Evaluation der Arbeitsmarktpolitik
Arbeitsmarktpolitik soll neben der Wirtschafts- und Strukturpolitik sowie der Arbeitszeit- und Lohnpolitik einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Arbeitslosigkeit leisten. Aber ist sie dabei auch erfolgreich und stehen die eingebrachten Mittel in einem angemessenen Verhältnis zu den erzielten Wirkungen? Die Evaluationsforschung geht der Frage nach den Beschäftigungseffekten und den sozialpolitischen Wirkungen auf individueller und gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene nach. Das Dossier bietet weiterführende Informationen zu Evaluationsmethoden und den Wirkungen von einzelnen Maßnahmen für verschiedene Zielgruppen.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Grundlagenbeiträge
- Methoden und Datensatzbeschreibungen
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Typologie der Maßnahmen
- Institutionen der Arbeitsförderung
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Vermittlung und Beratung
- Prozessoptimierung
- Profiling und Case Management, Eingliederungsvereinbarung
- Unterstützung bei der Arbeitsuche
- Vermittlung durch Dritte
- Vermittlung von Beziehern von Bürgergeld, Sozialhilfe oder Arbeitslosengeld II
- Zusammenarbeit von Arbeits- und Sozialverwaltung
- Job-Center
- Personal-Service-Agentur
- Zeitarbeit
- (gemeinnützige) Arbeitnehmerüberlassung
- Vermittlungsgutscheine
- Berufsberatung
- Aus- und Weiterbildung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung
- Transfer- und Mobilitätsmaßnahmen
- berufliche Rehabilitation
- Lohnersatzleistungen / Einkommensunterstützung
- Altersteilzeit und Vorruhestand
- Sonstiges
- Typologie der Arbeitslosen
- besondere Personengruppen
- Geschlecht
- Geografischer Bezug
- Alter
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Literaturhinweis
Opportunities of AI within PES processes and services: PES Network Report exploring PES experiences, best practices and emerging business value (2025)
Pieterson, Willem;Zitatform
Pieterson, Willem (2025): Opportunities of AI within PES processes and services. PES Network Report exploring PES experiences, best practices and emerging business value. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union, 67 S. DOI:10.2767/84293
Abstract
"Artificial intelligence (AI), as a branch of advanced data analytics, is a rapidly evolving field. The release of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) in 2022 and the many tools and applications using Generative AI (GenAI) highlight new possibilities. Many governments and public sector agencies are interested in how AI can transform their processes and client services – Public Employment Services (PES) are no exception. An Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) study in 2022 suggests that most PES are now showing concrete interest in adopting AI: nearly 40% of PES are looking into AI tools or tools using other types of advanced analytics (AA) to support jobseeker profiling, while more than 40% see the potential of AI for job matching or career services, such as identifying skill gaps. (…) This report compiles a more complete overview of existing and planned AI practices across European PES. It analyses their outcomes, the challenges PES face, and the context in which these developments take place." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Heterogeneity in labor mobility and unemployment flows across countries (2023)
Créchet, Jonathan;Zitatform
Créchet, Jonathan (2023): Heterogeneity in labor mobility and unemployment flows across countries. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 155. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104441
Abstract
"Empirical studies of labor-market flows suggest cross-country differences in long-run aggregate unemployment inflows and outflows of a strikingly large magnitude. The canonical search-and-matching framework of Mortensen and Pissarides (1994, 1999b; the MP model) features small elasticities of steady-state unemployment flows with respect to firing costs, at odds with the idea that labor-market institutions such as employment protection policies are a primary driver of this variation. This paper shows that introducing permanent match-quality heterogeneity in the standard MP model substantially amplifies these elasticities. It then develops a quantitative search model with worker and job heterogeneity consistent with U.S. worker-flow data. This model implies that employment protection differences plausibly account for most of the long-run unemployment-flow variation across high-income countries. In sharp contrast, shutting down heterogeneity implies that large changes in matching efficiency are required to explain the same cross-country variation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Active and passive labor-market policies: the outlook from the Beveridge curve (2023)
Zitatform
Destefanis, Sergio, Matteo Fragetta & Nazzareno Ruggiero (2023): Active and passive labor-market policies: the outlook from the Beveridge curve. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 55, H. 55, S. 6538-6550. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2022.2159010
Abstract
"Following a panel ARDL approach, we appraise the impact of various indicators of active and passive labor-market policies within the framework of the Beveridge curve across fourteen OECD countries from 1985 to 2013, controlling for other factors, both institutional (tax wedge) and structural (technological progress, globalization). We embed the role of these variables within the specification of the Beveridge curve, finding that the generosity of unemployment benefits has a detrimental impact on labor-market matching, with the duration of benefits and the strictness of the rules pertaining to the deployment of benefits taking a key role in driving this result. Among active labor-market policies, employment incentives and especially training have a favourable effect on matching. There is evidence of a virtuous interaction between active and passive policies. A significantly detrimental role emerges for the tax wedge. These results are consistent across various specifications, and structural relationships are stable throughout the 2008–2013 period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Can Workforce Development Help Us Reach Full Employment? (2023)
Zitatform
Holzer, Harry J. (2023): Can Workforce Development Help Us Reach Full Employment? (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16624), Bonn, 24 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, I review the potential of workforce development programs to help the US get closer to "full employment." First, I provide some background on workforce development in the US, and also on the aggregate employment/labor force issues that workforce programs may or may not address. Then I review the empirical evidence on job training and other forms of workforce development, in terms of impacts on employment (as opposed to earnings). I briefly consider how the US experience in this regard compares and contrasts with that of other countries in the EU or OECD, and what we might learn from them. I conclude that more and better workforce development could help somewhat to achieve lower unemployment and higher labor force participation in the US, though we also need a range of other policies to achieve these goals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Firm Closures and Labor Market Policies in Europe: Evidence from Retrospective Longitudinal Data (2023)
Zitatform
Theodoropoulos, Nikolaos & Georgios Voucharas (2023): Firm Closures and Labor Market Policies in Europe. Evidence from Retrospective Longitudinal Data. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1288), Essen, 35 S.
Abstract
"We examine the impact of active and passive labor market policies expenditures on the probability of re-employment, re-employment duration, unemployment duration, and re-employment wages in the case of job displacements due to firm closures. We use retrospective homogeneous longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and OECD data for 24 countries over the period 1985-2017 and we operate within alternative econometric frameworks. Our findings suggest that, in contrast to passive labor market policies, investing in active labor market policies increases the re-employment probability and the re-employment duration, reduces the risk of staying unemployed, and leads to higher wages at the lower end of the conditional wage distribution. Passive labor market policies estimates offset active labor market estimates and their interaction effect is always negative, but complementarities effects are found for Northern countries. By breaking down active and passive labor market policies into eight subcomponents, our results indicate that they have significant heterogeneous effects within and across labor market outcomes. Further, expenditures on labor market policies vary substantially across regions. For instance, active labor market policies have a stronger impact for Eastern countries, whereas passive labor market policies such as out-of-work income has a positive impact for Southern countries. Further, females are found to benefit more from active labor market policies in terms of re-employment probability, duration of re-employment, and risk of unemployment, but not in terms of wages, compared to males. Policymakers may consider the importance of implementing diverse reforms tailored to different countries and groups to enhance the effectiveness of labor market policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
OECD-Wirtschaftsberichte: Deutschland 2023 (2023)
Zitatform
(2023): OECD-Wirtschaftsberichte: Deutschland 2023. (OECD-Wirtschaftsberichte. Deutschland), Paris, 178 S. DOI:10.1787/80df9211-de
Abstract
"Nach zehn Jahren mit dynamischem exportinduziertem Wachstum, sinkender Arbeitslosigkeit und Haushaltsüberschüssen zeigten die Pandemie und die Energiekrise, dass Deutschland strukturelle Schwachstellen aufweist und seine ökologische und digitale Transformation unbedingt beschleunigen muss. Gleichzeitig erhöht die rasche Bevölkerungsalterung den Druck auf die öffentlichen Finanzen und verschärft den Fachkräftemangel. Um das Arbeitsangebot zu erhöhen, ist es wichtig, die Steuern und Abgaben auf Arbeit insbesondere für Geringqualifizierte und Zweitverdienende zu senken, die Fachkräftemigration zu erleichtern und die Aus‑ und Weiterbildung zu verbessern. Eine modernisierte Verwaltung mit weniger Bürokratie und besseren öffentlichen Dienstleistungen würde sich positiv auf die wirtschaftliche Dynamik und die Innovationstätigkeit auswirken. Um den hohen Investitionsbedarf zu decken und gleichzeitig die Tragfähigkeit der öffentlichen Finanzen zu wahren, müssen Steuervergünstigen abgebaut werden, denn häufig sind sie verzerrend, regressiv oder umweltschädlich. Außerdem gilt es, den Steuervollzug zu stärken, die Ausgabeneffizienz im öffentlichen Sektor zu erhöhen und die Ausgaben besser zu priorisieren. Das Ziel der Klimaneutralität bis 2045 erfordert kosteneffiziente Maßnahmen, damit weder die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit noch der soziale Zusammenhalt geschwächt werden. Deutschland sollte die CO2 ‑Bepreisung ausweiten, sie aber mit gut konzipierten sektorspezifischen Bestimmungen und Beihilfen kombinieren, um insbesondere grüne FuE zu fördern, den Ausbau nachhaltiger Verkehrs‑ und Stromnetzinfrastrukturen voranzutreiben und den Wohngebäudesektor zu dekarbonisieren. Die Einnahmen aus der CO2 ‑Bepreisung können Niedrigeinkommenshaushalten zugutekommen und die aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik verbessern. Dies würde den sozialen Zusammenhalt stärken." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis across 26 OECD Countries (2022)
Zitatform
Bakker, Vincent & Olaf van Vliet (2022): Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis across 26 OECD Countries. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 728-750. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000386
Abstract
"Raising employment has been at the heart of EU strategies for over twenty years. Social investment, by now a widely debated topic in the comparative welfare state literature, has been suggested as a way to pursue this. However, there are only a couple of systematic comparative analyses that focus on the employment outcomes associated with social investment. Analyses of the interdependence of these policies with regard to their outcomes are even more scarce. We empirically analyse the extent to which variation in employment rates within 26 OECD countries over the period 1990-2010 can be explained by effort on five social investment policies. We additionally explore the role of policy and institutional complementarities. Using time-series cross-section analyses we find robust evidence for a positive association between effort on ALMPs and employment rates. For other policies we obtain mixed results. ALMPs are the only policies for which we observe signs of policy interdependence, which point at diminishing marginal returns. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that the interdependence of social investment policies varies across welfare state regimes. Together, this indicates that the employment outcomes of social investment policies are also contingent on the broader framework of welfare state policies and institutions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The decline in the wage share: falling bargaining power of labour or technological progress? Industry-level evidence from the OECD (2022)
Zitatform
Guschanski, Alexander & Özlem Onaran (2022): The decline in the wage share: falling bargaining power of labour or technological progress? Industry-level evidence from the OECD. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 20, H. 3, S. 1091-1124. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaa031
Abstract
"We investigate whether the downward trend in the wage share is driven by technological change or a decline in labour’s bargaining power. We present an econometric analysis using industry-level data for 14 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for the 1970–2014 period and test whether the determinants of the wage share differ between manufacturing and service industries, between workers of different skill groups and across countries with different bargaining regimes. Our findings suggest that the wage share declined due to a fall in labour’s bargaining power driven by offshoring to developing countries and changes in labour market institutions such as union density, social government expenditure and minimum wages. In contrast, the effect of technological change is not robust. While we find evidence for a negative effect on medium-skilled workers, our results cast doubt on the hypothesis of skill-biased technological change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women employment unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries 1985-2018 (2022)
Zitatform
Nieuwenhuis, Rense (2022): No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women employment unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries 1985-2018. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 56, H. 5, S. 808-826. DOI:10.1111/spol.12806
Abstract
"Comparative welfare state research as examined the outcomes of active labour market policies (ALMP) and work-family reconciliation policies by and large been separately. As a result, potential complementarities between these policy areas have received scant attention empirically. Using macro-level data, this study answers the question to what extent, and in which way, governments' efforts in ALMP and in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are complementary to each other in promoting women's employment rates and reducing women's unemployment and inactivity rates in 30 OECD countries from 1985 to 2018. The article theorises about how the various policies that constitute a welfare state relate to each other, distinguishing between pluralism, complementarity and substitutability. These findings provide support for the notion of welfare pluralism, in the sense that ALMP and ECEC policies work together in improving women's employment rates in slightly different ways: ALMP achieve this through reducing women's unemployment rates, whereas ECEC also achieve lower inactivity rates for women. There was, however, more support for the notion of substitution rather than complementarity: the marginal benefits associated with an increase in either ALMP or ECEC were smaller in the context of large investments in the other policy. In other words, the highest rates of women's employment, and the lowest rates of unemployment and inactivity, are found in countries with large investments in both ALMP and ECEC, but such higher investments are associated with diminishing returns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women employment unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries 1985-2018 (2022)
Zitatform
Nieuwenhuis, Rense (2022): No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women employment unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries 1985-2018. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2022,04), Uppsala, 36 S.
Abstract
"Comparative welfare state research has mostly examined the outcomes of active labour market policies and work-family reconciliation policies separately. As a result, potential complementarities between these policy areas have received scant attention empirically. Using macro-level data, this study answers the question to what extent, and in which way, governments' efforts in active labour market policies (ALMP) and in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are correlated with women's employment rates, women's unemployment and inactivity rates in 30 OECD countries from 1985 to 2018. The article theorizes about how the various policies that constitute a welfare state relate to each other, distinguishing between pluralism, complementarity and substitutability. I interpret the empirical findings as being consistent with welfare pluralism, in the sense that ALMP and ECEC policies work together in improving women's employment rates in slightly different ways: ALMP is associated with low female unemployment rates, whereas ECEC also is associated with lower inactivity rates for women. There was, however, more support for the notion of substitution rather than complementarity: the marginal benefits associated with an increase in either ALMP or ECEC were smaller in the context of large investments in the other policy. In other words, the highest rates of women's employment, and the lowest rates of unemployment and inactivity, are found in countries with large investments in both ALMP and ECEC, but such higher investments are associated with diminishing returns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of labour market institutions on income inequality: evidence from OECD countries (2021)
Zitatform
Fortuna, Natércia & António Neto (2021): The impact of labour market institutions on income inequality: evidence from OECD countries. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 28, H. 13, S. 1110-1113. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2020.1803474
Abstract
"Using data from 35 OECD countries for the 1993–2017 period, this paper shows that stronger Labour Market Institutions (LMI), such as trade unions and bargaining coverage, contribute to a decrease in income inequality measured by the Gini coefficient. Additionally, there seems to be a positive interaction effect between unions and bargaining coverage. The marginal impact of trade unions (bargaining coverage) is enhanced by the presence of high levels of bargaining coverage (trade unions). Notwithstanding, this impact seems to be higher for bargaining coverage. On average, an increase in unions’ density (bargaining coverage) by 1% leads to an estimated decrease in inequality by 0.30% (0.35%), ceteris paribus." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reducing unemployment? Examining the interplay between active labour market policies (2021)
Zitatform
Fredriksson, Daniel (2021): Reducing unemployment? Examining the interplay between active labour market policies. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1111/spol.12606
Abstract
"Active labour market policies (ALMP) are important tools that welfare states utilize to influence the labour market. This study analyses the macroeconomic effects of different types of ALMP spending on aggregate unemployment rates, and especially if there is evidence of interdependencies between policies. The types of policies scrutinized are public employment services (PES), training programs, public job creation and subsidized employment, where the PES is singled out as a crucial factor that moderates the effects of other types of labour market programs. The study examines 19 welfare states between 1985 and 2013, using error correction modelling to separate between short- and long-term effects. The results indicate that PES, training and subsidized employment reduce unemployment in the short-run, whereas PES and wage subsidies are associated with reduced unemployment when considering long-term effects. However, PES is found to have indirect effects on other policy types and increased spending on PES is shown to reinforce long-term effects of training programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The long game: Fiscal outlooks to 2060 underline need for structural reform (2021)
Guillemette, Yvan; Turner, David;Zitatform
Guillemette, Yvan & David Turner (2021): The long game: Fiscal outlooks to 2060 underline need for structural reform. (OECD economic policy papers 29), Paris, 44 S. DOI:10.1787/a112307e-en
Abstract
"This paper updates the long-term scenarios to 2060 last published in July 2018, with a special focus on fiscal sustainability and risks. In a baseline economic and fiscal scenario, trend real GDP growth for the OECD + G20 area declines from around 3% post-COVID to 1½ per cent in 2060, mainly due to a deceleration of large emerging-market economies. Meanwhile, secular trends such as population ageing and the rising relative price of services will keep adding pressure on government budgets. Without policy changes, maintaining current public service standards and benefits while keeping public debt ratios stable at current levels would increase fiscal pressure in the median OECD country by nearly 8 percentage points of GDP between 2021 and 2060, and much more in some countries. Policy scenarios show that reforms to labour market and retirement policies could help boost living standards and alleviate future fiscal pressures. An ambitious reform package combining labour market reforms to raise employment rates with reforms to eliminate early retirement pathways and keep effective retirement ages rising by two thirds of future gains in life expectancy could halve the projected increase in fiscal pressure in the median country, even after taking into account future spending pressures associated with ageing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Determinants of ins and outs of unemployment (2020)
Zitatform
Ductor, Lorenzo & Daryna Grechyna (2020): Determinants of ins and outs of unemployment. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 27, H. 11, S. 892-898. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2019.1646858
Abstract
"We estimate the robust determinants of the inflow rate into and outflow rate from unemployment in a sample of OECD countries, using Bayesian model averaging approach to overcome model uncertainty. We find that the main determinant of outflows from unemployment is expenditure on passive labour market policies, while the main determinant of inflows into the unemployment is the duration of benefit entitlement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Active labor market policies: Lessons from other countries for the United States (2019)
Bown, Chad P.; Freund, Caroline;Zitatform
Bown, Chad P. & Caroline Freund (2019): Active labor market policies. Lessons from other countries for the United States. (Working paper / Peterson Institute for International Economics 2019-02), Washington, DC, 12 S.
Abstract
"US labor force participation has been weak in recent decades, especially during the recovery of the financial crisis of 2007 - 09. This paper examines several programs that governments in other advanced industrial countries have established to help jobless workers continue to seek employment, not drop out of the labor force, and ultimately find jobs. These programs more actively support out-of-work citizens by facilitating matches between workers and firms, helping workers in their job searches, and sometimes creating jobs when none are available in the private sector. The evidence presented in this paper concludes that job placement services, training, wage subsidies, and other labor adjustment policies can be used to successfully help workers find employment and remain tied to the labor market. By contrast, direct job creation through public works projects and other government programs are less effective in helping workers over the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour-market institutions, (un)employment, wages, and growth: theory and data (2018)
Zitatform
Afonso, Óscar, Ana Maria Bandeira & Manuela Magalhães (2018): Labour-market institutions, (un)employment, wages, and growth. Theory and data. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 6, S. 613-633. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2017.1332748
Abstract
"We analyse the implications of labour-market institutions on wage inequality in favour of skilled labour, on relative unemployment of unskilled labour, and on the economic growth rate in two clusters resulting from 27 OECD countries: Cluster 1, closely related with the Anglo-Saxon model, and Cluster 2, dominated by the Continental-European model. By linking the unskilled wage to the skilled one in Cluster 2, due to the indexation of social benefits to per-capita income, we accommodate the observed paths of the three variables in both clusters between 1991 and 2008: Cluster 1 presents a higher wage inequality in favour of skilled labour, a lower unemployment of the unskilled labour, and a better economic growth rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics (2018)
Zitatform
Murtin, Fabrice & Jean-Marc Robin (2018): Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 3-19. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.025
Abstract
"We quantify the contribution of labor market reforms to unemployment dynamics in nine OECD countries (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, US). We estimate a dynamic stochastic search-matching model with heterogeneous workers and aggregate productivity shocks. The heterogeneous-worker mechanism proposed by Robin (2011) explains unemployment volatility by productivity shocks well in all countries. Placement and employment services, UI benefit reduction and product market deregulation are found to be the most prominent policy levers for unemployment reduction. Business cycle shocks and LMPs explain about the same share of unemployment volatility (except for Japan, Portugal and the US)." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The quantification of structural reforms (2018)
Égert, Balázs;Zitatform
Égert, Balázs (2018): The quantification of structural reforms. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1482), Paris, 39 S. DOI:10.1787/6d883be1-en
Abstract
"This paper summarises earlier OECD work aimed at quantifying the impact of structural reforms on economic outcomes. It overviews: i.) insights obtained for the linear relationships linking policies and economic outcomes (including multi-factor productivity, capital deepening and employment) for an almost complete set of OECD countries, ii.) non-linear results on how policies interact with each other in OECD countries, and iii.) results extended for emerging-market economies looking at whether policy effects vary across countries depending on the level of economic development and whether institutions have an influence on economic outcomes. The paper lists of policies and institutions that could be used to quantify the effect of reforms. It also gives some guidance on how to quantify reforms in OECD and non-OECD countries. It provides mid-point estimates of the long-run effects on per capita income levels through the three supply-side channels. Finally, it raises the issue of estimation and model uncertainty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment: Examples from active labour-market policy (2017)
Zitatform
Burgoon, Brian (2017): Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment. Examples from active labour-market policy. In: A. Hemerijck (Hrsg.) (2017): The uses of social investment, S. 161-173. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0014
Abstract
"This chapter explores the empirical challenges of understanding the socioeconomic implications of social investment welfare reform. Such understanding is crucial to gauging the pay-offs and pitfalls of social investment, but is also extremely difficult, given the complex character of social investment and its multiple and interacting consequences for work and well-being. Such complexity, the chapter contends, yields an unusually strong tension between relevance and rigour that dooms any dialogue among social scientists and practitioners with clashing methodological commitments. The present study argues in favour of a practical pluralism to facilitate such dialogue. This pluralism entails combining and comparing empirical work across the full spectrum of relevance and rigour. The chapter illustrates the problems and pluralist solutions with a combination of macro-country-year and macro-individual-year analysis of how active labour-market policies (ALMP) affect the poverty of vulnerable citizens." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Supporting jobseekers: how unemployment benefits can help unemployed workers and strengthen job creation (2015)
Zitatform
Ernst, Ekkehard (2015): Supporting jobseekers. How unemployment benefits can help unemployed workers and strengthen job creation. In: International social security review, Jg. 68, H. 3, S. 43-67. DOI:10.1111/issr.12079
Abstract
"Die rasante Zunahme der Arbeitslosigkeit seit 2008 aufgrund der globalen Finanzkrise hat dazu geführt, dass man sich wieder stärker dafür interessiert, wie sich gut gestaltete Arbeitslosenversicherungssysteme auf die Geschwindigkeit der Arbeitsmarkterholung und der Arbeitsplatzschaffung auswirken können. Anhand eines auf mikroökonomischen Prinzipien basierenden makroökonomischen Modells mit Daten aus einer neu eingerichteten Datenbank über Arbeitsmarktbewegungen werden im Artikel die Auswirkungen aktiver und passiver Arbeitsmarktausgaben auf das Beschäftigungswachstum und auf die öffentlichen Finanzen abgeschätzt. Gezeigt wird insbesondere, dass die Ausgaben für Arbeitslosenleistungen in einem durchschnittlichen G20-Land sowohl kurzfristig als auch langfristig zu einem Beschäftigungszuwachs führen, der über demjenigen von aktiven Arbeitsmarktmaßnahmen liegt. Außerdem wären die G20-Länder viel besser gefahren, wenn sie - anstatt ihre Haushaltsausgaben früh gering zu halten - eine weitere Verschlechterung ihrer öffentlichen Finanzen hingenommen hätten, um mehr für Sozialtransfers auszugeben und damit ein schnelleres Beschäftigungswachstum zu fördern, das auch für die Staatsfinanzen eine schnellere Erholung zur Folge gehabt hätte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The macroeconomic impact of policies on labour market outcomes in OECD countries: a reassessment (2015)
Gal, Peter; Theising, Adam;Zitatform
Gal, Peter & Adam Theising (2015): The macroeconomic impact of policies on labour market outcomes in OECD countries. A reassessment. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1271), Paris, 65 S. DOI:10.1787/5jrqc6t8ktjf-en
Abstract
"This paper presents a first set of updates and extensions of the large body of existing evidence about the aggregate labour market impact of structural policies, in the context of enhancing the OECD's supply-side framework for the quantification of reform packages. In line with previous findings, elements of the tax benefit system, activation policies and wage setting institutions are found to be robust policy determinants of the aggregate employment and unemployment rates. Looking beyond the overall employment impact, outcomes for vulnerable groups such as the low educated, the youth and the elderly tend to be more affected by certain structural policies, including specific measures targeted at them. Finally, more competition-friendly product market regulations are also found to impact aggregate employment rates positively and significantly, although less robustly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries: stylised facts and evidence on their effectiveness (2015)
Martin, John P.;Zitatform
Martin, John P. (2015): Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries. Stylised facts and evidence on their effectiveness. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 4, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1186/s40173-015-0032-y
Abstract
"Activation policies aimed at getting working-age people off benefits and into work have become a buzzword in labour market policies. Yet they are defined and implemented differently across OECD countries and their success rates vary too. The Great Recession has posed a severe stress test for these policies with some commentators arguing that they are at best 'fair weather' policies. This paper sheds light on these issues mainly via the lens of recent OECD research. It presents the stylized facts on how OECD countries have responded to the Great Recession in terms of ramping up their spending on active labour market policies (ALMPs), a key component in any activation strategy. It then reviews the macroeconomic evidence on the impact of ALMPs on employment and unemployment rates. This is followed by a review of the key lessons from recent OECD country reviews of activation policies. It concludes with a discussion of crucial unanswered questions about activation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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auch erschienen als: IZA policy paper , 84 -
Literaturhinweis
Labor market policy evaluation with ACE (2008)
Zitatform
Neugart, Michael (2008): Labor market policy evaluation with ACE. In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Jg. 67, H. 2, S. 418-430. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2006.12.006
Abstract
"the author develops an agent-based computational economics (ACE) model with which he evaluates the aggregate impact of labor market policies. The findings are that government-financed training measures increase the outflow rate from unemployment to employment. Although the overall effect is positive, this effect is achieved by reducing the outflow rate for those who do not receive subsidies. Furthermore, the outflow rate would have been downward-biased had one supposed a matching function that is exogenous to policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Active labour market policy, international organizations and domestic politics (2007)
Zitatform
Armingeon, Klaus (2007): Active labour market policy, international organizations and domestic politics. In: Journal of European Public Policy, Jg. 14, H. 6, S. 905-932. DOI:10.1080/13501760701497923
Abstract
"The paper deals with active labour market policies (ALMP) in 22 established democracies of the OECD country group, in the period from 1985 to 2002. It seeks to explain variations in policy effort. The focus is on international impacts on domestic policy developments. Since the mid-1990s, both the OECD and the EU have been strong proponents of activation measures. I argue that the impact of these international organizations is conditional on the fit of the proposed policies with path-dependent national policies and politics. The OECD may succeed in developing efficient policy proposals, but it fails at the level of implementation. EU recommendations covary with increased effort in ALMP, but it fails to develop efficient policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market reform in Germany: how to improve effectiveness (2006)
Wurzel, Eckhard;Zitatform
Wurzel, Eckhard (2006): Labour market reform in Germany. How to improve effectiveness. (OECD Economics Department working papers 512), Paris, 32 S. DOI:10.1787/430053878556
Abstract
"High levels of unemployment and rising social charges have lead to considerable pressure on labour markets to adjust. Major steps in labour market reform have been implemented over the last three years. These need to be followed up in several respects in order to raise the economy's capacity to generate employment. The present tax and transfer system still implies significant disincentives for labour supply of older people and spouses, which should be eliminated. Unemployment related benefits and active labour market policies can be better geared toward activating the unemployed, while institutional reform of the Public Employment Service should continue. On the labour demand side, there remains scope to raise the efficiency of Germany's employment protection system. Also, provisions should be made to allow for a higher degree of wage flexibility across qualifications and regions to fight unemployment. Regulatory conditions in other parts of the economy interact in important ways with labour market performance, underlining the need for a broad based reform approach. This Working Paper relates to the 2006 OECD Economic Survey of Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lessons learned: Internationale Evaluierungsergebnisse zu Wirkungen aktiver und aktivierender Arbeitsmarktpolitik (2005)
Zitatform
Konle-Seidl, Regina (2005): Lessons learned: Internationale Evaluierungsergebnisse zu Wirkungen aktiver und aktivierender Arbeitsmarktpolitik. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 09/2005), Nürnberg, 66 S.
Abstract
"In Deutschland wird jährlich rund ein Prozent der volkswirtschaftlichen Wertschöpfung (BIP) für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik (AAMP) ausgegeben, die im ursprünglichen Sinn eigentlich Investitionen darstellen sollten. Aus Ländern mit ähnlich hohen Ausgaben für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik - aber einer ausgeprägteren Evaluationskultur als hierzulande - gibt es Hinweise, dass trotz hohen Ressourcenaufwands das Ziel einer beschleunigten Reintegration von Arbeitslosen in Beschäftigung verfehlt wird. Der Überblick fasst Ergebnisse aktueller nationaler und internationaler Evaluationsstudien zu direkten und indirekten Effekten von AAMP auf die messbaren Zielgrößen individuelle Beschäftigungschancen und (sekundär) Einkommen zusammen. Dabei steht die Frage im Mittelpunkt, welche Instrumente/ Maßnahmen/Programme über Ländergrenzen hinweg als effektiv und als effizient (soweit Kosten einbezogen werden konnten) einzustufen sind. Während die Ergebnisse der Evaluierungsstudien ein überwiegend enttäuschendes Resultat hinsichtlich der Wirkung der 'klassischen' Instrumente der AAMP erbrachten, ist die empirische Evidenz der Wirksamkeit einer 'aktivierenden' Arbeitsmarktpolitik hoch. Die Einbeziehung von Anreizeffekten, die sich aus der Interaktion mit der Arbeitslosenunterstützung ergeben, hat einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf Erfolg bzw. Misserfolg einer Vielzahl von Maßnahmen. In Deutschland scheint man in den vergangenen Jahren die entsprechenden Lektionen ('Lessons learned') hinsichtlich der Eingrenzung negativer Anreizeffekte von Lohnersatzleistungen und der Begrenzung von negativen Voraus-, Neben- und Nachwirkungen von AAMP im Rahmen der Durchsetzung einer Politik des 'Forderns' gelernt zu haben. Offen bleibt die Frage nach einer wirksameren Ausgestaltung des 'Förderns'. Darauf aufbauend werden einige Überlegungen angestellt, wie Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland künftig wieder einen stärker investiven Charakter erhalten könnte. Damit AAMP zu nachhaltigen Investitionen in die Bildungs- und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit der Erwerbslosen und Erwerbstätigen führt, könnten beispielsweise Anreize zur Umwandlung von Arbeitslosengeldansprüchen in Bildungsgutscheine geschaffen werden. Damit könnte nicht nur eine stärker präventive Orientierung der AAMP erfolgen, sondern ein effektiverer (und u. U. auch effizienterer) Beitrag zur Behebung der Bildungsmisere in Deutschland geleistet werden, die nicht nur den Beschäftigungsbereich der niedrigen Qualifikationen betrifft, sondern durchgehend alle Qualifikationsstufen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
From unemployment to work (2005)
Zitatform
(2005): From unemployment to work. (Policy brief / OECD), 8 S.
Abstract
"All OECD governments recognise the need to provide income support for the unemployed. But how do they ensure that income support provides a cushion for a brief period to enable the person to find a new job, without becoming a permanent alternative to work? Cutting benefit levels would automatically increase the incentive to move from welfare to work, but it would not help people to find suitable employment and would aggravate social hardship for those who do not enter employment at all. Providing income support for jobseekers while at the same time strengthening their incentive to work is a puzzle that most OECD countries are still trying to solve. To resolve this puzzle, countries are using a combination of two methods. First, governments encourage jobseekers to become more active in their efforts to find work by providing job-search support, and by requiring contact with employment services as well as participation in programmes after a certain period of unemployment. ... Second, income supplements can be provided to low-income individuals who accept a job - so-called 'in-work benefits'." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Effective active labor market policies (2004)
Zitatform
Boone, Jan & Jan C. van Ours (2004): Effective active labor market policies. (IZA discussion paper 1335), Bonn, 40 S.
Abstract
"We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of different types of active labor market policies (ALMP). In our empirical analysis we use data on 20 OECD countries covering the time period 1985-1999. We find that labor market training is the most effective program to bring down unemployment. Public employment services have some impact while subsidized jobs are not effective at all. Our theory considers ALMP in the context of a search-matching model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Raus aus dem Dornröschenschlaf: Qualität und Wirksamkeit von Berufsberatung gewinnen international an Bedeutung (2004)
Schober, Karen;Zitatform
Schober, Karen (2004): Raus aus dem Dornröschenschlaf. Qualität und Wirksamkeit von Berufsberatung gewinnen international an Bedeutung. In: EURO Professional H. 59, S. 8-11.
Abstract
Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick Studien aus 36 Ländern, in deren Mittelpunkt die Qualität und Wirksamkeit der Bildungs- und Berufsberatung sowie deren gesetzlich-institutionelle und politische Fundierung stand. Initiiert von der OECD, der EU und der Weltbank sieht die Konzeption dieser Studien Bildungs- und Berufsberatung als eine auf Individuen ausgerichtete Dienstleistung, deren Wirkungen jedoch zugleich hohen gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Nutzen stiften. Es werden drei grundlegende Zieldimensionen der Beratungstätigkeit unterschieden: Lernziele, arbeitsmarktpolitische Ziele und Chancengleichheit. Eingebunden in eine Strategie des lebensbegleitenden Lernens fördert und unterstützt die Bildungs-, Berufs- und Laufbahnberatung folgende Faktoren: 1. Entwicklung und Erreichung individueller Lernziele; 2. Erhöhung der Effektivität und Effizienz im Bildungswesen; 3. Entwicklung und Erhalt von Beschäftigungsfähigkeit; 4. Ellokations- und Matchingprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt; 5. soziale Integration benachteiligter Gruppen. Weltweit gibt es vergleichbare Trends bei den Beratungsangeboten, wie z. B. die Durchführung der Beratung von privaten und gemeinnützigen Anbietern und die Schaffung von Mainstream-Angeboten für alle. Uneinheitlich stellen sich dagegen die Trends zur Professionalisierung bzw. Deprofessionalisierung dar. Die Autorin gibt abschließend Empfehlungen für die Weiterentwicklung der Beratungsdienstleistungen und für die Berufsberatungspolitik. So plädiert sie dafür, dass der Staat die Verantwortung dafür übernehmen muss, dass es ein für jedermann leicht zugängliches Beratungsangebot gibt, das definierten Qualitätsstandards entspricht. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Economic effects of continuous training (2003)
Zitatform
Bellmann, Lutz & Ute Leber (2003): Economic effects of continuous training. In: J. T. Addison & P. J. J. Welfens (Hrsg.) (2003): Labor markets and social security : issues and policy options in the U.S. and Europe, S. 345-365.
Abstract
Die Autoren untersuchen theoretisch, im OECD-Vergleich und für Deutschland, welche Bedeutung die Weiterbildung (sowohl betrieblich als auch öffentlich) für die Verteilung der Arbeitslosigkeit und der Löhne auf die verschiedenen Qualifikationsgruppen hat. Schließlich berichten sie über Analysen, die mit Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels die Auswirkungen von betrieblichen Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen auf die Produktivität untersucht haben. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Competition and efficiency in public funded services (2002)
Lundsgaard, Jens;Zitatform
Lundsgaard, Jens (2002): Competition and efficiency in public funded services. (OECD Economics Department working papers 331), Paris, 68 S. DOI:10.1787/282126010667
Abstract
"This paper reviews the extent to which OECD countries have opened the provision of publicly funded services to competition among public and private suppliers. The paper lays out an analytical framework identifying the inherent incentive and efficiency issues associated with the provision of publicly funded services and outlines how they may be addressed via performance-related funding, benchmarking, contracting-out by public agencies and voucher schemes which allow users to choose among suppliers while maintaining public funding. Also, the empirical literature on contracting-out of technical and support services and on school choice is reviewed. In compulsory education, the provision mode is relatively uniform across OECD countries with most students by far attending public schools. However, the involvement of private institutions increase with education level and orientation towards occupational skills, and in many countries funding arrangements for public institutions are being reformed like introducing per-student funding. In childcare and long-term care for elderly and disabled, tax-credits and cash-benefits for purchase of care are frequently used as an alternative to provision by public institutions. Sub-contracting of support services is common, but seems generally to be applied less in public administration than in business services. The overall picture that emerges is that OECD countries use quite different arrangements -- there is no 'one way' of providing publicly funded services." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Internationales Beschäftigungs-Ranking 2002 (2002)
Suntum, Ulrich van; Dorenkamp, Christian; Schlotböller, Dirk; Kröger, Martin; Wans, Sandra; Hütte, Andre; Saß, Uta;Zitatform
Suntum, Ulrich van & Dirk Schlotböller (2002): Internationales Beschäftigungs-Ranking 2002. Gütersloh: Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung, 56 S.
Abstract
"Wie wird Arbeitslosigkeit erfolgreich bekämpft? Welche wirtschaftspolitischen Kurskorrekturen sind nötig? Was können wir von anderen Ländern lernen? Das internationale Beschäftigungs-Ranking vergleicht die Fortschritte im Kampf gegen die Arbeitslosigkeit in den 21 wichtigsten Industrienationen:_-Positionierung der Länder in einer Rangliste auf Basis eines ökonometrischen Modells_-Identifikation erfolgreicher Instrumente_-Analysen vorbildlicher Strategien auf Basis neuester OECD-Daten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
What works and for whom: a review of OECD countries' experiences with active labour market policies (2001)
Martin, John P.; Grubb, David;Zitatform
Martin, John P. & David Grubb (2001): What works and for whom. A review of OECD countries' experiences with active labour market policies. (Office of Labour Market Policy Evaluation. Working paper 2001/14), Uppsala, 53 S.
Abstract
Die Autoren analysieren Finanzierung, Struktur und Erfolge aktiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik in OECD-Ländern in den Jahren 1985 bis 2000. Ihre Untersuchung basiert sowohl auf aktuellen Veröffentlichungen zur Effizienz aktiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik, als auch auf Länderstudien und OECD-Studien zur Wechselwirkung zwischen aktiver und passiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik und der Rolle staatlicher Arbeitsvermittlung. Sie kommen zu dem Schluss, dass trotz entmutigender Bilanzen einige Erfolge erzielt werden konnten. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf aktivierender Arbeitsmarktpolitik: Aktivierende Strategien in Kombination mit individueller Hilfestellung bei der Stellensuche bei gleichzeitigem Druck auf Arbeitslose, Stellenangebote anzunehmen, zeigen Erfolg in Hinblick auf die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit, auch wenn dies oft mit Lohneinbußen einhergeht. Außerdem werden mögliche Verdrängungseffekte aktiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik diskutiert. Der Rückgang struktureller Arbeitslosigkeit in vielen OECD-Ländern zeigt, dass diese Effekte mittelfristig keine Rolle spielen. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Internationales Beschäftigungs-Ranking 2000 (2000)
Kröger, Martin; Rottmann, Jörg; Suntum, Ulrich van; Schlotböller, Dirk;Zitatform
Kröger, Martin & Ulrich van Suntum (2000): Internationales Beschäftigungs-Ranking 2000. Gütersloh: Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung, 293 S.
Abstract
"Das internationale Beschäftigungs-Ranking vergleicht die Fortschritte im Kampf gegen die Arbeitslosigkeit in den 21 wichtigsten Industrienationen:
-Identifikation erfolgreicher Instrumente
-Analysen vorbildlicher Strategien auf Basis neuester OECD-Daten
-Darstellung der jüngsten Entwicklungen in der Wirtschafts-, Finanz-, Tarif- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
-Positionierung der Länder in einer Rangliste auf Basis eines ökonometrischen Modells." Bei den 21 Ländern handelt es sich um die EU-Länder ohne Luxemburg, USA, Japan, Schweiz, Australien, Neuseeland, Norwegen, und Kanada. Das Ranking, das die Jahre 1998 und 1999 berücksichtigt, wird von Japan, der Schweiz und Norwegen angeführt. (IAB2) -
Literaturhinweis
What works among active labour market policies: evidence from OECD countries' experiences (2000)
Martin, John P.;Zitatform
Martin, John P. (2000): What works among active labour market policies. Evidence from OECD countries' experiences. In: OECD economic studies H. 30, S. 79-113.
Abstract
Überblick über neuere Trends der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik in der OECD und Zusammenhänge zwischen aktiver und passiver Politik, sowie über einschlägige Evaluationsstudien. (IAB)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Grundlagenbeiträge
- Methoden und Datensatzbeschreibungen
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Typologie der Maßnahmen
- Institutionen der Arbeitsförderung
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Vermittlung und Beratung
- Prozessoptimierung
- Profiling und Case Management, Eingliederungsvereinbarung
- Unterstützung bei der Arbeitsuche
- Vermittlung durch Dritte
- Vermittlung von Beziehern von Bürgergeld, Sozialhilfe oder Arbeitslosengeld II
- Zusammenarbeit von Arbeits- und Sozialverwaltung
- Job-Center
- Personal-Service-Agentur
- Zeitarbeit
- (gemeinnützige) Arbeitnehmerüberlassung
- Vermittlungsgutscheine
- Berufsberatung
- Aus- und Weiterbildung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung
- Transfer- und Mobilitätsmaßnahmen
- berufliche Rehabilitation
- Lohnersatzleistungen / Einkommensunterstützung
- Altersteilzeit und Vorruhestand
- Sonstiges
- Typologie der Arbeitslosen
- besondere Personengruppen
- Geschlecht
- Geografischer Bezug
- Alter