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Bonoli, Giuliano, Patrick Emmenegger & Alina Felder-Stindt (2025): Re‐Skilling in the Age of Skill Shortage: Adult Education Rather Than Active Labor Market Policy. In: Regulation and governance, S. 1-13. DOI:10.1111/rego.70065

Abstract

"European economies face the task of providing the necessary skills for the “twin transition ” in a period of skill shortage. As a result, we may expect countries to reorient their labor market policy towards re-skilling. We look for evidence of a reorientation in two relevant policy fields: active labor market policy (ALMP) and adult education (AE). We explore general trends in both fields based on quantitative indicators and compare recent policy developments in four countries with strong ALMP and AE sectors: Denmark, France, Germany, and Sweden. We do not observe clear evidence of a general movement away from activation and towards re-skilling in ALMP. However, in AE, we identify several re-skilling initiatives that address skill shortages. Relying on insights from queuing theories of hiring and training, we argue that due to changes in the population targeted by ALMP, the locus of re-skilling policy is increasingly moving towards AE." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brébion, Clément, Simon Briole & Laura Khoury (2025): Unemployment Insurance Eligibility and Employment Duration. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18014), Bonn, 66 S.

Abstract

"While extensive research on unemployment insurance (UI) has examined how benefits affect workers' job search, little is known about how eligibility conditions shape firms' hiring decisions. These conditions, often requiring a minimum work history, affect the value workers place on contracts meeting the eligibility threshold. Exploiting a French reform that modified these requirements after 2009, we show that firms internalize workers' preferences and adjust contract durations to align with the new threshold. This reveals an overlooked ex-ante mechanism, where firms respond to UI incentives when posting vacancies—before meeting workers—rather than only through ex post adjustments. This response shifts contract duration distributions, also affecting workers already eligible for UI. Our findings have two implications: first, UI shapes firms' behavior at the vacancy stage, influencing job creation decisions ex ante, not just separation decisions ex post; second, UI eligibility conditions generate significant spillover effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Murtada, Dima & Claire Hutchinson (2025): Social Return on Investment Analysis: A case study of a job and skills training program administered by the French Labor Ministry. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 63, H. 2, S. 207-224. DOI:10.1177/10522263251357443

Abstract

"Background: The program “Réalise Tes Rêves” (Make your dreams come true; RtR) was a program of action research aimed at trialing new approaches to address the job seeking needs of people not in employment, education or training (NEETs), and unemployed women in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Objective: This study examines the use of social return on investment (SROI), a social valuation methodology, to examine and capture the broad socio-economic value of the employment program RtR. Methods: Qualitative data was collected from 54 program participants and 21 program staff. The analysis was also informed by program data such as program components engaged in by participants, retention and exit outcomes. Results: Positive outcomes were identified for the program participants, program staff, and the community. The most important direct outcomes were the increase in personal assets, enhanced career prospects, and health improvements. The SROI ratio was €16.62 for every €1 invested. Conclusions: This study illustrates the program's tangible and intangible program outcomes by applying SROI methodology and demonstrates the social impact of supporting employment and self-employment for disadvantaged job seekers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Marzi, Marta Serena Liliana, Alessandra Marini, Ludovica Cherchi & Francesco Cenedese (2024): Minimum Income and Social Inclusion Pathways : A review ofselected European Union programs. (Social protection & jobs : discussion paper / World Bank Group, Social Protection & Jobs 2408), Washington, DC, 90 S.

Abstract

"Across European Union (EU) countries, the institutional design of Minimum Income (MI) programs varies widely in terms of the benefits and services provided to recipients, despite significant convergence toward a similar MI model and shared common approaches. This discussion paper investigates the delivery of social inclusion pathways, i.e., non-monetary support components to foster MI recipients' social inclusion and highlights common challenges and good practices across eight EU case study countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden). The paper shows that while some countries prioritize labor activation for workforce reintegration of MI recipients, others aim for broader social inclusion, recognizing the challenges in integrating such recipients into the labor market due to their complex needs. Moreover, the paper examines how the social inclusion pathway and case management interventions in MI programs affect recipient's welfare within poverty-targeted programs. It notes the lack of evidence on the effectiveness and impact of social inclusion pathways within MIs and mentions ongoing evaluations in Spain, Italy, and France to address this gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Orfao, Guillermo & Miguel Ángel Malo (2023): Are active labour market policies effective for the older unemployed? A meta-evaluation. In: Ageing & Society, Jg. 43, S. 1617-1637. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X21001288

Abstract

"We present a meta-evaluation of the literature on the impacts of active labour market policies for unemployed people over 50, extracting 82 impacts for analysis. The meta-evaluation includes only impact evaluations that examine both a group of beneficiaries and a control group of comparable non-beneficiaries. On average, we find that active policies have a slightly negative effect (−0.8 percentage points) on the probability of unemployed people over 50 finding a job and that this negative effect disappears 24 months after policy implementation. However, this effect is very different when disaggregated by policy type. Direct job creation policies have a clear negative effect (−3.9 percentage points), and training policies have a positive average effect, either in isolation (2.4 percentage points) or when combined with search assistance or counselling (1.7 percentage points). We also find slight differences by gender, with the effect of active policies being greater for women than for men. These results have important implications, given that the European Commission and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have made active policies the cornerstone of their efforts to improve the re-employment of older people. Our results support training policies, either in isolation or in combination with search assistance and counselling. The greatest impacts are obtained after 12 months of policy implementation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Aumond, Romain, Valerio Di Tommaso & Gerhard Rünstler (2022): A narrative database of labour market reforms in euro area economies. (Working paper series / European Central Bank 2657), Frankfurt am Main, 61 S.

Abstract

"We present a quarterly narrative database of important labour market reforms in selected euro area economies in between 1995 and 2018 covering 60 events. We provide legal adoption and implementation dates of major reforms to employment protection legislation and unemployment benefits. Estimates based on local projections find negative short-run effects of liberalising reforms on wages, while the employment effects of reforms differ markedly across age groups and partly depend on the state of the economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bertheau, Antoine, Edoardo Acabbi, Cristina Barceló, Andreas Gulyas, Stefano Lombardi & Raffaele Saggio (2022): The Unequal Cost of Job Loss across Countries. (IZA discussion paper 15033), Bonn, 49 S.

Abstract

"We document the consequences of losing a job across countries using a harmonized research design. Workers in Denmark and Sweden experience the lowest earnings declines following job displacement, while workers in Italy, Spain, and Portugal experience losses three times as high. French and Austrian workers face earnings losses somewhere in-between. Key to these differences is that Southern European workers are less likely to find employment following displacement. Loss of employer-specific wage premiums accounts for 40% to 95% of within-country wage declines. The use of active labor market policies predicts a significant portion of the cross-country heterogeneity in earnings losses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ferragina, Emanuele & Federico Danilo Filetti (2022): Labour market protection across space and time: A revised typology and a taxonomy of countries' trajectories of change. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 148-165. DOI:10.1177/09589287211056222

Abstract

"We measure and interpret the evolution of labour market protection across 21 high-income countries over three decades, employing as conceptual foundations the ‘regime varieties’ and ‘trajectories of change’ developed by Esping-Andersen, Estevez-Abe, Hall and Soskice, and Thelen. We measure labour market protection considering four institutional dimensions – employment protection, unemployment protection, income maintenance and activation – and the evolution of the workforce composition. This measurement accounts for the joint evolution of labour market institutions, their complementarities and their relation to outcomes, and mitigate the unrealistic Average Production Worker assumption. We handle the multi-dimensional nature of labour market protection with Principal Component Analysis and capture the characteristics of countries’ trajectories of change with a composite score. We contribute to the literature in three ways. (1) We portray a revised typology that accounts for processes of change between 1990 and 2015, and that clusters regime varieties on the basis of coordination and solidarity levels, that is, Central/Northern European, Southern European, liberal. (2) We illustrate that, despite a persistent gap, a large majority of Coordinated Market Economies experiencing a decline in the level of labour market protection became more similar to Liberal Market Economies. (3) We develop a fivefold taxonomy of countries’ trajectories of change (liberalization, dualization, flexibility, de-dualization and higher protection), showing that these trajectories are not always path-dependent and consistent with regime varieties previously developed in the literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Benghalem, Helène, Pierre Cahuc & Pierre Villedieu (2021): The Lock-in Effects of Part-Time Unemployment Benefits. (IZA discussion paper 14189), Bonn, 76 S.

Abstract

"We ran a large randomized controlled experiment among about 150,000 recipients of unemployment benefits insurance in France in order to evaluate the impact of part-time unemployment benefits. We took advantage of the lack of knowledge of job seekers regarding this program and sent emails presenting the program. The information provision had a significant positive impact on the propensity to work while on claim, but reduced the unemployment exit rate, showing important lock-in effects into unemployment associated with part-time unemployment benefits. The importance of these lock-in effects implies that decreasing the marginal tax rate on earnings from work while on claim in the neighborhood of its current level does not increase labor supply and increases the expenditure net of taxes of the unemployment insurance agency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jung, Euiyoung (2021): On the design of labor market programs as stabilization policies. (PSE working paper / Paris School of Economics 2021-36), Paris, 81 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyzes the optimal cyclical behavior of labor market policies in an economy with asset and labor market frictions. The policies of interest include unemployment insurance (UI) and employment protection (EP). In addition to their supply-side effects, labor market policies affect the aggregate demand via earning risk and redistribution channels. Under bilateral wage bargaining, I find that procyclical UI and countercyclical EP deliver superior welfare outcomes through stabilization via both supply and demand channels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Benda, Luc, Ferry Koster & Romke van der Veen (2019): Levelling the playing field? Active labour market policies, educational attainment and unemployment. In: The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Jg. 39, H. 3/4, S. 276-295. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-08-2018-0138

Abstract

"The purpose of this paper is to investigate how active labour market policy (ALMP) training programmes and hiring subsidies increase or decrease differences in the unemployment risk between lesser and higher educated people during an economic downturn. A focus is put on potential job competition dynamics and cumulative (dis)advantages of the lesser and higher educated" (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Bown, Chad P. & Caroline Freund (2019): Active labor market policies. Lessons from other countries for the United States. (Working paper / Peterson Institute for International Economics 2019-02), Washington, DC, 12 S.

Abstract

"US labor force participation has been weak in recent decades, especially during the recovery of the financial crisis of 2007 - 09. This paper examines several programs that governments in other advanced industrial countries have established to help jobless workers continue to seek employment, not drop out of the labor force, and ultimately find jobs. These programs more actively support out-of-work citizens by facilitating matches between workers and firms, helping workers in their job searches, and sometimes creating jobs when none are available in the private sector. The evidence presented in this paper concludes that job placement services, training, wage subsidies, and other labor adjustment policies can be used to successfully help workers find employment and remain tied to the labor market. By contrast, direct job creation through public works projects and other government programs are less effective in helping workers over the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bilbao-Ubillos, Javier, Jesús-Luis Alsasua, Gurutze Intxaurburu & Miren Ullibarri-Arce (2018): Labour market regulations and high quality employment in EU-15 countries. In: Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 207-226. DOI:10.1080/13511610.2017.1384366

Abstract

"The elements that we usually include under the concept of 'labour market institutions' exert a clear influence on the workings of the labour market. However, the assessment of labour market policies and institutions remains mostly focused on their impact on the quantity of jobs, while people's well-being depends crucially on how good their jobs are. This paper is a modest attempt to contribute some evidence and insight to the debate on the effects that particular institutional configurations have on the generation of high-quality employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Murtin, Fabrice & Jean-Marc Robin (2018): Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 3-19. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.025

Abstract

"We quantify the contribution of labor market reforms to unemployment dynamics in nine OECD countries (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, US). We estimate a dynamic stochastic search-matching model with heterogeneous workers and aggregate productivity shocks. The heterogeneous-worker mechanism proposed by Robin (2011) explains unemployment volatility by productivity shocks well in all countries. Placement and employment services, UI benefit reduction and product market deregulation are found to be the most prominent policy levers for unemployment reduction. Business cycle shocks and LMPs explain about the same share of unemployment volatility (except for Japan, Portugal and the US)." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))

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Steinmüller, Florian (2018): Arbeitsmarkt- und Rentenpolitik in Deutschland und Frankreich. Akteurskonstellationen zwischen Exekutive, Parteien, Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeberverbänden. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 412 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-22767-8

Abstract

"Weitreichende Reformen der Arbeitsmarkt- und Rentenpolitik wurden in Deutschland bereits ab Mitte der 1990er Jahre umgesetzt, in Frankreich hingegen erst ab Ende der 2000er Jahre.
Dabei wird deutlich, dass die französischen Arbeitsmarkt- und Rentenreformen der letzten Jahre wichtige Parallelen zu Deutschland aufweisen. Florian Steinmüller zeigt auf, dass die unterschiedliche Entwicklung beider Wohlfahrtsstaaten und die Annäherung Frankreichs an das deutsche Reformmodell auf die landesspezifischen Beziehungsmuster zwischen Exekutive, Parteien, Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeberverbänden und auf deren Veränderungsdynamik zurückzuführen sind." (Verlagsangaben, © Springer-Verlag)

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Berg, Gerard J. van den, Petyo Bonev & Enno Mammen (2016): Nonparametric instrumental variable methods for dynamic treatment evaluation. (IZA discussion paper 9782), Bonn, 47 S.

Abstract

"We develop a nonparametric instrumental variable approach for the estimation of average treatment effects on hazard rates and conditional survival probabilities, without model structure. We derive constructive identification proofs for average treatment effects under noncompliance and dynamic selection, exploiting instrumental variation taking place during ongoing spells. We derive asymptotic distributions of the corresponding estimators. This includes a detailed examination of noncompliance in a dynamic context. In an empirical application, we evaluate the French labor market policy reform PARE which abolished the dependence of unemployment insurance benefits on the elapsed unemployment duration and simultaneously introduced additional active labor market policy measures. The estimated effect of the reform on the survival function of the duration of unemployment duration is positive and significant. Neglecting selectivity leads to an underestimation of the effects in absolute terms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brodaty, Thomas (2015): The impact of training programs and subsidized public employment schemes on unemployment, occupations, and wages. (Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi. Document de travail 184), Noisy-le-Grand, 36 S.

Abstract

"This paper evaluates the effects of entry into training programs and subsidized public employment schemes which were set up in France at the end of the 1990s. Studied outcomes are unemployment and subsequent employment durations, wages accepted, and occupations. A flexible multivariate duration-occupation-wage dynamic model is estimated. The impact of programs depends, ceteris paribus, mainly on their training content and the educational level of recipients. Vocational training programs have an overall positive impact on the transition to employment, whereas basic training programs improve the job stability of less-educated recipients. The paper also highlights the importance of occupations in better understanding the impact of programs. Community jobs display negative impacts on employment and occupations. With basic training programs, they also display negative impacts on wages for the more-educated participants. These negative effects are found to be mainly driven by a post-program state dependence in low-skilled occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cavaco, Sandra, Denis Fougère & Julien Pouget (2013): Estimating the effect of a retraining program on the re-employment rate of displaced workers. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 44, H. 1, S. 261-287. DOI:10.1007/s00181-010-0391-6

Abstract

"In this article, we estimate the effects of a French retraining program on the re-employment rate of displaced workers by matching techniques. This program, called 'Conventions de conversion', was intended to improve re-employment prospects of displaced workers by proposing them retraining and job seeking assistance for a period of 6 months beginning just after the dismissal. Our empirical analysis is based upon non-experimental data collected by the French Ministry of Labour. Matching estimates show that this program succeeded in increasing the employment rate of trainees by approximately 6 points of percentage in the medium-term, namely in the 2nd and 3rd years after the date of entry into the program. This improvement is essentially due to an increase of their re-employment rate in regular jobs, namely jobs under long-term labour contracts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Behaghel, Luc, Bruno Crépon & Marc Gurgand (2012): Private and public provision of counseling to job-seekers. Evidence from a large controlled experiment. (IZA discussion paper 6518), Bonn, 59 S.

Abstract

"Contracting out public services to private firms has ambiguous effects when quality is imperfectly observable. Using a randomized experiment over a national sample in France, we compare the efficiency of the public employment service (PES) vs. private providers in delivering very similar job-search intensive counseling. The impact of each program is assessed with respect to the standard, low intensity track offered by the PES to the unemployed. We find that job-search assistance increases exit rates to employment by 15 to 35%. But the impact of the public program is about twice as large as compared to the private program, at least during the 6 first months after random assignment. We argue that the observed contract structure with the private providers has not overcome the underlying agency problem. We find no evidence of cream-skimming: rather, it seems that profit maximizing private providers have found it optimal to enroll as many job-seekers as they could, but to make minimum effort on the placement of some of them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Konle-Seidl, Regina (2011): Use of profiling for resource allocation, action planning and matching. (Profiling systems for effective labour market integration), Brüssel, 21 S.

Abstract

"Profiling is in many European countries part of a customized 'expert system'. These service delivery systems are characterized by 1) profiling as a quantitative (statistical forecasts) or qualitative (structured interviews, capability tests) diagnostic tool to identify clients' risks 2) customer differentiation for giving different customers different access to employment services according to their needs with the aim to target resources. The idea behind customized or personalized services is that individuals differ in their employability and that such employability declines as the duration of non-employment increases. However, in all European Public Employment Services (PES), it's the caseworker who makes the final decision on the services to be provided. This stands in contrast to the US profiling system where 'hard' (statistical) profiling is compulsory for caseworkers and where the results of statistical profiling are the only factor that determines whether a client has to be transferred to further re-employment support.
A review of experiences with profiling in seven countries (Australia, Germany, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Sweden and the US) show no clear trend, but rather diverging developments in relation to the intensity of using profiling and early intervention strategies. The degree of customer differentiation, as well as the degree of coordination between customer segments and integration measures is very dissimilar across countries. Only few PES (e.g. the German BA and the French Pole d'Emploi) follow a coherent and integrated strategy based on profiling, client segmentation and targeted resource allocation.
Compared to the situation in the mid-2000s, dynamic profiling, i.e. the regular follow-up of the labour market prospects of clients is nowadays mainstream in most countries. Beyond the aim of predicting client needs, there are additional goals linked to profiling and streaming employment services. In countries like Denmark or Germany where UI and non-insured welfare clients are administered now by a single organisation, the aim of providing a common framework for different customer groups has a high priority.
Although there is widespread agreement among researchers and policy makers that prevention and early intervention is the best way of reducing the negative psychological, social and labour market effects of unemployment, only few impact studies have tried to quantify the possible efficiency gains of profiling and early intervention so far. Moreover, there is a general evidence gap in all countries with respect to the impact of different service delivery systems on on/off-flow rates from unemployment or benefit receipt.
Based on the country review, a number of lessons for implementation, i.e. implications for caseworkers and PES managers to further develop profiling and targeting systems can be highlighted. How to balance intensive support with a self-help strategy is a crucial challenge for the years to come. The need for differentiation depends very much on the diversity of client groups the PES is in charge of. However, against the background of stretched budgets, the proof of the cost-effectiveness of labour market programmes and early intervention strategies will be a critical factor." (author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Roger, Muriel & Philippe Zamora (2011): Hiring young, unskilled workers on subsidized open-ended contracts. A good integration programme? In: Oxford review of economic policy, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 380-396. DOI:10.1093/oxrep/grr016

Abstract

"Young labour-market entrants account for a high level of unemployment and short-term contracts. In July 2002, the French government moved to reduce this insecurity at the start of working life by introducing the Youth-in-business Contract (Contrat Jeune en Entreprise), a new contract for young people under 22 years old who dropped out of school before passing their final secondary school examinations. Under this scheme, firms were entitled to claim a subsidy when they hired an eligible young worker on an open-ended contract. We assess the impact of the Youth-in-business Contract on transitions to permanent employment by estimating a dynamic difference-in-difference model drawing on the French Labour Force Survey. We use a new method, inspired by Keane and Sauer (2009), to deal with measurement errors in the data. We find that programme eligibility has no effect on transitions to permanent employment in a recession environment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Card, David, Jochen Kluve & Andrea Weber (2010): Active labor market policy evaluations. A meta-analysis. (NBER working paper 16173), Cambridge, Mass., 48 S. DOI:10.3386/w16173

Abstract

"This paper presents a meta-analysis of recent microeconometric evaluations of active labor market policies. Our sample contains 199 separate 'program estimates' - estimates of the impact of a particular program on a specific subgroup of participants - drawn from 97 studies conducted between 1995 and 2007. For about one-half of the sample we have both a short-term program estimate (for a one-year post-program horizon) and a medium- or long-term estimate (for 2 or 3 year horizons). We categorize the estimated post-program impacts as significantly positive, insignificant, or significantly negative. By this criterion we find that job search assistance programs are more likely to yield positive impacts, whereas public sector employment programs are less likely. Classroom and on-the-job training programs yield relatively positive impacts in the medium term, although in the short-term these programs often have insignificant or negative impacts. We also find that the outcome variable used to measure program impact matters. In particular, studies based on registered unemployment are more likely to yield positive program impacts than those based on other outcomes (like employment or earnings). On the other hand, neither the publication status of a study nor the use of a randomized design is related to the sign or significance of the corresponding program estimate. Finally, we use a subset of studies that focus on post-program employment to compare meta-analytic models for the 'effect size' of a program estimate with models for the sign and significance of the estimated program effect. We find that the two approaches lead to very similar conclusions about the determinants of program impact." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kahn, Lawrence M. (2010): Labor market policy. A comparative view on the costs and benefits of labor market flexibility. (IZA discussion paper 5100), Bonn, 36 S.

Abstract

"I review theories and evidence on wage-setting institutions and labor market policies in an international comparative context. These include collective bargaining, minimum wages, employment protection laws, unemployment insurance (UI), mandated parental leave, and active labor market policies (ALMPs). Since it is unlikely that an unregulated private sector would provide the income insurance these institutions do, these policies may enhance economic efficiency. However, to the extent that unemployment or resource misallocation results from such measures, these efficiency gains may be offset. Overall, Scandinavia and Central Europe follow distinctively more interventionist policies than the English speaking countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Possible explanations for such differences include vulnerability to external market forces and ethnic homogeneity. I then review evidence on the impacts of these policies and institutions. While the interventionist model appears to cause lower levels of wage inequality and high levels of job security to incumbent workers, it also in some cases leads to the relegation of new entrants (disproportionately women, youth and immigrants) as well as the less skilled to temporary jobs or unemployment. Making labor markets more flexible could bring these groups into the regular labor market to a greater extent, at the expense of higher levels of economic insecurity for incumbents and higher levels of wage inequality. The Danish model of loosening employment protections while providing relatively generous UI benefits with strict job search requirements holds out the possibility of reducing barriers for new entrants and the less skilled while maintaining some level of income insurance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Card, David, Jochen Kluve & Andrea Weber (2009): Active labor market policy evaluations. A meta-analysis. (IZA discussion paper 4002), Bonn, 51 S.

Abstract

"In dieser Meta-Analyse aktueller mikroökonometrischer Evaluationen aktiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik werden 97 Studien aus dem Zeitraum 1995 bis 2007 ausgewertet. Im Vergleich der Programmtypen haben demnach subventionierte Beschäftigungsprogramme des öffentlichen Sektors den geringsten Effekt. Programme, die Unterstützung bei der Jobsuche bieten, haben kurzzeitig einen relativ positiven Effekt, während Gruppen- und On-the-job-Trainingsprogramme mittelfristig besser abschneiden als kurzfristig. Kontrolliert man für die Ergebnisgröße sowie den Programm- und Teilnehmertyp, haben experimentelle und nicht-experimentelle Studien ähnliche Anteile signifikant negativer und positiver Einflussschätzungen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Forschungsdesigns aktueller nicht-experimenteller Evaluationen nicht zu verzerrten Ergebnissen führen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Crépon, Bruno, Marc Ferracci, Gregory Jolivet & Gerard J. van den Berg (2009): Active labor market policy effects in a dynamic setting. In: Journal of the European Economic Association, Jg. 7, H. 2/3, S. 595-605. DOI:10.1162/JEEA.2009.7.2-3.595

Abstract

"This paper implements a method to identify and estimate treatment effects in a dynamic setting where treatments may occur at any point in time. By relating the standard matching approach to the timing-of-events approach, it demonstrates that effects of the treatment on the treated at a given date can be identified although non-treated may be treated later in time. The approach builds on a 'no anticipation' assumption and the assumption of conditional independence between the duration until treatment and the counterfactual durations until exit. To illustrate the approach, the paper studies the effect of training for unemployed workers in France, using a rich register data set. Training has little impact on unemployment duration. The contamination of the standard matching estimator due to later entries into treatment is large if the treatment probability is high." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Thomsen, Stephan L. (2009): Job search assistance programs in Europe. Evaluation methods and recent empirical findings. (Universität Magdeburg, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaft. Working paper 2009/18), Magdeburg, 42 S.

Abstract

"Job search assistance programs are part of active labor market policy in many countries. The main characteristics of these activities are an intensified counseling and a job search monitoring; in addition, several countries integrate courses teaching further skills into the programs. Job search assistance programs should help to increase the employment chances and to reduce the unemployment duration of the job seekers. In this paper, recent empirical findings from evaluation studies for 9 European countries are reviewed and implications with regard to the effectiveness of the activities are derived. To make the findings of various studies evaluating the different programs comparable, the methodological issues of the empirical approaches applied to estimate the causal effects of the programs are discussed in detail. In addition, relevant characteristics of the unemployment insurance systems, the assignment process, and the content of programs are presented to derive meaningful implications. The comparison of the programs takes account of individual effects and, if available, cost benefit considerations. The results show that job search assistance programs tend to provide an effective means to reduce individual unemployment, particularly if provided as combinations of intensive counseling and short-term training courses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Arnaud, Franck, Marion Cochard, Berengere Junod-Mesqui & Sebastien Vermare (2008): Les effets incitatifs de la prime pour l'emploi. Une evaluation difficile. In: Economie et Statistique H. 412, S. 57-80.

Abstract

"Der Gedanke, dass mangelndes Angebot den Arbeitsmarkt beeinträchtigt, führte zu Beginn des neuen Jahrtausends zur Schaffung einer Beschäftigungsprämie im Rahmen eines Reformpakets, das den Übergang von Arbeitslosigkeit zu Beschäftigung lohnender gestalten sollte. Der Zweck dieser Prämie wird im Gesetz vom 30. Mai 2001 folgendermaßen definiert: 'Zu Gunsten von natürlichen Personen mit Wohnsitz in Frankreich wird ein Anspruch auf eine Negativsteuer mit der Bezeichnung Beschäftigungsprämie geschaffen, die einen Anreiz zur Aufnahme oder zur Beibehaltung einer Beschäftigung geben soll.' Seit der Erhebung Revenus fiscaux (ERF) von 2001 werden zwei Methoden für die Bewertung der Auswirkung der Beschäftigungsprämie auf den Arbeitsmarkt eingesetzt. Dabei wird jedes Mal ein Vergleich zwischen einer Gruppe des angesprochenen Personenkreises und einer Kontrollgruppe angestellt, deren Mitglieder zwar nicht von der Beschäftigungsprämie betroffen sind, jedoch ähnlich gelagerte Merkmale wie die erste Gruppe aufweisen. Es ergibt sich keine signifikante Auswirkung der Beschäftigungsprämie auf die Beschäftigung, auch nicht, wenn nur der Beschäftigungsgrad verheirateter Frauen betrachtet wird. Diese Ergebnisse stimmen mit den Ergebnissen von ex ante-Untersuchungen überein, die schon die geringe Anreizwirkung der Reform hervorhoben. Sie erklären sich einerseits durch die geringe Höhe der Beschäftigungsprämie im Jahr 2001 und andererseits sicher auch durch die lange Frist zwischen Wiederaufnahme einer Beschäftigung und tatsächlicher Auszahlung der Beschäftigungsprämie (bis zu 18 Monaten), was die Sichtbarkeit ihrer Vorteile mindert. Diese Ergebnisse sind jedoch zu relativieren. Unsere Untersuchung bezieht sich nämlich nur auf die Beschäftigungsprämie, die für Arbeitseinkommen aus dem Jahr 2001 ausgezahlt wurde, als die Maßnahme ein Jahr nach Einführung wahrscheinlich noch wenig bekannt war. Seitdem wurden Änderungen vorgenommen (höhere Beträge bei Teilzeitarbeit, Anhebung der ausgezahlten Prämien, Vorauszahlungen und monatliche Auszahlungen), die zusammen mit einer zügigeren Bearbeitung durch die zuständigen Behörden die Anreizwirkung positiv verändern könnten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Crépon, Bruno, Marc Ferracci & Denis Fougere (2007): Training the unemployed in France. How does it affect unemployment duration and recurrence? (IZA discussion paper 3215), Bonn, 42 S.

Abstract

"Econometric evaluations of public-sponsored training programmes generally find little evidence of an impact of such policies on transition rates out of unemployment. We perform the first evaluation of training effects for the unemployed adults in France, exploiting a unique longitudinal dataset from the unemployment insurance system. Using the so-called timing-of-events methodology to control for both observed and unobserved heterogeneity, we find that training does not accelerate the exit from unemployment, but has a significant and positive effect on the duration of the subsequent employment spell. Accounting for training duration, we find that longer training spells cause longer unemployment spells, but also longer employment spells, suggesting that training improves the matching process between jobseekers and firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Konle-Seidl, Regina, Sabine Fromm & Kristina Lang (2006): Die SGB II-Reform im europäischen Kontext. In: Bundesagentur für Arbeit (Hrsg.) (2006): Jahresbericht 2005 : SGB II, Sozialgesetzbuch Zweites Buch, Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende. Zahlen, Daten, Fakten, S. 86-102.

Abstract

Durch einen Vergleich der Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland mit der Politik in Dänemark, Frankreich, Großbritannien und den Niederlande wird gezeigt, dass viele Elemente der deutschen Arbeitsmarktreform sich auch in anderen europäischen Ländern finden. Vorbild für den in Deutschland im Jahr 2005 vollzogenen Wechsel von einer aktiven zu einer aktivierenden Arbeitsmarktpolitik des 'Fördern und Fordern' ist die britische 'Work first'-Politik und das 'Welfare-to-work'-Programm der britischen Labour-Regierung seit 1997. Während Großbritannien bereits von Beginn an stärker das Fordern betonte, wurde in Dänemark Mitte der neunziger Jahre mit der 'Aktivierungslinie' stärker auf das Fördern gesetzt; seit 2003 werden jedoch auch in Dänemark die Elemente des 'Forderns' stärker betont, wobei der Schwerpunkt der Aktivierung seitdem weniger auf arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen als vielmehr auf Arbeitssuche und Arbeitsvermittlung liegt. Eines der wenigen europäischen Länder, das nach wie vor stärker auf 'Aktivierung ohne Fordern' setzt, ist Frankreich. Stattdessen setzt Frankreich auf die Leitidee des Erhalts des sozialen Zusammenhalts der Gesellschaft, der 'cohesion sociale'. Die Niederlande gehören seit den achtziger Jahren zu den Ländern mit den höchsten Ausgaben für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Europa. Bis Mitte der 90er Jahre standen Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen im Vordergrund, mit der Änderung des Arbeitslosigkeitsgesetzes im Jahr 1995 traten 'fordernde' Elemente in der Arbeitsmarktpolitik stärker in den Vordergrund. Charakteristisch für die Niederlande ist ein Türwächtersystem für den Zugang zu allen Sozialleistungen. Im Gegensatz zu Großbritannien erfolgten in den Niederlanden und in Dänemark (bislang) keine vollständige Vereinheitlichung und auch keine Absenkung von Transferleistungen für erwerbsfähige Langzeitarbeitslose. Im Anhang werden die Informationen über die einzelnen Länder auch in Form einer Synopse präsentiert, wobei für jedes Land die Grundsätze, Zielgruppen, Reformschritte, Transferleistungen, die wichtigsten Förderinstrumente, die organisatorische Umsetzung, Erfolgskriterien und Besonderheiten angegeben werden. (IAB)

Zitatform

Tatsiramos, Konstantinos (2006): Unemployment insurance in Europe. Unemployment duration and subsequent employment stability. (IZA discussion paper 2280), Bonn, 43 S.

Abstract

"The empirical literature on unemployment insurance has focused on its direct effect on unemployment duration, while the potential indirect effect on employment stability through a more efficient matching process, as the unemployed can search for a longer period, has attracted much less attention. In the European context this is surprising as reform proposals of the unemployment insurance system aiming at reducing high European unemployment rates should consider both effects. This paper provides evidence on the effect of unemployment benefits on unemployment and employment duration in Europe, using individual data from the European Community Household Panel for eight countries. Country specific estimates based on a multivariate discrete proportional hazard model, controlling for observed and unobserved individual heterogeneity, suggest that even if receiving benefits has a direct negative effect increasing the duration of unemployment spells, there is also a positive indirect! effect of benefits on subsequent employment duration. This indirect effect is pronounced in countries with relatively generous benefit systems, and for recipients who have remained unemployed for at least six months. In terms of the magnitude of the effect, recipients remain employed on average two to four months longer than non-recipients. This represents a ten to twenty per cent increase relative to the average employment duration, compensating for the additional time spent in unemployment. These findings are in line with theories suggesting a matching effect of unemployment insurance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Devoine, Lucie & Jean-Paul Zoyem (2005): Nouveaux services. Emplois jeunes l'importance du genre. In: Travail et emploi H. 104, S. 43-53.

Abstract

"This contribution aims at analysing three dimensions of worker's relationship to his/her work: skills acquisition, job satisfaction (and dissatisfaction) and attachment to his employer and to his occupation. We use data from a longitudinal survey of the labour market policies beneficiaries made by the statistical service of the Ministry of Labour (DARES). For young people enrolled in the French labour market programme called 'New Services - Jobs for Young People' (in French Nouveaux services - emplois jeunes, abbr. NSEJ), results show positive relationship to the work. However, gender inequalities remain: all other things equal, girls declare more frequently that they put a lot into their work, they also express more proud of well done work than boys, but girls are more prone to estimate that their abilities are not recognized. Some interpretations of these results are provided. To complement this evaluation of the NSEJ, we use more objective indicators to analyse the job situation after the programme." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Harsløf, Ivan (2005): Integrative' or 'defensive' youth activation in nine European welfare states. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 8, H. 4, S. 461-481. DOI:10.1080/13676260500431792

Abstract

"Young unemployed persons are a prioritised group in active labour market programmes. Such programmes can be regarded as 'integrative', facilitating integration into the labour market for young people in accordance with their own preferences. However, such programmes can also be regarded as 'defensive', discouraging young unemployed persons from claiming transfer incomes and urging them to lower their sights when looking for jobs. The article examines the conceptions of the young participants themselves, analysing whether activation programmes are experienced in ways endorsing the integrative or the defensive perspective across different European welfare states. Survey data from these countries indicate that activation programmes for youth are at the integrative end of the spectrum. This is especially the case in the universal welfare regime countries, which are also the group of countries in which youth activation schemes are most widespread. Participant's scheme evaluations are least favourable in Scotland, in line with expectations of a liberal welfare regime approach. Most conservative welfare regime countries fall in between." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kodre, Petra, Martin Roggenkamp, Christian Roth & Elke Scheffelt (Hrsg.) (2005): Lokale Beschäftigungsbündnisse. Europäische Perspektiven in Forschung und Praxis. (Forschung aus der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung 58), Berlin: Edition Sigma, 206 S.

Abstract

"In der Arbeitsmarkt- und Beschäftigungspolitik hat sich in den neunziger Jahren insbesondere durch die Implementation lokaler Beschäftigungsbündnisse in der Europäischen Union eine neue Handlungsebene etabliert. Aufgrund ihres dezentralen Handlungskontextes und ihres partnerschaftlichen Ansatzes erschließen diese Bündnisse neue Potenziale für mehr Beschäftigung. Das Erkenntnisinteresse dieses Bandes richtet sich auf die Handlungsbedingungen, Erfolgsfaktoren und möglichen Fehlentwicklungen dezentraler Kooperation, wobei die Funktionsweise regionaler Selbstorganisation und Fragen der Effizienz lokaler Beschäftigungsbündnisse von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Die Autor/inn/en stellen nicht nur einzelne Fallbeispiele vor und präsentieren übergreifende Synthesen aus empirischen Einzelergebnissen, sondern diskutieren auch unterschiedliche theoretische Zugänge zur Thematik insbesondere aus der Netzwerk- und Governanceforschung. Ihr Ziel ist es dabei, aus einer europäischen und regionalen sowie international vergleichenden Perspektive den Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis voranzutreiben und den Blick für die Erfolgsbedingungen und die mögliche Übertragbarkeit derartiger Bündnisse zu schärfen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Laurent, Thierry & Yannick L'Horty (2004): Incitation au retour à l'emploi. Une perspective dynamique. In: Travail et emploi H. 98, S. 67-75.

Abstract

"Theorical and applied studies about monetary gains for the jobless returning to employment, and resulting economic policy recommandations to build up social transfers, lay on a static approach. The proposal here, is a dynamic evaluation of those gains taking into account inter-temporal arbitration made by the jobless, and the effect of return to employment on employment prospect. Low-wage benefits upon return to employment are neither necessary nor sufficient to create incentive or equity problems. As a result, recommendations for economic policy are modified. To make work pay, it is not enough to reform the welfare system. It is also necessary to encourage ascending professionnal mobility by active, growth-supporting policies on the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
"Les travaux théoriques et appliqués sur les gains du retour à l'emploi et les politiques qui s'en inspirent procèdent essentiellement d'une approche statique. On propose ici, à partir de l'analyse des données de l'enquête Emploi 2001 sur les jeunes hommes qualifiés et les femmes de 3 5 ans qualifiées, une évaluation dynamique de ces gains. Sont pris en compte la nature temporelle des arbitrages effectués par les chômeurs, et l'impact d'un retour à l'emploi immédiat sur leurs perspectives d'emploi à moyen terme. Les recommandations de politique économique s'en trouvent modifiées. Pour faire en sorte que le travail " soit payant ", il ne suffit pas de réformer le système de prestations sociales, il faut aussi favoriser les mobilités professionnelles ascendantes par des politiques de soutien à la croissance et des politiques actives sur le marché du travail." (Resume d'auteur, IAB-Doku) ((fr))

Zitatform

Hammer, Torild (Hrsg.) (2003): Youth unemployment and social exclusion. A comparative study. Bristol: The Policy Press, 233 S.

Abstract

"Throughout the European Union rates of unemployment among young people tend to be higher than among the general population and there is a serious risk of marginalisation and exclusion. This book presents the findings of the first comparative study of unemployed youth in Europe using a large and original data set. It addresses some of the key questions around the issue including: -How do young people cope with unemployment? -Does unemployment lead to social exclusion of young people, implying a withdrawal from society, financial deprivation and social isolation? Drawing on a research sample of over 17.000 young unemployed people in 10 European countries, the book examines how different welfare strategies and labour market policies in different countries influence the risk of social exclusion among unemployed youth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"This overview adds to the body of knowledge on self-employment programmes by looking specifically at whether and how micro-finance can help bridge the credit gap. It presents results of 45 surveys and studies carried out in 1999 and 2000 as well as the outcome of an international conference in 2000 in Bonn. The report identifies the factors that make good self-employment promotion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kirsch, Johannes & Matthias Knuth (2001): Berufliche Neuorientierung bei Arbeitsplatzverlust. Ein deutsch-französischer Vergleich. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 54, H. 1, S. 36-41.

Abstract

"Eine der Innovationen des seit 1998 geltenden Sozialgesetzbuches III sind die Zuschüsse für Sozialplanmaßnahmen zur Neuorientierung und Weiterbildung von Arbeitnehmern, die durch eine Betriebsänderung von Arbeitslosigkeit bedroht sind. Ermutigende Wiederbeschäftigungsraten von Teilnehmern dieser Maßnahmen stehen im Widerspruch zu ihrer marginalen Inanspruchnahme durch Personal abbauende Betriebe. In Frankreich dagegen werden die "conventions de conversion" -ein Instrument mit ähnlicher Zielsetzung - bei weitem zahlreicher genutzt. Dies ist auf eine gesetzliche Verpflichtung der Arbeitgeber sowie hohe Anreize für die betroffenen Arbeitnehmer zurückzuführen. Da die Maßnahmen in Regie der Arbeitsämter durchgeführt werden, ist ihr Zustandekommen unabhängig von Existenz und Qualität der Arbeitnehmervertretung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Czommer, Lars, Johannes Kirsch, Matthias Knuth, Sirikit Krone, Gernot Mühge, Angelika Müller, Josef Muth & Jochen Schroth (2001): Sozialplanzuschüsse in der betrieblichen Praxis und im internationalen Vergleich von Instrumenten des Beschäftigungstransfers. Ergänzender Bericht der Begleitforschung zu den Zuschüssen zu Sozialplanmaßnahmen nach §§ 254ff. SGB III. (IAB-Projektbericht), Gelsenkirchen, 187 S.

Abstract

Seit dem 1. Januar 1998 kann die Bundesanstalt für Arbeit Wiedereingliederungsmaßnahmen fördern, die in einem Sozialplan für vor dem Verlust ihres Arbeitsplatzes stehende Arbeitnehmer vorgesehen sind. Von September 1998 bis August 2000 hat das Institut Arbeit und Technik im Auftrag des IAB eine Begleitforschung zur Implementation der Maßnahmen durchgeführt. Hauptzweck der Veröffentlichung ist es, die Fallstudien, aus denen im Endbericht Schlussfolgerungen gezogen werden, dem interessierten Leser in ausführlicherer Form zugänglich zu machen. Außerdem wird ein Blick sowohl über die Landesgrenzen als auch über die Grenzen des Begleitforschungsauftrages geworfen. Um die Diskussion darüber zu befruchten, wie man berufliche Übergänge bei strukturellem Wandel des Beschäftigungssystems noch wirksamer unterstützen könnte, werden Erfahrungen mit den österreichischen "Arbeitsstiftungen" sowie mit den französischen Transfervereinbarungen (conventions de conversion) vorgestellt. Im Anschluss daran werden im Schlusskapitel Anregungen zur Weiterentwicklung der proaktiven Arbeitsförderung in Deutschland gegeben. (IAB2)

Zitatform

(2001): Labour market policy and unemployment. Impact and process evaluations in selected European countries. (Labour markets and employment policy), Cheltenham u.a.: Elgar, 317 S.

Abstract

"This book examines the effectiveness of active labour market policies and their contribution to the prevention of long-term unemployment and social exclusion. The evalution studies reported in this volume focus on two aspects of active labour market policies that have been relatively neglected in previous research and merit special attention. The first part of the book deals with aggregate impact analysis. Using examples from France, Germany, The Netherlands and Spain, the contributors attempt to estimate the impact of active labour market policies on the transition from unemployment to employment using aggregate data at the regional level. Although quantitative in nature, these contributions take into account qualitative aspects such as the socio-economic context of the countries concerned and the structure of active labour market policies. The book then focuses on implementation issues and includes implementation studies carried out in Germany, The Netherlands and Sweden. The qualitative element plays a far more important role in these contributions which rely on case studies and surveys in addition to statistical data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Lechner, Michael & Friedhelm Pfeiffer (Hrsg.) (2001): Econometric evaluation of labour market policies. (ZEW economic studies 13), Heidelberg u.a.: Physica-Verl., 242 S.

Abstract

Der Band enthält die folgenden Beiträge zur Evaluation der Arbeitsmarktpolitik:
1. Instrumental variables, selection models, and tight bounds on the average treatment effect (James J. Heckman, Edward J. Vytlacil)
2. Some remarks on instrumental variables (Guido W. Imbens)
3. Identification and estimation of causal effects of multiple treatments under the conditional independence assumption (Michael Lechner)
4. Evaluating profiling as a means of allocating government service (Mark C. Berger, Dan Black, Jeffrey A. Smith)
5. Using matching estimators to evaluate alternative youth employme programs: Evidence from France, 1986-1988 (Thomas Brodaty, Bruno Crepon, Denis Fougere)
6. Do active labor market policies help unemployed workers to find keep regular jobs? (Jan C. van Ours)
7. Why do subsidised firms survive longer? An evaluation of a program promoting youth entrepreneurship in Italy (Erich Battistin, Andrea Gavosto, Enrico Rettore)
8. Estimating the effect of vocational rehabilitation programs in Sweden (Almas Heshmati, Lars-Gunnar Engström)
9. The impact of non-profit temping agencies on individual labour market success (Michael Lechner, Friedhelm Pfeiffer, Hannes Spengler, Matthias Almus). (IAB2)

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(2001): Impulse für die Arbeitsmarktpolitik. (Gesprächskreis Arbeit und Soziales 98), Bonn, 110 S.

Abstract

Die Broschüre enthält die folgenden Referate einer Fachtagung zum Thema "Von unseren Nachbarn lernen - Impulse für die Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland:
--Die französische Beschäftigungs- und Sozialpolitik. Impulse für Deutschland? (Dietrich Hoss)
--Wege aus der Beschäftigungskrise - Das Beispiel Niederlande (Ellen van Doorne)
--Europäische Impulse für die Reform der deutschen Arbeitsmarktpolitik (Adi Ostertag)
--Schritte zur Verstetigung und Modernisierung der Arbeitsmarkt- und Beschäftigungspolitik in Deutschland (Gerd Andres)
--Europäische Impulse für die Region Berlin-Brandenburg. Möglichkeiten und Chancen einer regionalen Bildungs- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik (Gabriele Schöttler)
--Modernisierung der Arbeitsmarktpolitik - Modernisierung der Arbeitsverwaltung (Klaus Clausnitzer)
--Möglichkeiten der Steigerung der Effizienz und Qualität der Arbeitsmarkt- und Beschäftigungspolitik aus Sicht des DGB - 10 Thesen (Johannes Jakob)
--Effizienz und Effektivität der Arbeitsmarktpolitik - Empfehlungen für die Reform des SGB III (Frank Frick)
--Neustrukturierung des Verhältnisses von Aus- und Weiterbildung - ein Beitrag zur Strukturierung des lebenslangen Lernens (Edgar Sauter)
--Beschäftigungsfähigkeit - eine neue Zieldimension für die Integration Jugendlicher ins Erwerbsleben? (Karen Schober)
--Arbeitsmarkt- und Strukturpolitik. Wege zu Innovation, Wachstum und Beschäftigung (Matthias Knuth). (IAB2)

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Fougere, Denis, Francis Kramarz & Thierry Magnac (2000): Youth employment policies in France. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 44, H. 4/6, S. 927-942. DOI:10.1016/S0014-2921(99)00051-3

Abstract

Die Autoren geben die Ergebnisse von Evaluationsstudien wieder, die die Wirksamkeit von verschiedenen arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen für Jugendliche in Frankreich zum Gegenstand haben. (IAB)

Zitatform

Gray, Anne (1999): The Community Programme revisited. Lessons for the New Deal era? In: Local Economy, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 96-109.

Abstract

"This paper examines the lessons for the New Deal era of some older strands in UK and European labour market measures the Community Programme of the 1980s and the experience of enterprises d'insertion in France, Spain and the Netherlands. It considers whether the institutional infrastructure of the New Deal is appropriate for the realisation of 'intermediate labour markets'. This raises some further questions; whether ILMs are about creating employment or merely redistributing it, and whether it would be preferable to use the 'benefit transfer principle' to produce social wealth without regard for commercial viability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))