Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Das IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Employment and working conditions of the most vulnerable workers – Addressing an ongoing policy challenge (2026)
Zitatform
Adăscăliței, Dragoș, Karel Fric, Guillermo Orfao & Tina Weber (2026): Employment and working conditions of the most vulnerable workers – Addressing an ongoing policy challenge. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Luxembourg, 56 S. DOI:10.2806/5197522
Abstract
"Labour markets in the European Union (EU) have seen a marked rise in non-standard employment over the past two decades. While such arrangements can offer greater flexibility and better work–life balance, workers can be vulnerable when such arrangements are involuntary or when they combine multiple non-standard characteristics. This report conceptualises employment vulnerability through a multidimensional lens. It analyses the prevalence of vulnerability across the EU-27 from 2009 to 2021, its relation to working life and associated health outcomes. The findings show that women, young people, migrants and other disadvantaged groups are at higher risk of employment vulnerability. Workers experiencing multiple dimensions of vulnerability have poorer job prospects, limited access to training and development opportunities, less autonomy, a lower level of organisational participation and higher risks of anxiety and depression. In contrast, among workers who experience employment vulnerability in one area only, the effects on working life are mixed. The report also reviews EU and national policy responses, highlighting measures to strengthen contractual certainty, regulate precarious contracts and support the transition to secure employment while offering both flexibility and protection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Navigating careers in non-traditional work: Toward a more context-sensitive and dynamic research agenda (2026)
Zitatform
Akkermans, Jos, Daniel Spurk, Mina Beigi, Annabelle Hofer & Nele De Cuyper (2026): Navigating careers in non-traditional work: Toward a more context-sensitive and dynamic research agenda. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 168. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2026.104263
Abstract
"Non-traditional work arrangements, including freelance, gig, platform-based, and entrepreneurial work, have moved from the margins to the mainstream of contemporary labor markets. These arrangements offer flexibility, autonomy, and new opportunities for meaningful work, yet they also bring insecurity, fragmented career paths, and limited institutional support. This editorial introduction article makes the case for studying non-traditional careers. It then provides an integrative overview of the six special issue articles, which explore how individuals navigate careers in non-traditional work, addressing themes such as identity and aspiration, calling and purpose, sensemaking during career shocks, proactive coping and self-leadership, and the role of platforms and intermediaries. Across these contributions, two themes stand out: careers in non-traditional work are deeply context-bound, shaped by institutional, technological, and social environments that both enable and constrain individual agency; and they unfold temporally, through cycles of action, feedback, and adaptation. Building on these insights, we outline a research agenda calling for more context-sensitive and dynamic approaches to studying non-traditional careers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Authors. Published by ElsevierInc.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lower cost at a cost? The effects of flexible labour on non-profit operational outcomes (2026)
Altamimi, Hala; Liu, Qiaozhen;Zitatform
Altamimi, Hala & Qiaozhen Liu (2026): Lower cost at a cost? The effects of flexible labour on non-profit operational outcomes. In: Public Management Review, Jg. 28, H. 7, S. 1924-1958. DOI:10.1080/14719037.2025.2526533
Abstract
"The rise of flexible labour promises cost savings and flexibility. However, empirical research examining the organizational consequences of this employment model remains limited. Our analysis of panel data (2008–2018) on non-profits in the U.S. shows that flexible labour negatively influences operational outcomes. This effect is pronounced when these workers are involved in core organizational functions. The findings suggest that the increasing reliance on flexible labour promotes a short-term transactional employment approach incompatible with the sector’s institutional, motivational, and relational context. We suggest avenues for better aligning flexible labour use with non-profits organizational values and mission." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Important is Selection into Full-time and Part-time Employment? A New Panel Data Sample Selection Model for Estimating Wage Profiles (2026)
Zitatform
Been, Jim, Marike Knoef & Heike Vethaak (2026): How Important is Selection into Full-time and Part-time Employment? A New Panel Data Sample Selection Model for Estimating Wage Profiles. In: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Jg. 44, H. 1, S. 215-226. DOI:10.1080/07350015.2025.2520851
Abstract
"The literature has shown that correcting for self-selection into work is important for the estimation of wage profiles. In this paper, we analyze to what extent intensive labor supply choices add valuable otherwise unobserved information to improve wage profile estimates. We develop a panel data sample selection model that allows for discrete choices in labor supply decisions and apply this to high-quality administrative data. Compared to labor supply decisions at the extensive margin, our new approach is able to control for additional unobserved heterogeneity from intensive labor supply choices with important consequences for the existence and direction of selection into (part-time) work. Applied to the data, we find that such information is especially important for estimating part-time wage profiles for women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Host Country Effect in the Platform Economy: Insights from Meal Delivery in Germany and Austria (2026)
Zitatform
Beyer, Jürgen & Janis Ewen (2026): The Host Country Effect in the Platform Economy: Insights from Meal Delivery in Germany and Austria. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, S. 1-26. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2025-0020
Abstract
"Dieser Artikel beschreibt anhand einer Fallstudie zu Lieferando – dem Marktführer in Deutschland und Österreich – wie Host-Country-Effekte die Organisation der Arbeit auf Online-Plattformen im Bereich der Lebensmittellieferung beeinflussen. Entgegen der Erwartung, dass Plattformunternehmen weltweit standardisierte Modelle der Gig-Arbeit-Organisation verbreiten würden, hat Lieferando seine Beschäftigten in beiden Ländern ursprünglich mit Arbeitsverträgen ausgestattet. Seit Neuestem verfolgt Lieferando jedoch divergierende Beschäftigungsstrategien: In Deutschland ist eine Umstellung auf Lieferungen durch Subunternehmen erfolgt, und in Österreich werden den Lieferanten nun statt Arbeitsverträgen sogenannte freie Dienstverträge angeboten. Diese auf Host-Country-Effekte zurückgehenden Entwicklungen in beiden Ländern spiegeln den Einfluss der nationalen Rechtsrahmen, institutioneller Traditionen und einer Plattformstrategie wider, die durch die Übernahme von Lieferandos Muttergesellschaft Just Eat Takeaway durch Prosus in eine andere Richtung gelenkt wurde. Trotz einer starken Tradition der Arbeitnehmervertretung und Tarifverhandlungen in beiden Ländern unterstreichen die jüngsten Entwicklungen die Anfälligkeit von Plattformarbeit gegenüber regulatorischen Lücken, kapitalgetriebenen Umstrukturierungen und sinkenden Arbeitsstandards." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Adapting social security to the needs of platform Workers – comparing the effects of EU initiatives in the Netherlands and Germany (2026)
Zitatform
Brega, Carla & Karin Schulze Buschoff (2026): Adapting social security to the needs of platform Workers – comparing the effects of EU initiatives in the Netherlands and Germany. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, S. 1-26. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2025-0023
Abstract
"Vor dem Hintergrund der Bedeutungszunahme der digitalen Plattformarbeit werden in Europa verstärkt Debatten über die Einstufung von Arbeitsverhältnissen und ihren sozialen Schutz geführt. Plattformbeschäftigte werden in der Regel als Selbstständige eingestuft, weshalb sie von den für Arbeitnehmer*innen konzipierten Arbeitsschutz- und Sozialversicherungssystemen ausgeschlossen sind. Die EU-Richtlinie zur Plattformarbeit (2024) befasst sich mit diesem Problem durch eine widerlegbare Vermutung des Beschäftigungsstatus, wodurch die (Re-)Klassifizierung von Plattformbeschäftigten als Arbeitnehmer*innen erleichtert werden soll. Wir argumentieren, dass eine (Re-)Klassifizierung allein möglicherweise nicht ausreicht, um einen angemessenen sozialen Schutz zu gewährleisten. Plattformarbeit ist häufig eine Nebentätigkeit für Menschen mit mehreren Jobs, unregelmäßigen Einkommen und fragmentierten Beschäftigungsverhältnissen – Beschäftigungsmuster, die Sozialversicherungssysteme herausfordern, die auf standardmäßigen Vollzeitbeschäftigungsverhältnissen bei einem einzigen Arbeitgeber basieren. Selbst wenn sie den Status eines abhängig Beschäftigten erlangen, können Plattformbeschäftigte die Voraussetzungen für die Arbeitslosenversicherung, für Rentenansprüche und andere Sozialleistungen nicht erfüllen. Anhand einer vergleichenden institutionellen Analyse Deutschlands und der Niederlande untersuchen wir, wie unterschiedliche Konfigurationen des Sozialstaats sowohl den (Re-)Klassifizierungsprozess als auch das Verhältnis von Beschäftigungsstatus und effektivem Zugang zu Sozialleistungen beeinflussen. Das konservative korporatistische Modell Deutschlands schafft eine scharfe Trennung zwischen dem Schutz von Arbeitnehmer*innen und Selbstständigen, während der hybride Flexicurity-Ansatz der Niederlande atypische Beschäftigungsverhältnisse flexibler berücksichtigt. Unsere Analyse zeigt, dass keines der beiden Modelle diesen Herausforderungen gerecht wird, was darauf hindeutet, dass Initiativen zur (Re-)Klassifizierung auf der EU-Ebene mit gleichzeitigen Reformen der nationalen Sozialversicherungssysteme einhergehen müssen, um Plattformbeschäftigten einen adäquaten Schutz zu bieten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Ein blinder Fleck in der Teilzeitdebatte: Einschränkungen des Rechtsanspruchs auf Teilzeit würden Frauen stärker treffen als Männer (2026)
Zitatform
Burkert, Carola, Britta Matthes & Laila Schmitt (2026): Ein blinder Fleck in der Teilzeitdebatte: Einschränkungen des Rechtsanspruchs auf Teilzeit würden Frauen stärker treffen als Männer. In: IAB-Forum – Grafik aktuell H. 04.03.2026. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.GA.20260304.01
Abstract
"Im Dezember 2024 arbeitete bundesweit fast jede zweite Frau nicht in Vollzeit, während es bei den Männern nur 14 Prozent waren. Selbst wenn man berücksichtigt, dass nicht in allen Berufen gleichermaßen Teilzeitarbeit möglich ist, ändert sich nichts an diesem Befund. Daher würden Einschränkungen des Rechtsanspruchs auf Teilzeit Frauen stärker treffen als Männer." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Income in the Off-Season: Household Adaptation to Yearly Work Interruptions (2026)
Zitatform
Coglianese, John & Brendan M. Price (2026): Income in the Off-Season: Household Adaptation to Yearly Work Interruptions. In: ILR review, Jg. 79, H. 3, S. 408-434. DOI:10.1177/00197939251406145
Abstract
"Joblessness is highly seasonal. To analyze how households adapt to seasonal joblessness, the authors introduce a measure of seasonal work interruptions premised on the idea that a seasonal worker will tend to exit employment around the same time each year. They show that an excess share of prime-age US workers experience recurrent separations spaced exactly 12 months apart. Examining workers most prone to seasonal work interruptions, the authors find that they incur large earnings losses during the off-season that are little offset by other sources of income. On net, household income falls by about $0.80 for each $1.00 lost in an individual’s own earnings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Der Anstieg der Zahl der Erwerbstätigen in den letzten zehn Jahren ist weitestgehend dem Wachstum der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung geschuldet (2026)
Zitatform
Fitzenberger, Bernd & Karolin Hiesinger (2026): Der Anstieg der Zahl der Erwerbstätigen in den letzten zehn Jahren ist weitestgehend dem Wachstum der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung geschuldet. In: IAB-Forum – Grafik aktuell H. 11.03.2026. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.GA.20260311.01
Abstract
"In Deutschland arbeiten mehr Menschen denn je: Die Zahl der Erwerbstätigen ist seit 2015 um 6,6 Prozent von etwa 43 Millionen auf fast 46 Millionen Menschen im Jahr 2025 gestiegen – ein neuer Rekord. Der alleinige Blick auf die Entwicklung dieses Wertes verkennt jedoch die dramatischen Verschiebungen in der Struktur der Erwerbstätigkeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Befristungen bei Neueinstellungen 2025 (2026)
Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole, Alexander Kubis & Martin Popp (2026): Befristungen bei Neueinstellungen 2025. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 9 S.
Abstract
"Im Rahmen der IAB-Stellenerhebung gaben die Betriebe an, im Jahr 2025 in Deutschland rund 4,2 Mio. sozialversicherungspflichtige Neueinstellungen (ohne Auszubildende und ohne Mini Jobs) vorgenommen zu haben. Hiervon waren 26 Prozent, also rund 1,1 Mio. Stellen (zunächst) befristet. Die Befristung von Neueinstellungen ermöglicht den Betrieben, die Fähigkeiten von Bewerberinnen und Bewerbern zu überprüfen, bevor ein unbefristetes Arbeitsverhältnis eingegangen wird. Durch den Abschluss von befristeten Arbeitsverträgen können Betriebe ohne langfristige Mittelbindung häufig auch Jobs anbieten, die sonst vielleicht nicht finanzierbar gewesen wären. Darüber hinaus haben Befristungen für Betriebe zudem den Vorteil, dass sie (Entlassungs-)Kosten vermeiden können, die gegebenenfalls im Rahmen des allgemeinen oder tarifvertraglich erweiterten Kündigungsschutzes entstehen können. Als weiteres wichtiges betriebliches Motiv für befristete Neueinstellungen ist zudem ein vorübergehender Mehrbedarf an Arbeitskräften etwa infolge temporärer Auftragsspitzen zu nennen. Die Tatsache, dass Betriebe befristete Neueinstellungen vornehmen können, kann u.a. darin begründet sein, dass Betriebe über Marktmacht verfügen, die den Abschluss von befristeten Verträgen erleichtert. Zu beachten ist, dass die Befristungsquoten bei Neueinstellungen deutlich oberhalb des Anteils befristeter Beschäftigung an der Gesamtbeschäftigung liegen. Rund 2,6 Millionen Beschäftigte in Deutschland hatten laut IAB-Betriebspanel im Jahr 2024 einen befristeten Arbeitsvertrag. Das entspricht einem Anteil an allen Beschäftigten (ohne Auszubildende) von 6,3 Prozent. Die Diskrepanz zwischen dem Anteil befristeter Neueinstellungen und dem Befristungsanteil aller Beschäftigter zeigt, dass befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in nennenswertem Ausmaß in unbefristete Arbeitsverträge umgewandelt werden. Aktuell setzt sich der seit 2016 beobachtete rückläufige Trend bei der Befristung von Neueinstellungen im Jahr 2025 nicht weiter fort." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Longitudinal employment patterns and parental health: A cross-country look (2026)
Zitatform
Han, Wen-Jui, Johanna Carrasco Saravia, Matthias Pollmann-Schult, Tinh Doan & Jianghong Li (2026): Longitudinal employment patterns and parental health: A cross-country look. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 21, H. 6. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0350945
Abstract
"Study aims: Using a cross-country lens, we investigate the links between longitudinal work trajectories and health among parents with children under age 18. Background: Employment serves as a valuable resource, affording us a decent standard of living. The rising dominance of digital and technology, together with the service economy since the 1980s, has transformed the utility of employment from a resource to a vulnerability, subjecting more families to uncertain, unstable, and insecure work. Nonstandard work schedules or shiftwork, which often fall outside regular 9-to-5 daytime hours and can be unpredictable, carry potential health consequences. Methods: Using the longitudinal data from Australia (HILDA), Germany (SOEP), the UK (UKHLS), and the US (NLSY79), we used sequence analysis to first chart parental work schedule patterns between three stages of the life course, 25–34, 35–44, and 45–54, to show the changes and transitions in work patterns. We then conducted multivariate regression analysis to examine how variations in parental work patterns may shape individual health (i.e., physical and mental health) at ages 35/40, 45/50, and 55/60 while controlling for a rich set of sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Our sequence analyses uncovered roughly 4–6 work patterns during those three periods, revealing the heterogeneities of parental work trajectories that might correspond to childrearing demands and their sociodemographic backgrounds. We also found that mainly not-working pattern or volatile work arrangements (e.g., switching between daytime and non-daytime hours) were associated with significantly poorer physical and mental health; however, the persistence and magnitude of these associations varied by country. Conclusions: This study advances our understanding of the critical role of employment in our health from a cross-country perspective and bears important implications for the intergenerational transmission of employment and health vulnerabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment and further training. Does training promote the transition from temporary to permanent employment? (2026)
Zitatform
Helbig, Alexander & Martin Ehlert (2026): Temporary employment and further training. Does training promote the transition from temporary to permanent employment? In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 102. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101130
Abstract
"The article analyses the returns to further training courses among a vulnerable group: the temporary employed. We address the important question of whether non-formal further training promotes the transition to permanent work and thus helps to escape precarious employment trajectories. According to human capital theory, work-related training increases workers’ productivity and might also serve as a positive signal to employers, as signaling theory suggests. On the other hand, firms may combine training and transitions to permanent jobs for selected workers. We use data from the German Educational Panel Study and apply event history models to test these conflicting theoretical assumptions. In general, the results suggest positive effects of non-formal further training on transitions to permanent work. Especially employer-funded training shows a strong correlation with transitions within the same firm, but not with transitions to other firms. This seems to be both due to signaling of motivation and firm internal pathways that combine training and transitions. Individual, self-funded training on the other hand does not seem to affect any transition chances further indicating that firm-internal mechanisms are more important than human capital development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jung, akademisch, (immer noch) prekär: Studentische Erwerbsarbeit an Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen (2026)
Zitatform
Hopp, Marvin, Ann-Kathrin Hoffmann, Nina Moya Schreieder & Heiner Heiland (2026): Jung, akademisch, (immer noch) prekär. Studentische Erwerbsarbeit an Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen. Göttingen, 178 S. DOI:10.47952/gro-publ-370
Abstract
"Die bereits 2021 vereinbarte Bestandsaufnahme zu den Arbeitsbedingungen haben die studentischen Beschäftigten selbst in die Hand genommen, denn weder über die Zahl der Beschäftigten noch über deren konkrete Beschäftigungsbedingungen lagen aktuelle Erkenntnisse vor. Dies änderte die erste Fassung des vorliegenden Forschungsberichts aus dem Jahr 2023, die das Ergebnis der bislang größten Befragung von studentischen Beschäftigten in der Bundesrepublik war. Durchgeführt wurde sie von der Abteilung „Wandel der Arbeitsgesellschaft“ des Instituts Arbeit und Wirtschaft der Universität Bremen (iaw) in Kooperation mit ver.di und GEW sowie den bundesweiten TVStud-Initiativen. Mit der nun vorliegenden Folgebefragung aus dem Sommersemester 2025, die von einem Team der Georg- August-Universität Göttingen durchgeführt wurde, bestätigt sich erneut das erschreckende Bild: Ein großer Teil der Beschäftigten nimmt bestehenden Urlaubsanspruch nicht wahr oder arbeitet Krankheitstage nach – und das teilweise unter expliziter Aufforderung durch Vorgesetzte, wochenlang ohne Bezahlung oder gar Arbeitsvertrag. Studentische Beschäftigte erbringen ihre Tätigkeiten weiterhin in einem Feld, in dem sie oft weitgehend von betrieblicher Mitbestimmung ausgeschlossen werden und in dem grundlegende Arbeitsrechtsverstöße die Regel statt die Ausnahme sind." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Does the stepping-stone effect of temporary agency employment vary over the business cycle? (2026)
Zitatform
Jahn, Elke & Michael Rosholm (2026): Does the stepping-stone effect of temporary agency employment vary over the business cycle? In: The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Jg. 128, H. 4, S. 939-977., 2025-12-01. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.70010
Abstract
"We examine the cyclicality of the stepping-stone effect of temporary agency work in Germany across three business cycles using administrative data and a timing-of-events model. We estimate in- and post-treatment effects and their response to the unemployment rate. We find a strong lock-in effect of agency employment, particularly in tight labor markets, suggesting that firms rarely use agency work for screening. The positive post-treatment effect is larger in downturns, indicating that workers activate the networks built during agency jobs. The matching quality improves for those transitioning directly into regular employment, with greater gains in upturns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does the level of unemployment protection influence how job insecurity impacts health (2026)
Zitatform
Krug, Gerhard & Monika Jungbauer-Gans (2026): Does the level of unemployment protection influence how job insecurity impacts health. (SocArXiv papers), 23 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/7mjkd_v1
Abstract
"This study examines the relationship between job insecurity, defined as the expectation of job loss, and the health status of employed persons. We investigate whether the impact of job insecurity on health is influenced by the level of unemployment protection provided by the welfare state. We consider the 2005 German welfare reform as a natural experiment and use a difference-in-differences propensity score weighting estimator to analyse repeated large-scale cross-sectional surveys from 1999, 2006 and 2012. Job insecurity is a binary treatment indicator derived from the self-assessed risk of dismissal. Health is measured by the number of health complaints during or immediately after work. We find that the reform has led to a statistically significant increase in the negative impact of job insecurity on health. In addition to this short-term effect, a long-term effect of a similar magnitude was also observed. Furthermore, the effects of the reform are statistically insignificant for low- and high-income employees, but statistically significant for middle-income employees. For female employees, the effect is smaller but still statistically significant at the 5 % level, while it is stronger and also statistically significant for male employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious employment and mental health: the moderating role of household income and family type in Sweden (2026)
Kvart, Signild ; Mangot-Sala, Lluís ; Thern, Emelie ; Bodin, Theo ; Badarin, Kathryn ; Östergren, Per-Olof ; Gunn, Virginia; Aronsson, Amanda; Julià, Mireia ; Mendez-Rivero, Fabrizio; Johansson, Gun ; Matilla-Santander, Nuria; Bosmans, Kim ; Kreshpaj, Bertina;Zitatform
Kvart, Signild, Lluís Mangot-Sala, Amanda Aronsson, Kathryn Badarin, Kim Bosmans, Virginia Gunn, Gun Johansson, Mireia Julià, Bertina Kreshpaj, Nuria Matilla-Santander, Fabrizio Mendez-Rivero, Emelie Thern, Per-Olof Östergren & Theo Bodin (2026): Precarious employment and mental health: the moderating role of household income and family type in Sweden. In: BMC public health, Jg. 26, H. 1. DOI:10.1186/s12889-026-26259-x
Abstract
"This study investigated the moderating role of household disposable income and family type on the association between precarious employment (PE) and diagnosed mental disorders. This longitudinal study used register data from the Swedish Work, Illness, and Labour-market Participation (SWIP) cohort. The study population included all individuals aged 27–65 who were employed in 2016 (n = 2,509,229). Precarious employment was measured using the Swedish Register-based Operationalization of Precarious Employment (SWE-ROPE 2.0), which captures employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and lack of rights and protection. Diagnosed mental disorders during 2017–2019 were identified through national inpatient, outpatient, and prescription registers. Household disposable income and family type (2016) were examined as moderators. Cox regression models estimated the effect of precarious employment on diagnosed mental disorders, with moderation assessed using two-way interaction terms. The risk of diagnosed mental disorders was higher among those in PE (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.18–1.23) compared with those in standard employment, across household income levels and family types. High household income was generally protective, but the interaction between PE and high income indicated that this protective effect was reduced for individuals in PE, both among men (interaction HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.43) andwomen (interaction HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13–1.38). Among women, family types other than “couple without children” amplified the effects of PE on diagnosed mental disorders. The interaction for single mothers (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14–1.42) showed that the combined effect of PE and single motherhood exceeded the sum of their separate effects. Higher household income does not fully buffer the negative impact of PE on diagnosed mental disorders, and the negative impact of PE appears stronger for women, especially mothers. The findings are most generalisable to contexts with similar welfare regimes and gender norms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Enshittification of Work: Platform Decay and Labour Conditions in the Gig Economy (2026)
Zitatform
Maffie, Michael David & Hector Hurtado (2026): The Enshittification of Work: Platform Decay and Labour Conditions in the Gig Economy. In: BJIR, Jg. 64, H. 1, S. 5-20. DOI:10.1111/bjir.70004
Abstract
"This study investigates the mechanisms by which gig platforms degrade labor conditions over time, building on the concept of platform decay, or ‘enshittification’, initially developed in the context of social media platforms. In this article, we draw on 30 interviews with long-term gig workers in the ride-hail and grocery delivery sectors, offering insights into how these companies shift from offering attractive working conditions to exploiting labor as these services develop market power via network effects. We identify three mechanisms through which gig companies claw back value from workers over time: burden shifting (transferring operational costs to workers), feature addition and alteration (increasing the demands on workers), and market manipulation (reducing worker bargaining power). We then explore how workers respond to platform decay, finding that workers adopt three responses: effort recalibration , multi-homing and navigating the changing conditions through what we term toxic resilience . This study contributes to the gig work literature by developing a framework to explain how working conditions in the gig economy improve or degrade over time. In doing so, this article provides a framework for organizing the growing constellation of labour research on gig workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market insecurity and parental co-residence in the United Kingdom: heterogeneities by parental class and age (2026)
Zitatform
Ramos, Vincent Jerald & Ann Berrington (2026): Labour market insecurity and parental co-residence in the United Kingdom: heterogeneities by parental class and age. In: European Sociological Review, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcaf058
Abstract
"Amidst young adults’ increasing labour market insecurity and rates of parental co-residence, this article examines how unemployment and underexplored forms of non-standard employment (NSE)—underemployment and temporary and agency work (TAW) —are associated with inter-generational co-residence in the United Kingdom. Refining the feathered nest/gilded cage hypothesis to incorporate forms of non-NSE, we analyse how parental social class moderates this relationship across the transition to adulthood phase, driven by both protective and propellant motives. We estimate logistic regression models using the 2021–2024 waves of the UK Labour Force Survey, which allow for a precise identification of time-related underemployment and agency working. Results suggest that states of labour underutilization (underemployment) and impermanence (TAW) as well as unemployment are all associated with higher probabilities of parental co-residence relative to standard employment. This relationship is in part mediated by earnings disparities. Further, socio-economic background matters—the positive insecurity co-residence association is most pronounced amongst young adults from service-class backgrounds. This is consistent with a refined feathered nest/gilded cage hypothesis whereby higher parental resources facilitate co-residence at earlier phases of adulthood transitions, especially for young adults facing labour market insecurities, but this slightly tapers off with age." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Nonstandard work schedules and work-life balance in dual-earner households: The role of parenthood (2026)
Zitatform
Resendez, Sarahi, Jianghong Li & Matthias Pollmann-Schult (2026): Nonstandard work schedules and work-life balance in dual-earner households: The role of parenthood. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 38, S. 1-22. DOI:10.20377/jfr-1259
Abstract
"Objective: This study examines whether nonstandard work schedules (NSWS) improve or hinder work-life balance (WLB) for parents and non-parents in dual-earner households. Background: Previous research shows that NSWS can negatively affect workers' well-being. However, less is known about whether and to what extent these effects differ between parents and childless individuals. Method: Using data from the first wave of the German Family Demography Panel Study (FReDA), linear regression models are applied to assess whether the effect of NSWS on WLB is influenced by family circumstances. Results: Parenthood is generally associated with lower WLB. However, the negative association between NSWS and WLB is more pronounced among childless workers. Notably, mothers of young children (ages 0-5), as well as fathers of school-aged children (ages 6-12) working NSWS report higher WLB than their childless counterparts. Conclusion: Parents with NSWS in dual-earner households do not necessarily experience lower WLB than childless workers. In some cases, NSWS may even help parents better reconcile work and family responsibilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Flexploitation" nach Pierre Bourdieu in der heutigen Arbeitswelt: Eine Untersuchung von Plattformarbeit und atypischer Beschäftigung (2026)
Zitatform
(2026): "Flexploitation" nach Pierre Bourdieu in der heutigen Arbeitswelt. Eine Untersuchung von Plattformarbeit und atypischer Beschäftigung. (Sachstand / Deutscher Bundestag, Wissenschaftliche Dienste), Berlin, 27 S.
Abstract
"Im Rahmen des Kongresses „Rencontres Européennes contre la précarité“ 1 in Grenoble 1997 prägte der französische Soziologe und Sozialphilosoph Pierre Bourdieu in seinem Vortrag „Prekarität2 ist überall“ 3 den Begriff der „Flexploitation“. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Wortneuschöpfung aus den Begriffen „flexibility“(Flexibilität) und „exploitation“ (Ausbeutung). An die Wissenschaftlichen Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages wurde die Frage herangetragen, ob Bourdieu für den Begriff der Flexploitation Szenarien beschrieben hat, die auch heute im Bereich Arbeit und Soziales Anwendung finden können, beziehungsweise ob in aktuellen Arbeitsfeldern und Branchen Parallelen bestehen. Zudem sollen mögliche Einflüsse auf unser heutiges Sozialversicherungssystem erörtert werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Entwicklungen in der Zeitarbeit (2026)
Zitatform
(2026): Entwicklungen in der Zeitarbeit. (Berichte: Blickpunkt Arbeitsmarkt / Bundesagentur für Arbeit), Nürnberg, 26 S.
Abstract
"Die Arbeitnehmerüberlassung reagiert typischerweise frühzeitig auf Änderungen der konjunkturellen Rahmenbedingungen und kann daher ein Frühindikator für die Entwicklung am Arbeitsmarkt sein. Nach einer langen Wachstumsphase setzte im Jahr 2018 ein Rückgang der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung in der Zeitarbeit ein, der lediglich von einer kurzen Erholungsphase nach Ende der Corona Pandemie unterbrochen wurde. Seit Ende 2022 unterschreiten die Werte kontinuierlich das Vorjahresniveau und liegen seit Anfang 2024 unter 700.000. Im Juni 2025 waren 622.000 Leiharbeitnehmende in Deutschland sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt. Ihr Anteil an der Gesamtbeschäftigung lag nach kontinuierlichen Rückgängen in den letzten Jahren bei 1,8 Prozent. Im Vergleich zur Gesamtbeschäftigung ist die ausschließlich geringfügige Beschäftigung in der Arbeitnehmerüberlassung wenig verbreitet. Neben den sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten arbeiteten 47.000 Minijobber in einem Leiharbeitsverhältnis. Leiharbeitnehmende arbeiten häufiger in Tätigkeiten, die mit einem niedrigen Anforderungsniveau verbunden sind: Mehr als jeder Zweite übt eine Helfertätigkeit aus. Die Mehrzahl der sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigten Leiharbeitnehmenden ist männlich und jünger. Personen ohne Berufsabschluss sind anteilig deutlich häufiger vertreten als bei den sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten insgesamt. Auch der Ausländeranteil ist höher. Zeitarbeit bietet damit neben jungen Menschen auch Geringqualifizierten und Ausländern eine Einstiegsmöglichkeit in den Arbeitsmarkt. Die Beschäftigung in der Zeitarbeit weist eine überdurchschnittliche hohe Dynamik auf. Im gleitenden Jahreswert Juli 2024 bis Juni 2025 waren knapp 10 Prozent der in Arbeitslosigkeit zugegangenen Personen vorher in der Arbeitnehmerüberlassung beschäftigt, bei den sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigungsaufnahmen aus Arbeitslosigkeit hatte die Zeitarbeitsbranche einen Anteil von 12 Prozent. 8 von 10 Arbeitslosen, die aus Arbeitslosigkeit eine sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung in der Zeitarbeit aufgenommen haben, sind nach 6 Monaten sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt, teilweise auch in anderen Branchen. Seit Mitte 2021 gehen die monatlichen Stellenmeldungen nahezu kontinuierlich zurück und liegen seit 2024 bei rund 23.000 auf historisch niedrigen Werten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Link zur aktuellen Version, ältere Fassungen online nicht mehr verfügbar. -
Literaturhinweis
Parental precarious employment and the mental health of adolescents: a Swedish registry study (2025)
Aronsson, Amanda E.; Mangot-Sala, Lluís ; Hernando-Rodriguez, Julio C.; Badarin, Kathryn ; Alfayumi-Zeadna, Samira; Gunn, Virginia; Thern, Emelie ; Muntaner, Carles ; Kreshpaj, Bertina; Julià, Mireia ; Kvart, Signild ; Bodin, Theo ; Matilla-Santander, Nuria;Zitatform
Aronsson, Amanda E., Emelie Thern, Nuria Matilla-Santander, Signild Kvart, Julio C. Hernando-Rodriguez, Kathryn Badarin, Mireia Julià, Samira Alfayumi-Zeadna, Virginia Gunn, Bertina Kreshpaj, Carles Muntaner, Theo Bodin & Lluís Mangot-Sala (2025): Parental precarious employment and the mental health of adolescents: a Swedish registry study. In: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 59-67. DOI:10.5271/sjweh.4210
Abstract
"This study investigates the association between parental precarious employment (PE) and the mental health of their adolescent children, with a particular focus on how the association differs based on whether the mother or father is in PE. This register-based study used the Swedish Work, Illness, and Labor-market Participation (SWIP) cohort. A sample of 117 437 children aged 16 years at baseline (2005) were followed up until 2009 (the year they turned 20). A multidimensional construct of PE (SWE-ROPE 2.0) was used to classify parental employment as either precarious, substandard or standard. The outcome, adolescents’ mental disorders, wasmeasured as a diagnosis of a mental disorder using ICD-10 codes or by prescribed psychotropic drugs using ATC codes. Crude and adjusted Cox regression models produced hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the association between parental PE and adolescents’mental health. Adolescents with parents in PE exhibited a higher risk of developing mental disorders. The association was more pronounced for paternal PE (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.35) compared to maternal PE (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.21). These associations largely persisted after adjusting for important confounders, including parental mental health. This study addresses a significant gap in the literature on parental PE and adolescents’ mental health. As PE is growing more common across countries, this study provides relevant insights into the intergenerational role that parental low-quality employment may have in terms of mental health within families." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment Quality and Mental Health in Germany: the Mismatch of Low Employment Quality with Work and Family Values by Gender (2025)
Zitatform
De Moortel, Deborah, Rebeka Balogh, Miriam Engels & Julie Vanderleyden (2025): Employment Quality and Mental Health in Germany: the Mismatch of Low Employment Quality with Work and Family Values by Gender. In: Social Science & Medicine, Jg. 371. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117906
Abstract
"Empirical evidence on whether low-quality employment is detrimental to workers’ mental health is mostly cross-sectional and empirical evidence on pathways linking employment quality (EQ) to mental health remains scarce. Consequently, this study examines subsequent mental health associations of low-quality employment. Associations between EQ and mental health are investigated through a typology of employment arrangements. This study also investigates whether the relation between EQ types and subsequent mental health is different for workers with varying intensities of work and family values (i.e., importance of success at work and of having children, respectively) across genders. Using a large representative German panel dataset and Latent Class Cluster Analysis, EQ types are built and linked to mental health two years later. We assess two- and three-way interactions between EQ types and values, and between EQ types, gender and values, respectively. We found six EQ types: SER-like, precarious unsustainable, precarious full-time, SER-light, portfolio and protected part-time employment. Controlled for socio-demographic characteristics, precarious unsustainable employment for men and precarious full-time employment for women were associated to lower mental health after two years, compared to SER-like employment. Although protected part-time employment related to worse mental health for those with moderate to strong work and family values, compared to those with mild values, the interactions show an unclear pattern of the moderating role of values for the relation between EQ and subsequent mental health, for both men and women. This study should be replicated in other countries to confirm similar associations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do temporary employees experience increased material deprivation? Evidence from German panel data (2025)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Martin & Nils Teichler (2025): Do temporary employees experience increased material deprivation? Evidence from German panel data. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 143-156., 2024-08-16. DOI:10.1177/09589287241300011
Abstract
"Economic insecurity has recently received increasing attention as a determinant of material deprivation. We contribute to this line of research by analysing the relationship between temporary employment and material deprivation. We argue that temporary workers face exacerbated deprivation because they may forego basic needs to provide for an uncertain future. Using German panel data for the years 2008–2020, we find that temporary employment increases material deprivation among workers, particularly in low-income households. This finding is robust to our controlling for important variables such as household income and needs, individual- and household fixed effects and when considering lagged independent variables. The association is not driven by young or highly educated workers who may be more likely to hold temporary jobs without experiencing sustained material deprivation. We also find that temporary agency work, perceived job insecurity and firm turnover rates aggravate material deprivation. This supports the theoretical assumption that the impact of temporary employment on material deprivation is driven by the economic insecurities faced by temporary workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © SAGE) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Feeling disadvantaged? Type of employment contract and political attitudes (2025)
Zitatform
Gatskova, Kseniia, Michal Pilc & Maciej Beresewicz (2025): Feeling disadvantaged? Type of employment contract and political attitudes. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 787-811., 2024-02-05. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwae011
Abstract
"We tested the theory of relative deprivation in the context of the Polish labour market during the post-crisis period from 2009 to 2015. This period witnessed the highest incidence of temporary contracts in the European Union, providing novel evidence on the causal relationship between the type of employment contract and political attitudes. Our findings suggest that temporary workers are more supportive of income redistribution but less supportive of democracy. Additionally, a shift from permanent to temporary contracts among prime-aged employees leads to a decrease in their support for democracy. Although this effect is modest in magnitude, the article points to an important mechanism influencing shifts in political attitudes. Our findings suggest that the effect of temporary employment on political attitudes is more pronounced among socio-demographic groups less accustomed to unstable employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford Academic) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Prekäre Beschäftigung. Ein von der Migrationsforschung vernachlässigtes Thema? (2025)
Zitatform
Geisen, Thomas (2025): Prekäre Beschäftigung. Ein von der Migrationsforschung vernachlässigtes Thema? In: Migration und Soziale Arbeit, Jg. 47, H. 3, S. 179-185.
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass sich Prekarität seit den 1990er Jahren zu einem zentralen gesellschaftstheoretischen Paradigma entwickelt hat. Prekäre Beschäftigung hat inzwischen unter dem Begriff der atypischen Beschäftigung auch Eingang in die Arbeitsmarktstatistik ge-funden. Mit Blick auf Migration zeigen die Daten aus der Schweiz und Deutschland, dass die Zahl der Ausländer*innen in atypischer Beschäftigung in beiden Ländern etwas höher liegt als bei den Schweizer*innen und bei den Deutschen, dass sie zugleich aber auch über Jahre hinweg einen konstant niedrigen Wert aufweisen. Es handelt sich bei prekärer Beschäftigung also nicht mehrheitlich um ein „Migrationsproblem", allerdings sind auch Migrant*innen in prekärer, atypischer Beschäftigung tätig. (…) Eine am Prekaritäts-paradigma orientierte Migrationsforschung ist bislang kaum ausreichend entwickelt, könnte aber sowohl im Zusammenhang mit der Analyse von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen als auch mit Blick auf Formen von Diskriminierung und Rassismus einen wichtigen Beitrag zu einer differenzierten, migrationsbezogenen Arbeitsmarktforschung leisten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Hidden behind closed doors: Non-standard employment, migrant women and gender regimes in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Giordano, Chiara & Cinzia Meraviglia (2025): Hidden behind closed doors: Non-standard employment, migrant women and gender regimes in Europe. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12655. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12655
Abstract
"Non-standard employment (NSE) is well-documented in the domestic sector in all European countries. The precariousness and poor working conditions of this sector reflect in a labor force composed by the most vulnerable layers of the labor market, namely, migrant women. This article analyses how and to what extent a macro-level factor, that is, the gender regime (resulting from the interplay of gender equality and gendered social norms) interacts with micro-level individual and occupational characteristics to shape the prevalence of NSE in the domestic sector in Europe. We use the 2019 EU-LFS data and run a set of logistic regression analyses. Our results show that NSE is a defining feature of domestic sector, and that migrant women are at a higher risk of being in this type of employment, especially in destination countries where gender equality is relatively lower and expectations concerning care and family responsibilities are more traditional." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Expanding Domains of Degraded Work in the United States: Constructing a More Comprehensive Typology of Non-standard Employment Arrangements (2025)
Zitatform
Gonos, George (2025): The Expanding Domains of Degraded Work in the United States: Constructing a More Comprehensive Typology of Non-standard Employment Arrangements. In: Critical Sociology, Jg. 51, H. 7-8, S. 1383-1406. DOI:10.1177/08969205241283938
Abstract
"The spread of non-standard employment (NSE) is widely considered to have contributed to the deterioration of labor standards. Yet, in the United States, there is no definitive roster of non-standard work arrangements and no reliable estimate of the size of the non-standard workforce. For over 25 years, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has produced artificially low estimates of employers’ use of ‘alternative employment arrangements’. Its 2018 Contingent Work Supplement (CWS) reported that since 1995 the proportion of US workers in these arrangements had declined. This article proposes a more systematic framework for understanding NSE in the United States and fleshes out a more comprehensive typology better suited toward addressing the needs of policymakers and labor activists. It fundamentally reorients the study of NSE by recognizing that so-called ‘alternative’ arrangements are abusive and more aptly understood as degraded work arrangements (DWAs). The article then explores the key categories of DWAs and provides a deeper analysis of one group, dissociative arrangements, that enable the flourishing use of ‘non-employee’ workers. Concluding sections address the undertheorized state of this subject area and the challenge of union organizing in fractured labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Space and Inequality in Precarious Work: Thinking With and Beyond Platforms (2025)
Zitatform
Griesbach, Kathleen (2025): Space and Inequality in Precarious Work: Thinking With and Beyond Platforms. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 19, H. 3. DOI:10.1111/soc4.70026
Abstract
"Platform-based gig work illustrates a broader erosion of the spatial boundaries of work. While geographers have long theorized space as an integral part of capitalist work processes and social life, sociological research has often treated space as a backdrop for work processes rather than an active process shaping the social world, contemporary work, inequality, and resistance. However, important work in urban and rural sociology emphasizes the central role place plays in social life and inequality. This review synthesizes insights on space, place, and inequality and identifies key spatial continuities between platform labor and other forms of precarious work. I find common throughlines across disciplines: the intertwining of space, place, and social relations and the relevance of space and place for understanding inequality. Next, I relate spatial theories of capitalist development to contemporary precarious work. Finally, I suggest 3 promising avenues for incorporating space into research on contemporary work and inequality today: analyzing how existing inequalities intersect with the spatial features of new and enduring work structures; examining how contemporary work processes are reshaping rural and urban geographies; and identifying the spatial practices of contemporary organizing and resistance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dependence and Precarity in the Gig Economy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Platform Work and Mental Distress (2025)
Zitatform
Guo, Ya, Sizhan Cui, Zhuofei Lu & Senhu Wang (2025): Dependence and Precarity in the Gig Economy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Platform Work and Mental Distress. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 76, H. 5, S. 1169-1187. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.70028
Abstract
"While there is a growing body of literature examining platform dependence and its implications for mental health, much of the research has focused on gig workers with small sample sizes. The lack of large-scale quantitative research, particularly using longitudinal representative data, limits a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationship between platform dependence and mental distress. This study uses nationally representative data from the UK and fixed effects models to explore the heterogeneity of gig work, specifically examining differences in mental distress between high-dependence workers (those solely engaged in gig work) and low-dependence workers (those also employed in other jobs). The findings reveal that high-dependence gig workers have greater mental distress compared to low-dependence and full-time workers, with their mental well-being similar to those with no paid work. Low-dependence gig workers have lower mental distress than those without paid work. Financial precarity and loneliness partly explain these differences, with the impact stronger for highly educated high-dependence workers and less educated low-dependence workers. These findings highlight the significance of recognizing the heterogeneity of gig work in addressing future well-being challenges in a post-pandemic economy, as well as broadening the scope of the latent deprivation model to encompass the unique dynamics of gig work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Befristungen bei Neueinstellungen 2024 (2025)
Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole, Alexander Kubis & Martin Popp (2025): Befristungen bei Neueinstellungen 2024. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 9 S.
Abstract
"Im Rahmen der IAB-Stellenerhebung gaben die Betriebe an, im Jahr 2024 in Deutschland rund 4,4 Mio. sozialversicherungspflichtige Neueinstellungen (ohne Auszubildende und ohne MiniJobs) vorgenommen zu haben. Hiervon waren 25 Prozent, also rund 1,1 Mio. Stellen (zunächst) befristet (Tabelle 1). Die Befristung von Neueinstellungen ermöglicht den Betrieben, die Fähigkeiten von Bewerberinnen und Bewerbern zu überprüfen, bevor ein unbefristetes Arbeitsverhältnis eingegangen wird. Durch den Abschluss von befristeten Arbeitsverträgen können Betriebe ohne langfristige Mittelbindung häufig auch Jobs anbieten, die sonst vielleicht nicht finanzierbar gewesen wären. Darüber hinaus haben Befristungen für Betriebe zudem den Vorteil, dass sie (Entlassungs-)Kosten vermeiden können, die gegebenenfalls im Rahmen des allgemeinen oder tarifvertraglich erweiterten Kündigungsschutzes entstehen können (Bossler et al. 2017). Als weiteres wichtiges betriebliches Motiv für befristete Neueinstellungen ist zudem ein vorübergehender Mehrbedarf an Arbeitskräften etwa infolge temporärer Auftragsspitzen zu nennen (siehe hierzu z.B. Gürtzgen und Küfner 2023). Die Tatsache, dass Betriebe befristete Neueinstellungen vornehmen können, kann u.a. darin begründet sein, dass Betriebe über Marktmacht verfügen, die den Abschluss von befristeten Verträgen erleichtert (Bassanini et al. 2024). Zu beachten ist, dass die Befristungsquoten bei Neueinstellungen deutlich oberhalb des Anteils befristeter Beschäftigung an der Gesamtbeschäftigung liegen. Rund 2,6 Millionen Beschäftigte in Deutschland hatten laut IAB-Betriebspanel im Jahr 2022 einen befristeten Arbeitsvertrag. Das entspricht einem Anteil an allen Beschäftigten (ohne Auszubildende) von 6,6 Prozent (Hohendanner / IAB 2023). Die Diskrepanz zwischen dem Anteil befristeter Neueinstellungen und dem Befristungsanteil aller Beschäftigter zeigt, dass befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in nennenswertem Ausmaß in unbefristete Arbeitsverträge umgewandelt werden (Müller et al. 2017). Bedingt durch die COVID-19-Pandemie sank 2020 der Anteil an Umwandlungen in unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse (Hohendanner 2021). Auch der Anteil befristeter Neueinstellungen stieg im Jahr 2020 gegenüber dem Vorjahr kurzfristig auf 33 Prozent. Aktuell setzt sich der seit 2004 beobachtete rückläufige Trend auch im Jahr 2024 fort. Die Befristungsquote erreicht mit 25 Prozent einen neuen Tiefststand. Der im Rahmen der Erhebung 2004 gemessene Höchststand war mit 54 Prozent mehr als doppelt so hoch." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Career expectations and outcomes: Evidence (on gender gaps) from the economics job market (2025)
Helppie-McFall, Brooke; Parolin, Eric; Zafar, Basit;Zitatform
Helppie-McFall, Brooke, Eric Parolin & Basit Zafar (2025): Career expectations and outcomes: Evidence (on gender gaps) from the economics job market. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 248. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105437
Abstract
"This paper investigates gender gaps in long-term career expectations and outcomes of PhD candidates in economics. For this purpose, we match rich survey data on PhD candidates (from the 2008–2010 job market cohorts) to public data on job history and publication records through 2022. We document four novel empirical facts: (1) there is a robust gender gap in career expectations, with females about 10 percentage points less likely to ex-ante expect to get tenure or publish regularly; (2) the gender gap in expectations is remarkably similar to the gap observed for academic outcomes; (3) expectations are similarly predictive of outcomes for males and females, and (4) gender gaps in expectations can explain about 22 % and 14 % of the ex-post gaps in tenure and publications, respectively. In addition, leveraging variation in relationship status at the time expectations are reported, we show that: conditional on gender, (1) expectations regarding tenure and publications do not differ systematically by relationship status, and (2) the predictive power of expectations does not differ by the relationship status of the individual." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Schwieriger Weg raus aus der Stütze: Nicht alle Betriebe bieten gute Chancen auf eine stabile Beschäftigung (2025)
Zitatform
Hohendanner, Christian & Sarah Bernhard (2025): Schwieriger Weg raus aus der Stütze: Nicht alle Betriebe bieten gute Chancen auf eine stabile Beschäftigung. In: IAB-Forum H. 09.07.2025, 2025-07-07. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250709.01
Abstract
"Wie stabil Beschäftigungsverhältnisse von Personen sind, die zuvor Grundsicherungsleistungen bezogen haben, hängt von vielen Faktoren ab. Dabei spielen neben individuellen Merkmalen wie Qualifikation und Berufserfahrung auch betriebliche und branchenspezifische Faktoren eine wichtige Rolle. Auch wenn Leistungsbeziehende eine Beschäftigung finden, ist diese häufig nicht stabil. Entscheidend für längerfristigen Erfolg sind Merkmale wie die wirtschaftliche Perspektive des Betriebs, Größe, Tarifbindung oder Weiterbildungsangebote." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitslos - und dann? Die neuen Jobs sind meistens atypische Beschäftigungen (Serie "Bürgergeld") (2025)
Zitatform
Hohmeyer, Katrin & Torsten Lietzmann (2025): Arbeitslos - und dann? Die neuen Jobs sind meistens atypische Beschäftigungen (Serie "Bürgergeld"). In: IAB-Forum H. 07.05.2025, 2025-05-06. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250507.01
Abstract
"Was passiert, nachdem Menschen arbeitslos geworden sind? Tatsächlich sind die weiteren Erwerbsverläufe höchst unterschiedlich. Der dauerhafte Sprung in eine unbefristete Vollzeitbeschäftigung gelingt den meisten Betroffenen zunächst nicht. Vielmehr findet sich die Mehrzahl in den ersten vier Jahren nach Eintritt der Arbeitslosigkeit in atypischen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen wie befristeter Beschäftigung, Teilzeit, Leiharbeit oder Minijobs wieder, nicht selten unterbrochen von Phasen erneuter Arbeitslosigkeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Why does temporary work increase disability insurance inflow? (2025)
Zitatform
Koning, Pierre, Paul Muller & Roger Prudon (2025): Why does temporary work increase disability insurance inflow? In: Labour Economics, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102719
Abstract
"We show that workers with fixed-term contracts are substantially more likely to apply for and be awarded disability insurance (DI) benefits than permanent workers. We study whether this differential can be explained by (i) selection of worker types into contracts, (ii) the relation between contract type and the risk of illness, (iii) differences in employer support during illness, and (iv) differences in labour market prospects of ill workers. We find that selection actually masks part of the differential, whereas the impact of contract type on health is limited. In contrast, the difference in employer support during illness is a significant cause of the heightened DI risk of temporary workers, especially in slack labour markets. We therefore conclude that, conditional on being ill, workers with fixed-term contracts face different support structures and incentives that make them more likely to ultimately apply for and be awarded DI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time work, job satisfaction, employee well-being and organisational restructuring (2025)
Zitatform
Krutova, Oxana (2025): Part-time work, job satisfaction, employee well-being and organisational restructuring. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 45, H. 5/6, S. 511-528. DOI:10.1108/ijssp-01-2025-0004
Abstract
"Purpose: As a result of the ageing population, the pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the energy crisis, the labor market has experienced unprecedented expressions of external and internal change. In working life, nothing is the same, especially regarding the mobility of the workforce, the forms of work organisation and the employees’ influence and well-being. Considering these factors, in this article, we aim to investigate the connections between part-time work, well-being and the attractiveness of work for employees from the perspective of organizational restructuring. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study were based on the European Working Conditions Survey from 1991 to 2015. Since its launch in 1990, the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) has provided an overview of working conditions in Europe. The data for Finland contained 5,646 respondents. A gneralised linear model (GLM) was used with the Gaussian family for odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Findings The results showed that workers in restructured organizations are less satisfied with working conditions than workers in organizations without restructuring. These associations were even higher if the number of hours (OR 1.15, CI 1.06, 1.24), salary (OR 1.14, CI 1.06, 1.23) and the amount of influence over your work (OR 1.15, CI 1.07, 1.24) have changed during the last 12 months. These associations were slightly lower in the models, and they were additionally adjusted for the existence of part-time work. Originality/value In restructured organizations, part-time work seems to be associated with worsening job satisfaction but improving employee well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour and social protection gaps impacting the health and well-being of workers in non-standard employment: An international comparative study (2025)
Kvart, Signild ; Cuervo, Isabel; Muntaner, Carles ; Julià, Mireia ; Gunn, Virginia; Ivarsson, Lars; Davis, Letitia; Lewchuk, Wayne ; Bosmans, Kim ; Bodin, Theo ; Baron, Sherry L.; Gutiérrez-Zamora, Mariana; Vílchez, David; Diaz, Ignacio; Vänerhagen, Kristian; Bolíbar, Mireia ; O'Campo, Patricia; Álvarez-López, Valentina; Escrig-Piñol, Astrid; Ahonen, Emily Q.; Vignola, Emilia F.; Zaupa, Alessandro; Vos, Mattias ; Östergren, Per-Olof ; Vives, Alejandra ; Ruiz, Marisol E.; Padrosa, Eva ;Zitatform
Kvart, Signild, Isabel Cuervo, Virginia Gunn, Wayne Lewchuk, Kim Bosmans, Letitia Davis, Astrid Escrig-Piñol, Per-Olof Östergren, Eva Padrosa, Alejandra Vives, Alessandro Zaupa, Emily Q. Ahonen, Valentina Álvarez-López, Mireia Bolíbar, Ignacio Diaz, Mariana Gutiérrez-Zamora, Lars Ivarsson, Mireia Julià, Carles Muntaner, Patricia O'Campo, Marisol E. Ruiz, Kristian Vänerhagen, Emilia F. Vignola, David Vílchez, Mattias Vos, Theo Bodin & Sherry L. Baron (2025): Labour and social protection gaps impacting the health and well-being of workers in non-standard employment: An international comparative study. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0320248
Abstract
"Background: World economies increasingly rely on non-standard employment arrangements, which has been linked to ill health. While work and employment conditions are recognized structural determinants of health and health equity, policies aiming to protect workers from negative implications predominantly focus on standard employment arrangements and the needs of workers in non-standard employment may be neglected. The aim of this study is to explore workers’ experiences of gaps in labour regulations and social protections and its influence on their health and well-being across 6 countries with differing policy approaches: Belgium, Canada, Chile, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. Methods: 250 semi-structured interviews with workers in non-standard employment were analyzed thematically using a multiple case-study approach. Results: There are notable differences in workers’ rights to protection across the countries. However, participants across all countries experienced similar challenges including employment instability, income inadequacy and limited rights and protection, due to policy-related gaps and access-barriers. In response, they resorted to individual resources and strategies, struggled to envision supportive policies, and expressed low expectations of changes by employers and policymakers. Conclusions: Policy gaps threaten workers’ health and well-being across all study countries, irrespective of the levels of labour market regulations and social protections. Workers in non-standard employment disproportionately endure economic risks, which may increase social and health inequality. The study highlights the need to improve social protection for this vulnerable population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployed and then? The role of non-standard employment in labour market trajectories after unemployment (2025)
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Lietzmann, Torsten & Katrin Hohmeyer (2025): Unemployed and then? The role of non-standard employment in labour market trajectories after unemployment. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 2, 2024-08-30. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12698
Abstract
"Non-standard employment (NSE) might offer employment opportunities for unemployed workers, who would not find a job otherwise and can improve their human capital while working in NSE instead of being unemployed. NSE thus could serve as a bridge to regular, permanent employment. However, these stepping stone effects might not occur in a segmented labor market, when the accumulated human capital is not useful for regular jobs or NSE is not a positive signal to potential employers. Using German administrative data and sequence and cluster analysis, this article examined the labor market trajectories of initially unemployed individuals between 2012 and 2015 over a 4-year period with a focus on four common forms of NSE. The results indicate that NSE is not limited to marginal groups but 62% of the initially unemployed belong to a cluster with a substantial share of NSE. Furthermore, while most individuals stay in NSE, some regular full-time employment occurs after NSE." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of precarious employment on suicidal ideation: A serial mediation model with contractual temporality and job insecurity (2025)
Llosa, José Antonio ; Agulló-Tomás, Esteban ; Iglesias-Martínez, Enrique ; Oliveros, Beatriz ; Menéndez-Espina, Sara;Zitatform
Llosa, José Antonio, Enrique Iglesias-Martínez, Esteban Agulló-Tomás, Sara Menéndez-Espina & Beatriz Oliveros (2025): The effect of precarious employment on suicidal ideation: A serial mediation model with contractual temporality and job insecurity. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 46, H. 1, S. 239-255. DOI:10.1177/0143831X241240616
Abstract
"Suicidal ideation is a variable prior to suicidal behavior and one of the main producers of risk of death by suicide. The sample consisted of a total of 1,288 people living in Spain who at the time of answering the questionnaire were in active employment. Contractual status is a significant variable for the prediction of suicidal ideation. Contractual temporality is a risk factor for suicidal ideation, whereas permanent employment is a protective factor. In suicidal ideation, job insecurity is a mediating risk factor and a key dimension of job precariousness because of the adverse effects on mental health it causes. Job insecurity interacts with objective causes of precariousness and is presented as a necessary variable for understanding the relationship between these material causes and suicidal thoughts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Computer Use and Digital Frustration in German Workplaces: Is There a Gendered Part-Time Gap? (2025)
Zitatform
Lott, Yvonne & Andreas Hövermann (2025): Computer Use and Digital Frustration in German Workplaces: Is There a Gendered Part-Time Gap? In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 39, H. 6, S. 1440-1462. DOI:10.1177/09500170251351265
Abstract
"The digital transformation may disproportionately disadvantage female part-time workers, as they are affected by the flexibility stigma and career penalties. In this article, we ask: Is there a gendered part-time gap in work-related computer use and digital frustration in Germany? Latent class analysis and multivariate analysis, based on data from Wave 12 (2019/20) of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) Starting Cohort 6 – Adults, showed that women – and part-time working women in particular – were less likely than men to be classified as ‘advanced users’. Furthermore, part-time working women felt least well prepared for using networked digital technologies at work and were thus more at risk of experiencing digital frustration. These findings suggest that the triadic association between technology, power and masculinity postulated by feminist technology theory should be extended to include full-time work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intertwined precariousness and precarity: Disentangling a phenomenon that characterises Spanish youth (2025)
Zitatform
Maestripieri, Lara, Alba Lanau, Roger Soler‐i‐Martí & Míriam Acebillo‐Baqué (2025): Intertwined precariousness and precarity: Disentangling a phenomenon that characterises Spanish youth. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12709. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12709
Abstract
"The growth of non-standard employment has emerged as a crucial factor that contributes to delays and difficulties in young people's transitions to adulthood. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of multidimensional measures of precariousness. This paper aims to investigate the phenomenon of precariousness holistically, using an original database of respondents in Spain from 20 to 34 years of age. Using a mixed-methods approach, we explore young people's understandings of precariousness and examine its key determinants and consequences. The findings illustrate the multidimensional nature of feelings of precariousness, with economic insecurity and work conditions being core elements. Our results point to precarity stemming from a combination of inextricably intertwined objective and subjective components, as well as work and economic dimensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Care Paradoxes in Maintaining Precariousness: A Case Study of Australia's Aged Care Work (2025)
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McEwen, Celina (2025): The Role of Care Paradoxes in Maintaining Precariousness: A Case Study of Australia's Aged Care Work. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 1482-1494. DOI:10.1111/gwao.13240
Abstract
"The paper examines why despite many inquiries and government reforms, the working conditions of aged care workers have remained precarious. The study draws on an analysis of Australian workforce survey data, government documents, and hearing transcripts from a recent Royal Commission into the sector's workforce and care practices. The results paint a complex and nuanced picture of how the government and providers rely on older or culturally and linguistically diverse women to carry out high standards of quality care with minimal worker benefits and protection while devaluing their work as unprofessional. The analysis also highlights the coexistence of four types of precariousness in aged care work: precariousness as a social category, a shared experience, a set of work practices, and management. Further, I find that a series of paradoxes rooted in cultural perceptions of care and older and/or diverse women maintain precariousness at work by constructing workers as the problem, entrenching disadvantage borne from intersectionality and shifting the burden of responsibility and part of the cost of caring for older people onto workers. I suggest that little improvement is possible until the systemic and sociocultural issues around care and the workers engaged in the transaction of care are tackled together as a whole." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work arrangements in digitally mediated care and domestic work (2025)
Zitatform
Molitor, Friederike (2025): Work arrangements in digitally mediated care and domestic work. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2523863
Abstract
"As the need for care has grown, paid care and domestic work in the private home is increasingly being organized on the market. Today, digital platforms serve as intermediaries for care and domestic services but systematic research on the resulting work arrangements between workers and clients remains limited. By understanding platform-mediated care and domestic work arrangements as a (social) exchange of ‘love and money’ between workers and clients, the study explores the working conditions and the worker-client relationships that emerge. Drawing on unique survey data collected on a large digital platform in Germany in 2019, the study shows that care and domestic workers who offer their services on digital platforms often experience informal work arrangements characterized by low working hours and irregular shifts. The worker-client relationships are described as amicable more than professional. They are often built on continuity, long-termism and reliability, which are essential for a lasting relationship. This challenges the on-demand, economic logic characterising other forms of platform work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low-pay work and the risk of poverty: a dynamic analysis for European countries (2025)
Zitatform
Mussida, Chiara & Dario Sciulli (2025): Low-pay work and the risk of poverty: a dynamic analysis for European countries. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 1173-1196. DOI:10.1007/s10888-025-09666-9
Abstract
"This paper explores how householders’ and partners' low-pay conditions affect the risk of poverty ofEuropean households. We use 2016–2019 longitudinal European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data, model poverty and labour market outcomes, and account for possible endogeneity of low-pay work in the poverty equation. Low-pay work is defined on gross hourly wage basis. We find that low-pay work increases the risk of poverty compared to high-pay conditions. Notably, when compared to non-employment, the effect of low-pay work on poverty differs between householders and partners. The effect tends to be stronger for the former and smaller for the latter, which stresses the leading role of householders in income formation and the added-worker role of partners in households. The risk of poverty for low-pay workers is even reinforced by their higher probability of being employed in job positions with fewer annual working hours, such as part-time and temporary contracts. The magnitude of low-pay effects on poverty appears to be associated with institutions capable of sustaining the wage floor, earnings and income inequalities, and the generosity of social transfers. We find evidence of feedback effects from poverty on future labour market outcomes, suggesting a self-reinforcing mechanism between poverty and poor labour conditions, which along with limited upward mobility in the labour markets, may lead societies toward persistent income segmentation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unbefristet Beschäftigte haben im Schnitt 30 Urlaubstage pro Jahr - fast zwei mehr als befristet Beschäftigte (2025)
Zitatform
Wanger, Susanne & Yasemin Isabel Yilmaz (2025): Unbefristet Beschäftigte haben im Schnitt 30 Urlaubstage pro Jahr - fast zwei mehr als befristet Beschäftigte. In: IAB-Forum H. 01.12.2025. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20251201.01
Abstract
"In Deutschland beträgt der gesetzliche Mindesturlaub vier Wochen, in den meisten Betrieben gelten tarifvertraglich aber deutlich höhere Urlaubsansprüche. Bei drei Viertel der sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten lag der Urlaubsanspruch im Jahr 2023 bei 30 Tagen. Allerdings gibt es je nach Beschäftigtengruppe signifikante Unterschiede." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment, low standard of living? The role of labor market and social policy measures in preventing material deprivation in different employment trajectories in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Wolf, Fridolin (2025): Non-standard employment, low standard of living? The role of labor market and social policy measures in preventing material deprivation in different employment trajectories in Europe. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12689. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12689
Abstract
"While the poverty risks of non-standard employment have been explored extensively, this study focuses on the role of activation-oriented social policy in alleviating material deprivation for persons with non-standard employment histories. Using EU-SILC data, individuals over a four-year period were analyzed. I focused on substantial earners and distinguished between six non-standard employment histories expected to benefit from activation measures. Multi-level models revealed that compared to standard employment histories, all non-standard employment histories had higher material deprivation risks but to substantially different extents. At the macro level, participation in activation measures, expenditures in formal childcare and minimum income protection reduced material deprivation. Participation in training can be interpreted as an equaliser, as the deprivation gap between standard and most non-standard employment history types diminished. As expenditure- and participation-based measures differed significantly, evaluating the success of activation strategies in reducing inequalities and alleviating poverty highly depends on the measurement of activation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What if it is not just an additional income? Poverty risks of non-standard employment histories in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Wolf, Fridolin (2025): What if it is not just an additional income? Poverty risks of non-standard employment histories in Germany. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12676. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12676
Abstract
"While the poverty risks associated with transitions to and from different forms of non-standard employment (NSE) have been studied extensively, poverty research on NSE histories remains fuzzy. Therefore, this study focuses on persons with NSE histories whose earnings contribute significantly to the household income, asking to what extent they are exposed to income poverty risks during their main career phase and examining the role of employment, family and sociodemographic characteristics. Employment histories were observed over 10 years using German Socio-Economic Panel data from 2001 to 2020. A sequence cluster analysis identified four NSE clusters with increased poverty risks, namely, those with increasing and permanent low-part-time work, those who were mainly temporary agency-employed or had long episodes of fixed-term employment. Multivariate regressions considering employment-specific, care-related and sociodemographic characteristics revealed a network of cumulative disadvantages related to gender, occupational position, care obligations and structural disadvantages for those clusters." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes (2025)
Zitatform
Zilanawala, Afshin & Anika Schenck-Fontaine (2025): Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes. In: Socius, Jg. 11, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1177/23780231251332979
Abstract
"The authors investigate the moderating role of three dimensions of economic hardship on the relationship between maternal nonstandard work schedules (working evening, nights, or weekends) and children’s behavioral and cognitive outcomes at age five in the United Kingdom. The literature on the relationship between nonstandard work and child development in early childhood has not taken into consideration the potentially important role of families’ economic circumstances. Economic circumstances may reduce or amplify the potential consequences of maternal nonstandard work schedules for young children. Using the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative birth cohort from the United Kingdom, and residualized change models, the authors test associations between children’s cognitive and behavioral outcomes at age five from contemporaneous maternal nonstandard work schedules. Mothers who worked nonstandard schedules had more economic hardship relative to mothers working standard schedules. Nonstandard work schedules were related to higher internalizing behavior scores at age five. The authors examined if observed associations were moderated by income poverty, financial stress, and material hardship, separately, and found that the interaction of nonstandard work with higher levels of financial stress at age five was related to higher internalizing behavior scores. The results highlight a potentially challenging work-family interface in the context of working nonstandard schedules and experiencing economic hardship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard and precarious work across Europe: An overview and mapping of national actions (2025)
Zitatform
Zwysen, Wouter (2025): Non-standard and precarious work across Europe. An overview and mapping of national actions. (Report / European Trade Union Institute 2025,03), Brüssel, 39 S.
Abstract
"This paper describes different aspects of precarious and non-standard work across Europe. These are jobs that offer less security or reduced rights to workers and which dump greater uncertainty on them. There is some discrepancy between, on the one hand, the relatively positive trends in the statistics which, for instance, show non-standard work declining at EU level; and, on the other, a wider sense of greater precarity and uncertainty. Partly, this reflects some precarious types of work, such as platform work, bogus self-employment or different types of subcontracting, not being well captured by the existing large-scale surveys. The paper seeks to support the discussion of precarious and non-standard work in Europe by adding further descriptive detail including the opinions of trade union specialists. It makes use of two sources to describe the spread of precarious work. First, a cross-national quantitative overview of different types of non-standard and precarious work patterns across Europe and their evolution over time based on micro-data from the Labour Force Survey. This shows that non-standard work is associated with worse labour market outcomes and is concentrated among more vulnerable workers. Second, as precarious work can take many different forms, some severely underreported or not captured at all, it further reports information from an original survey among trade union affiliates of the ETUC, its standing committees and the European trade union federations to analyse: (1) the key aspects of precarious work they see; (2) the drivers and context shaping this; (3) changes over time; and (4) policy avenues to address precarious work. This survey highlights that there are several different types of precarious work that are widespread, with the key types differing by country. It also highlights that enforcement of the existing rules is often a problematic point, as is a weakening of collective bargaining. The paper ends by highlighting proposed and possible actions. Partly, these lie in the transposition of European directives such as the Platform Work Directive or the Directive on Adequate Minimum Wages. There may also be calls for greater collaboration and more information campaigns across borders as several of the challenges, particularly as regards the vulnerability of international and posted workers, are shared and go beyond a single country." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mental health as a determinant of work: a scoping review on the impact of mental health on precarious employment (2025)
Zitatform
de Oliveira, Claire, Margaret Jamieson & Sara Bonato (2025): Mental health as a determinant of work: a scoping review on the impact of mental health on precarious employment. In: Health Policy, Jg. 161. DOI:10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105395
Abstract
"Background: While many studies have examined the impact of precarious employment on mental health, the reverse relationship has received less attention. Objectives: The objectives of this scoping review were to ascertain the existing literature examining the impact of mental health on precarious employment and to describe, synthesize, and critically appraise it. Methods: Business Source Premier, EconLit, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from 1 January 1980 to 30 August 2024. Additionally, searches were undertaken in Google and specific websites; references of key papers were also examined. Relevant data were extracted from studies, and their quality was assessed, namely whether they accounted for endogeneity. Evidence was synthesized by mental disorder/illness/problem using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: After duplicates were removed, the search yielded 10,048 unique records; ultimately, 19 relevant papers, corresponding to 20 unique studies, were deemed relevant. Few specifically focused on mental health as a determinant of precarious employment and/or recognised the potential presence of endogeneity. Studies found mixed evidence on the relationship between mental health and precarious employment. While the evidence suggests that psychological distress and mental health complaints likely increase the probability of precarious employment, anxiety and emotional exhaustion likely do not. The evidence on depressive disorders is mixed/inconclusive. Conclusion: Some of the existing literature suggests that people with poor mental health may be at a higher risk of precarious employment; however, in some instances, the evidence was either mixed/inconclusive or absent. More high-quality studies are needed to inform clear policy recommendations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht