge, Zeitarbeit) geprägt sind. Unter ansonsten gleichen Voraussetzungen haben die Personen mit solchen Werdegängen weniger Chancen als die anderen (die 'stabilen' Arbeitnehmer), Zugang zur Ausbildung zu erlangen. Deren im Schnitt längere Dauer scheint auf den ersten Blick dieses Handikap auszugleichen. Sie ist auch das Indiz für eine qualifizierende Ausbildung. Diese insgesamt positive Feststellung entspricht in Wirklichkeit tiefgreifenden Ungleichheiten innerhalb der von der Prekarität geprägten Population. Beim Zugang zur Ausbildung sind die von Praktika und Fördermaßnahmen dominierten Laufbahnen sowie die Zeitverträge im öffentlichen Dienst die einzigen Kategorien, deren Lage sich mit derjenigen der stabilen Arbeitnehmer vergleichen lässt. Die langen Ausbildungszeiten sind durch die Arbeitslosigkeit bedingt und werden hauptsächlich vom Staat finanziert, wohingegen bei flexiblen Beschäftigungen eher kürzere Schulungen angeboten werden, die eine Anpassung an die Erfordernisse eines bestehenden Arbeitsverhältnisses ermöglichen sollen. Mithin haben die prekären Arbeitnehmer zugleich weniger Chancen als die anderen, eine von ihrem Arbeitgeber finanzierte Ausbildung zu erhalten, und nur wenige Gelegenheiten, eine vom Staat finanzierte qualifizierende Ausbildung zu absolvieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Regulating new forms of employment: local experiments and social innovation in Europe (2006)
Regalia, Ida; Lope, Andreu; Marginson, Paul; Ballarino, Gabriele ; Mcilroy, Rachel; Duclos, Laurent; Meriaux, Olivier; Gibert, Francesc; Regalia, Ida; Bortolotti, Franco; Scherer, Stefani ; Giaccone, Mariao;Zitatform
Regalia, Ida (Hrsg.) (2006): Regulating new forms of employment. Local experiments and social innovation in Europe. London u.a.: Routledge, 289 S.
Abstract
"Using a comparative framework, this new volume focuses on how non-standard employment can be regulated in very different social, political and institutional settings. After surveying these new forms of work and the new demands for labour-market regulation, the authors identify possible solutions among local-level actors and provide a detailed analysis of how firms assess the advantages and disadvantages of flexible forms of employment. The authors provide six detailed case studies to examine the successes and failures of experimental approaches and social innovation in various regions in the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Spain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmärkte in großstädtischen Agglomerationen: Auswirkungen der Deregulierung und Flexibilisierung am Beispiel der Regionen Stuttgart und Lyon (2005)
Albrecht, Susanne;Zitatform
Albrecht, Susanne (2005): Arbeitsmärkte in großstädtischen Agglomerationen. Auswirkungen der Deregulierung und Flexibilisierung am Beispiel der Regionen Stuttgart und Lyon. (Wirtschaftsgeographie 29), Münster u.a.: LIT, 278 S.
Abstract
"Am Beispiel zweier wirtschaftlich dynamischer europäischer Agglomerationen wird untersucht, welche Umstrukturierungen die regionalen Arbeitsmärkte durch die wachsende Bedeutung flexibler Beschäftigungsformen erfahren. Die methodisch-konzeptionelle Vorgehensweise umfasst eine Mehrebenen-Analyse, bei der sowohl die nationalen Rahmenbedingungen als auch die regionalen Arbeitsmarktentwicklungen und die akteursbedingten Konstellationen (Flexibilisierungsstrategien von Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern am Beispiel des Metallbereichs und des Kreditgewerbes) berücksichtigt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
New modes of business organization and precarious employment: towards the recommodification of labour? (2005)
Zitatform
Frade, Carlos & Isabelle Darmon (2005): New modes of business organization and precarious employment. Towards the recommodification of labour? In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 15, H. 2, S. 107-121.
Abstract
"While much of the international debate on the future of work focuses on the links between new forms of employment and social protection, and especially on transitions between jobs, this paper addresses a still under-researched issue: the interconnections between employment regulations and business strategies in the production of precarious employment. It seeks to make a contribution to a new strand of research which has emerged in France, Britain and the United States and has cast light on the link between new modes of business organization and new forms of employment. The paper particularly highlights labour recommodification processes as the key instrument in this link and illustrates the dynamics at play in three service sectors known for a high incidence of precarious employment - call centres, performing arts, and domiciliary care for the elderly, in five European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
La precarite de l'emploi au service de la prosperite du fast-food (2005)
Nkuitchou Nkouatchet, Raoul;Zitatform
Nkuitchou Nkouatchet, Raoul (2005): La precarite de l'emploi au service de la prosperite du fast-food. In: Sociologie du travail, Jg. 47, H. 4, S. 470-484.
Abstract
"Selon l'approche traditionnelle de l'analyse du travail, la stabilite de l'emploi et la qualification de la main-d'┐uvre sont necessaires a la prosperite d'une branche d'activite. Le fast-food offre un contre-exemple a cette regle. Ici, les principales enseignes proposent depuis l'origine de cette industrie aux etats-Unis, dans les annees 1950, des emplois sans aucune qualification. Ces jobs sont tres bien servis par une main-d'oeuvre jeune et devouee, mais seulement en transit dans les etablissements du fast-food : d'ou un chasse-croise perpetuel entre les entrants et les sortants. Meme si cela entraine quelques soucis operationnels, le fort turn-over arrange les affaires des firmes. Son principe productif et commercial - le flux tendu - requiert un niveau exceptionnel de mobilisation des salaries, et seuls les nouveaux et jeunes equipiers correspondent au profil defini dans les restaurants." (Resume d'auteur, IAB-Doku) ((fr))
"The fast food industry offers an exception to the traditional rule that steady employment and employee qualifications are necessary for business to thrive. Since this industry sprang up in the United States during the 1950s, its major firms have offered unskilled jobs to a young, devoted labor force in transit between fast-food establishments. As a consequence, the itineraries of incoming new hires and outgoing employees crisscross. Though causing a few operational problems, this high turnover rate among wage-earners is good for business. The major (just-in-time) principle of sales and production requires an exceptionally high commitment. Only new, young team-members correspond to the profile defined in these eateries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Managing labour market related risks in Europe: policy implications (2004)
Laparra, Miguel; Vogler-Ludwig, Kurt; Frey, Luigi; Düll, Nicola; Lindley, Robert; Darmon, Isabelle ; Frade, Carlos;Zitatform
Laparra, Miguel (2004): Managing labour market related risks in Europe. Policy implications. Pamplona u.a., 130 S.
Abstract
Die Studie wurde im Rahmen des Projekts ESCOPE erstellt, dessen Zielsetzung es ist, zu einem besseren vergleichenden Verständnis und zu einer besseren vergleichenden Bewertung sogenannter 'prekärer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse' als einer der Hauptaspekte sozialer und sozioökonomischer Unsicherheit und Risiken in Europa beizutragen. Leitende Forschungsfragen sind: Was wird unter 'prekären Beschäftigungsverhältnissen' sowohl seitens der Arbeitsmarktforschung als auch der Politik in fünf untersuchten Ländern (Frankreich, Deutschland, Italien, Spanien, Großbritannien) aber auch auf europäischer und internationaler Ebene verstanden? Welches sind die Hauptmerkmale der Formen prekärer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse und wie wirken sich sektorale Faktoren und nationale Regulierungen aus? Welches Verständnis von 'prekärer Beschäftigung' könnte sowohl aus wissenschaftlicher als auch aus operationaler Hinsicht besser geeignet sein, angemessene Maßnahmen seitens der Politik in Gang zu setzen? Unter dieser Zielsetzung ist der Projektbericht in vier Teile gegliedert: Der erste Teil umfasst eine Bestandsaufnahme der Literatur zu Inhalt und Bedeutung prekärer Beschäftigung, daran schließt ein Überblick über Umfang und Formen derartiger Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an, gefolgt von einer Analyse der Ursachen und Umstände prekärer Beschäftigung in Form von Fallstudien in den fünf Ländern. Abschließend werden die politischen Implikationen der Untersuchungsergebnisse auf europäischer Ebene diskutiert. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Kündigungsschutz, Befristung und Leiharbeit in Europa (2004)
Zachert, Ulrich;Zitatform
Zachert, Ulrich (2004): Kündigungsschutz, Befristung und Leiharbeit in Europa. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 57, H. 3, S. 132-137.
Abstract
"Die vergleichende Untersuchung der normativen und tatsächlichen Lage in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern gibt Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass viele gegen die bestehenden Schutzstandards in der nationalen Debatte wiederholt vorgetragenen Argumente entweder unrichtig oder undifferenziert sind. Der Beitrag bietet eine Darstellung der rechtlichen Aspekte des Kündigungsschutzes (z.B. das Verhältnis zwischen Richterrecht und Gesetzesrecht, die Regelung von Schwellenwerten und Abfindungen und Prekaritätsabfindungen, die Möglichkeit der Weiterbeschäftigung und die Präventivfunktion) und ergänzt diese um eine Darstellung der rechtlichen Regelungen zur Befristung und Leiharbeit. Dabei wird untersucht, dass die atypischen Beschäftigungsformen als Ausweichstrategie für zu rigiden Kündigungsschutz genutzt werden können oder aber als Brücke zum Dauerarbeitsvertrag oder Drehtüreffekt dienen. Ein wesentliches Ergebnis des Beitrags ist, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitsmarkt und Regulierungsintensität der Beendigungstatbestände in der (fach-)öffentlichen Diskussion stark überschätzt wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Symposium on temporary work (2002)
Booth, Alison L. ; Dolado, Juan J. ; Storrie, Donald; Frank, Jeff ; Francesconi, Marco ; Holmlund, Bertil; García-Serrano, Carlos ; Landier, Augustin ; Jimeno, Juan F. ; Blanchard, Olivier ;Zitatform
Booth, Alison L., Juan J. Dolado, Jeff Frank, Marco Francesconi, Olivier Blanchard, Augustin Landier, Bertil Holmlund, Donald Storrie, Carlos García-Serrano & Juan F. Jimeno (2002): Symposium on temporary work. In: The economic journal, Jg. 112, H. 480, S. 181-295.
Abstract
"This symposium gathers together comparative evidence on the nature and evolution of temporary work in countries with different regulatory frameworks and different labour market conditions. Some of the evidence is microeconomic, providing information on the extent to which temporary jobs are 'good' or 'bad' in terms of worker compensation and career possibilities. Other evidence is macroeconomic, and sheds light both on forces that may explain the rise in temporary work and on the consequences of an increased prevalence of temporaty jobs. The four papers in the symposium examine temporary work in four EU countries: Britain, France, Spain and Sweden. The reason for looking across countries is that the differing institutions in each country - notably the degree of employment protection - allow as to examine different features of temporary work. Overall, the papers in this symposium suggest that the expansion of temporary jobs as a way of increasing labour market flexibility may be undesirable. In the absence of strong employment protection for permanent jobs, as in Britain, temporary jobs are - from worker's perspective - bad jobs, with possible long-term career implications, in particular for men. Even where there is strong EPL for permanent jobs - as in France - the expansion of temporary jobs may be undesirable, leading to high turnover among younger workers. The Swedish study, investigating the causes of the rapid growth in temporary work over the 1990s, suggests that adverse macroeconomic shocks can trigger substantial increases in temporary work. Finally, the Spanish study shows that, once temporary jobs are entrenched in a dual labour market, later reforms to restrict their growth can be unsuccessful, indicating that attempts to reduce firing costs for permanent contracts have so far been insufficient." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The perverse effects of partial labor market reform: Fixed duration contracts in France (2001)
Zitatform
Blanchard, Olivier & Augustin Landier (2001): The perverse effects of partial labor market reform: Fixed duration contracts in France. (NBER working paper 8219), Cambridge, Mass., 43 S. DOI:10.3386/w8219
Abstract
"Rather than decrease firing costs across the board, a number of European countries have allowed firms to hire workers on fixed-duration contracts. At the end of a given duration, these contracts can be terminated at little or no cost. If workers are kept on however, the contracts become subject to regular firing costs. We argue in this paper that the effects of such a partial reform of employment protection may be perverse. The main effect may be high turnover in fixed-duration jobs, leading in turn to higher, not lower, unemployment. And, even if unemployment comes down, workers may actually be worse off, going through many spells of unemployment and fixed duration jobs, before obtaining a regular job. Looking at French data for young workers since the early 1980s, we conclude that the reforms have substantially increased turnover, without a substantial reduction in unemployment duration. If anything, their effect on welfare of young workers appears to have been negative." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Les mutations du travail en Europe (2000)
Lestrade, Brigitte; Boutillier, Sophie;Zitatform
Lestrade, Brigitte & Sophie Boutillier (Hrsg.) (2000): Les mutations du travail en Europe. (Collection economie et innovation), Paris: Harmattan, 415 S.
Abstract
Die Beiträge des Bandes analysieren neuere Entwicklungen des Arbeitsmarktes in Frankreich und in West- und Osteuropa. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die Entwicklung der Beschäftigungsformen und die Flexibilisierung der Arbeitsmärkte durch Maßnahmen der Deregulierung. (IAB)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht