Abstract

"Publication metadata The EU labor market policy (LMP) database collects information about government actions to help people with a disadvantage in the labor market, primarily by facilitating and supporting transitions from unemployment or inactivity into employment. This can take the form of financial support – such as unemployment benefits – or practical support ranging from basic guidance services to the provision of training, work experience and other actions aimed at improving a persons’ employability. It also includes incentives for employers to take on people from defined target groups. In the LMP database these actions are referred to as interventions. The LMP data are collected annually by a network of national delegates from administrative sources in each country on the basis of a comprehensive methodology1 that provides detailed guidelines on which interventions to cover; how to classify interventions by type of action; how to measure the expenditure associated with each intervention; and how to measure the number of participants. The LMP data serve to inform analysts and policy makers about the labor market policies offered in the EU Member States and Norway and provide an evidence base for further development of policy. LMP data are used in routine monitoring and benchmarking frameworks adopted by the European Commission to identify key trends and challenges across the EU Member States and in analysis supporting a range of European policy initiatives. This note presents an analysis of the latest available LMP statistics. Readers are recommended to refer to information on the characteristics of LMP statistics provided in Annex 1 to aid understanding of the data presented." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gökten, Meryem, Philipp Heimberger & Andreas Lichtenberger (2024): How Far from Full Employment? The European Unemployment Problem Revisited. (WIIW working paper 245), Wien, 44 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyses deviations from full employment in EU countries, compared with the US and the UK. We apply the Beveridge (full-employment-consistent) rate of unemployment (BECRU), derived from the unemployment-vacancies relationship. The BECRU is the level of unemployment that minimizes the non-productive use of labor. Based on a novel dataset for the period 1970-2022, we find full employment episodes in selected EU countries (Germany, Sweden, Austria, Finland) during the 1970s. The European unemployment problem emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, as Beveridgean full employment gaps increased. In the run-up to the global financial crisis, full employment gaps declined, then increased during the Great Recession. Slack in labor markets increased initially during the pandemic. Labour markets became tighter when recovering from the COVID-19 crisis, but few countries hit full employment. Panel regressions highlight that hysteresis, labor market institutions, structural factors, macroeconomic factors and political factors contribute to explaining full employment gaps." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Seghir, Majda (2024): The Evidence Gap in Labour Shortage Assessments. In: Intereconomics, Jg. 59, H. 3, S. 143-145. DOI:10.2478/ie-2024-0030

Abstract

"In November 2023, the European Commission unveiled a set of initiatives to address severe labor shortages. These included the creation of the European Union Talent Pool, an online platform designed to facilitate connections between employers in the EU and jobseekers from non-EU countries. This platform provides a repository of skills and facilitates international recruitment and legal migration procedures. These measures are intended to complement other efforts at the EU and national levels, including initiatives to re-skill and up-skill the existing workforce to meet the changing needs of employers. These efforts also include activating the inactive population and increasing intra-EU mobility. The formulation and implementation of such policies underscore a major concern of policymakers regarding the phenomenon of labor shortage within the EU. Concurrently, they raise crucial questions about the extent of evidence available to substantiate claims of labor shortages, the circumstances under which such shortages arise and the mechanisms that drive them." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Weber, Peter C. (2024): Das Monitoring von Beratung aus Europäischer und internationaler Perspektive - Impulse für die Diskussion in Deutschland? In: Newsletter / nfb H. 1, S. 15.

Abstract

"Der vorliegende Beitrag wirft einige Schlaglichter auf die internationale und spezifisch europäische Diskussion zum Thema Monitoring in der Beratung und zieht einige Schlussfolgerungen für Deutschland. Begleitend zu den in den letzten 25 Jahren lebhaft geführten fachpolitischen Diskussionen zum Auf- und Ausbau der lebensbegleitenden Beratung (im Feld Bildung, Beruf, Beschäftigung) wurde das Thema in verschiedenen Studien und Initiativen thematisiert und beschrieben. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die EU selbst kein auf Daten basierendes Monitoring etablieren kann oder will, sondern eher die Rolle hat, Aktivitäten auf der nationalen Ebene konzeptionell zu beschreiben und anzuregen. Der Beitrag geht kurz auf den Begriff des Monitorings und der Evaluation ein und differenziert verschiedene Gründe für die gestiegene Bedeutung von Monitoring-Aktivitäten. Daran anschließend werden zwei Modelle vorgestellt, die Indikatoren für das Monitoring beschreiben. Der dritte Teil geht auf Publikationen des CEDEFOP mit Beispielen für ein Monitoring ein und gibt Hinweise zu weiterführenden Quellen. Abschließend werden einige Schlussfolgerungen für die Diskussion und die Entwicklung eines Beratungsmonitorings in Deutschland zusammengefasst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Boonjubun, Chaitawat, Garima Singh & Minna van Gerven (2023): Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in Post-COVID-19 Labor Markets. EU-Level Report. (SocArXiv papers), 49 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/qehks

Abstract

"The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis that has caused far-reaching life consequences. The impact of COVID-19 and the measures that aimed to protect lives have triggered a social and economic crisis across the globe. This crisis calls for social scientists and researchers to study the shortcomings in social and economic preparedness and responses to the pandemic. The Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in the Post-COVID-19 Labor Markets project (the DEFEN-CE project), funded by the Directorate-General for Employment, the European Commission, aims to examine institutional strategies and power relations in social protection and policymaking and policy implementation to protect labor markets and workers by analysing the governance of vulnerable groups in (post) COVID-19 labour markets as well as to produce research-based knowledge and expertise on the protection of vulnerable groups at the EU level, in the EU Member States and in the candidate countries. This report emphasises the institutional strategies and power relations among social partners and stakeholders at the EU level and highlights key findings from country case studies. The research questions are threefold. 1) What public policy and social dialogue measures targeting the selected vulnerable groups were implemented for employment and social protection during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020–2022? 2) How and to what extent did social dialogue play a role in the implementation of the social and employment rights of selected vulnerable groups in the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022? 3) What lessons and opportunities does the COVID-19 pandemic provide for strengthening social dialogue at the EU level? DEFEN-CE employed a mixed-method approach combining both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The data are comprised of datasets, policy documents, scientific literature, existing statistical data, and semi-structured interviews. In this EU-level research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 respondents: representatives from the European Parliament, trade unions, non-governmental organisations, and a European federation organisation representing domestic employers. It is important to note that the research team invited representatives from the European Commission to participate in the interviews but received no reply. (See the list of respondents in the appendices). DEFEN-CE’s EU-level study aimed to contribute to social dialogue research and the theoretical understanding of vulnerability. Relevant concepts and approaches to deepen our understanding of vulnerability are employed as the foundation for identifying ‘vulnerable groups’ in connection to the labor market. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to identify the lessons learned by pinpointing crucial areas of policy development and implementation and necessary coordination mechanisms among social partners and by showcasing best practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dazzi, Davide & Daniela Freddi (2023): Remote working across the European Union before and in Covid-19 pandemic. (Quaderno DEM / Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di economia e management 2023,05), Ferrara, 44 S.

Abstract

"Policymakers, social parts, businesses, employees, media and citizens became familiar with a broad use of words such as remote working, teleworking, working from home, mobile worker, ICT-based worker. In this view, it is of crucial importance to define a general conceptual framework related to the terms referred to when a person works from a distance. The present paper delves into a taxonomy of the regulations and approaches to remote work within the EU. The results highlight that several characteristics of teleworking, positive and negative, were already known before the pandemic and they have substantially been confirmed by the massive shift occurred after the pandemic outbreak. As we saw in the report, no specific EU Directives were dedicated to remote working before Covid-19 even if many directives and EU regulations had indirect implications on it." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Garcia-Cabo, Joaquin, Anna Lipinska & Gaston Navarro (2023): Sectoral shocks, reallocation, and labor market policies. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 156. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104494

Abstract

"Unemployment insurance and wage subsidies are key tools to support labor markets in recessions. We develop a multisector search-and-matching model with on-the-job human capital accumulation to study labor market policy responses to sector-specific shocks. Our calibration accounts for structural differences in labor markets between the United States and the euro area, including a lower job-finding rate in the latter. We use the model to evaluate unemployment insurance and wage subsidy policies in recessions of different duration. After a temporary sector-specific shock, unemployment insurance improves reallocation toward productive sectors at the cost of initially higher unemployment and, thus, human capital destruction. By contrast, wage subsidies reduce unemployment and preserve human capital at the cost of limiting reallocation. In the United States, unemployment insurance is preferred to wage subsidies when it does not distort job creation for too long. In the euro area, wage subsidies are preferred, given the lower job-finding rate and reallocation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))

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Holzer, Harry J. (2023): Can Workforce Development Help Us Reach Full Employment? (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16624), Bonn, 24 S.

Abstract

"In this paper, I review the potential of workforce development programs to help the US get closer to "full employment." First, I provide some background on workforce development in the US, and also on the aggregate employment/labor force issues that workforce programs may or may not address. Then I review the empirical evidence on job training and other forms of workforce development, in terms of impacts on employment (as opposed to earnings). I briefly consider how the US experience in this regard compares and contrasts with that of other countries in the EU or OECD, and what we might learn from them. I conclude that more and better workforce development could help somewhat to achieve lower unemployment and higher labor force participation in the US, though we also need a range of other policies to achieve these goals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ignaszak, Marek, Philip Jung & Keith Kuester (2023): Federal Unemployment Reinsurance amid Local Labor-Market Policy. (CRC TR 224 discussion paper series / EPoS Collaborative Research Center Transregio 224 419), Bonn, 87 S.

Abstract

"Consider a union of atomistic member states. Idiosyncratic business-cycle shocks cause persistent differences in unemployment. Private cross-border risk-sharing is limited. A federal unemployment-based reinsurance scheme can provide transfers to member states in recession, which helps stabilize local unemployment. Limits to federal generosity arise because member states control local labor-market policies. Calibrating the economy to a stylized European Monetary Union, we find that moral hazard puts notable constraints on the effectiveness of federal reinsurance. This is so even if payouts are indexed to member states usual unemployment rate or if the federal level pays only in severe-enough recessions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Krings, Torben (2023): Von der negativen zur positiven Integration. Die Entwicklung der europäischen Arbeitsmarktpolitik am Beispiel der Reform der Entsenderichtlinie. In: SWS-Rundschau, Jg. 63, H. 2, S. 143-159.

Abstract

"Dieser Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit die 2018 beschlossene Reform der EU- Entsenderichtlinie für einen Richtungswechsel in der europäischen Arbeitsmarktpolitik steht. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass auf europäischer Ebene wieder vermehrt eine regulative Politik zustande kommt, die auf eine "Wiedereinbettung" von Marktkräften im Sinne der positiven Integration setzt. Entscheidend für das Zustandekommen der Reform waren die Rolle von "institutional entrepreneurs", Interessenkoalitionen auf inter- und supranationaler Ebene sowie ein gesellschaftspolitisches Klima, welches in Richtung Pro-Regulierung umgeschlagen ist. In dieser Hinsicht steht die reformierte Entsenderichtlinie ebenso wie die jüngst beschlossene EU-Mindestlohnrichtlinie für einen Paradigmenwechsel in der europäischen Beschäftigungspolitik, die sich stärker am sozialen Ausgleich im Binnenmarkt orientiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Marques, Marcelo, Lukas Graf & Judith Rohde-Liebenau (2023): Forming a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime – European intersectoral coordination in education and employment. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 7-8, S. 524-541. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2275780

Abstract

"While European governance of individual policy sectors has received considerable academic scrutiny, less attention has been paid to the development of intersectoral coordination. This paper charts the emergence of a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime (BSPR) in education and employment in Europe. By looking at issues, ideas, interests and institutions, we gain a deeper understanding of the conditions for the emergence and further institutionalisation of European intersectoral coordination in education and employment from the 1990s onwards. The study relies on semi-structured interviews with European policy-makers in education and employment and EU policy documents. We analyse how endogenous and exogenous factors frame (policy) issues that contribute to the emergence and further strengthening of intersectoral coordination, the extent to which ideas for European education and employment stress intersectoral policy designs, how interests support or hinder intersectoral work, and which institutions are developed with an intersectoral reasoning. We find that endogenous forces (rather than exogenous ones) played a significant role in the emergence of a European BSPR in education and employment. Structural aspects and policy instruments (institutions), alongside ideas and interests, then contribute to the institutionalisation of the European BSPR in education and employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Peters, Marjolein (2023): European Network of Public Employment Services: Trends in PES - Assessment Report on PES Capacity 2022. (Trends in PES / European Network of Public Employment Services 2022), Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 74 S. DOI:10.2767/908915

Abstract

"The report provides an overview of key trends in the development of PES, describing aspects of their capacity and the client services they offer. It is based on PES replies to the annual PES Capacity survey received from 32 PES in July and August 2022. This year, specific information was collected on the cooperation of PES with municipalities and how PES use outsourcing to work with other actors in the labour market ecosystem. Two more important additional topics this year are the impact of the pandemic (continuing from the 2021 report) and the support PES provide to jobseekers from Ukraine." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Theodoropoulos, Nikolaos & Georgios Voucharas (2023): Firm Closures and Labor Market Policies in Europe. Evidence from Retrospective Longitudinal Data. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1288), Essen, 35 S.

Abstract

"We examine the impact of active and passive labor market policies expenditures on the probability of re-employment, re-employment duration, unemployment duration, and re-employment wages in the case of job displacements due to firm closures. We use retrospective homogeneous longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and OECD data for 24 countries over the period 1985-2017 and we operate within alternative econometric frameworks. Our findings suggest that, in contrast to passive labor market policies, investing in active labor market policies increases the re-employment probability and the re-employment duration, reduces the risk of staying unemployed, and leads to higher wages at the lower end of the conditional wage distribution. Passive labor market policies estimates offset active labor market estimates and their interaction effect is always negative, but complementarities effects are found for Northern countries. By breaking down active and passive labor market policies into eight subcomponents, our results indicate that they have significant heterogeneous effects within and across labor market outcomes. Further, expenditures on labor market policies vary substantially across regions. For instance, active labor market policies have a stronger impact for Eastern countries, whereas passive labor market policies such as out-of-work income has a positive impact for Southern countries. Further, females are found to benefit more from active labor market policies in terms of re-employment probability, duration of re-employment, and risk of unemployment, but not in terms of wages, compared to males. Policymakers may consider the importance of implementing diverse reforms tailored to different countries and groups to enhance the effectiveness of labor market policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"The EU labor market policy (LMP) database collects information about government actions to help people with a disadvantage in the labor market, primarily by facilitating and supporting transitions from unemployment or inactivity into employment. This can take the form of financial support – such as unemployment benefits – or practical support ranging from basic guidance services to the provision of training, work experience and other actions aimed at improving a persons’ employability. It also includes incentives for employers to take on people from defined target groups. In the LMP database these actions are referred to as interventions. The LMP data are collected annually by a network of national delegates from administrative sources in each country on the basis of a comprehensive methodology that provides detailed guidelines on: which interventions to cover; how to classify interventions by type of action; how to measure the expenditure associated with each intervention; and how to measure the number of participants. The LMP data serve to inform analysts and policy makers about the labour market policies provided in the EU Member States and provide an evidence base for further development of policy. LMP data are used in routine monitoring and benchmarking frameworks adopted by the European Commission to identify key trends and challenges across the EU Member States and in analysis supporting a range of European policy initiatives. This note presents an analysis of the latest available LMP statistics. It includes an overview of the key data available for 2020 and an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the provision of LMP in the Member States. Readers are recommended to refer to information on the characteristics of LMP statistics provided in Annex 1 to aid understanding of the data presented." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"The EU labor market policy (LMP) database collects information about government actions to help people with a disadvantage in the labor market, primarily by facilitating and supporting transitions from unemployment or inactivity into employment. This can take the form of financial support – such as unemployment benefits – or practical support ranging from basic guidance services to the provision of training, work experience and other actions aimed at improving a persons’ employability. It also includes incentives for employers to take on people from defined target groups. In the LMP database these actions are referred to as interventions. The LMP data are collected annually from administrative sources in each country on the basis of a comprehensive methodology that provides detailed guidelines for the collection of data: which interventions to cover; how to classify interventions by type of action; how to measure the expenditure associated with each intervention; and how to measure the number of participants. The aim of collecting this data is to serve as tool for policy analysts and policy makers to gain a clear understanding of the labor market policies provided in the EU and facilitate well informed decision-making. LMP data is used both in routine monitoring and benchmarking frameworks employed by the European Commission to identify key trends and challenges across the EU Member States and in analysis supporting a range of European policy initiatives. This note presents an analysis of the latest available LMP statistics. It includes sections providing an overview of the key data available for 2019, analysis of LMP based indicators, and an examination of insights data on different type of intervention can provide for key EU policy initiatives. Readers are recommended to refer to information on the characteristics of LMP statistics provided in Annex 1 to aid understanding of the data presented." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2023): Annual report 2022 / European Network of Public Employment Services (PES). (Annual report … / European Network of Public Employment Services), Luxembourg, 25 S. DOI:10.2767/54453

Abstract

"The 2022 Work Program of the PES Network was designed to be implemented in a challenging context, whereby pre-existing labor market trends have been hastened by the COVID crisis. The actual context proved to be even more demanding. While unemployment remained at record low levels, labor shortages grew across many sectors. PES were furthermore called upon when millions of Ukrainians fled their country, and so far more than 4 million registrations for temporary protection1 have been recorded in the EU. In the wake of a potential recession, PES’ expectations for short term developments in employment and unemployment levels (as measured by the European Labor Market Barometer) have fallen consistently since May, to reach levels comparable to the height of the COVID 19 crisis. Overall, the Network was able to implement more than 20 activities in 2022, including some in addition to those planned, to support PES in helping displaced people from Ukraine." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2023): Labour market policy - Expenditure and participants: Data 2020. (Labor market policy - expenditure and participants), Brüssel, 223 S. DOI:10.2767/74692

Abstract

"This publication presents statistics on labor market policy (LMP) interventions implemented by EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom in 2020, together with time-series for key variables covering the period 2008-2020. The paper is divided in four chapters. Chapter 1 is introductory. Chapters 2 and 3 deal respectively with data on expenditure and participants in LMP interventions and include tables of indicators used for monitoring the EU Employment Guidelines. Chapter 4 includes tables of external and reference data that help to put the LMP data into context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2023): Quarterly Review of Employment and Social Developments in Europe (ESDE) - November 2023. (Employment and social developments in Europe : quarterly review), Luxembourg, 19 S.

Abstract

"ESDE quarterly reviews periodically provide an overview of recent social and labour market developments in the EU, accompanied by specific thematic analyses. The thematic part of this review focuses on the impact of demographic changes on labour market outcomes and the potential of pension reforms to counteract these projected trends. This is an important topic in the context of demographic change in the EU over the next decades and the corresponding impact on employment rate, economic dependency ratio and social security contributions. Looking at pension reforms, the thematic focus shows that increasing the statutory and effective retirement age can play an important role for addressing the impending challenges stemming from population ageing and decline. It can at least in part mitigate the impact of ageing on employment and economic dependency. Nevertheless, it is also highlighted that a more comprehensive approach encompassing broader labour market reforms may be required to ensure the financial stability of social security systems in the long term, given the projected increases of recipients paired with higher social security contributions per employed person." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2023): Joint Employment Report 2024. Commission proposal. (Joint employment report), Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 165 S. DOI:10.2767/17157

Abstract

"The Joint Employment Report (JER) by the European Commission and the Council monitors the employment situation in the Union and the implementation of the Employment Guidelines, in line with Article 148 of the TFEU. The report provides an annual overview of key employment and social developments in the Union and of Member States’ recent policy measures, in line with the Guidelines for the Employment Policies of the Member States. It also identifies related key priority areas for policy action. Chapter 1 of the report presents an overview of key employment and social trends and of progress made on the 2030 EU headline and national targets, as well as horizontal findings based on the principles of the Social Convergence Framework (SCF). Chapter 2 analyses challenges and policy responses in the Member States for each of the four employment guidelines. Chapter 3 provides country-specific analysis for all Member States in line with the principles of the SCF. Based on the Commission’s proposal, and following exchanges in the relevant Council advisory committees, the final text will be adopted by the Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs (EPSCO) Council. Addressing the challenges identified in the report will contribute to achieving upward social convergence, strengthen the Union’s drive towards fair green and digital transitions and contribute to facing demographic change, as well as the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and the implementation of the Union of Equality Strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"The European Commission broadly defines undeclared work as "any paid activities that are lawful as regards their nature, but not declared to public authorities”. Undeclared work has important economic and social implications, including the loss of social security contributions and taxes, but also higher incidence of work accidents, missed professional development opportunities for workers, unfair competition and market distortions for businesses, among others. The European Union (EU) has set a target of a 78% employment rate of the population aged 20 to 64 by 2030 (European Pillar of Social Rights). Tackling undeclared work can contribute to this target by creating more declared work. In this context, the European Commission launched this study to gather deeper insights into, and empirical evidence of, successful policies and policy combinations for tackling undeclared work. This study reviewed empirical evidence across the full range of direct and indirect policy measures, including their potential effectiveness in transforming undeclared work into declared work. The idea was to identify the most effective policies for reducing the volume of undeclared work and linked damages depending on the type of undeclared work, the target groups (drivers) and/or geographical specificities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Davern, Eamonn (2022): European Network of Public Employment Services: PES support to recovery. (Thematic Paper / European Network of Public Employment Services), Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 22 S. DOI:10.2767/847911

Abstract

"This paper provides an overview of the key questions and issues for Public Employment Services in determining how best to assist labour market recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. It draws upon existing promising practices and academic research, as well as the discussions held in a Thematic Review Workshop in the Network on 9-10 November 2021. Member States have introduced a wide range of measures to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 on employment. Despite these initiatives the longer-term challenges from structural labor market changes remain. The report highlights that to further succeed, PES need to learn from emergency measures applied during the crisis, identifying those which could be adopted for permanent use, consistently reviewing their institutional strength and corporate resilience. This will require agility with rapid responses to emerging trends, sufficient capacity, appropriate tools, and required competencies to support unemployed people through profound labour market changes. Liaison with partners will become increasingly important and need to be regularly reviewed to identify where new partnerships are needed. PES will need to support improved labor market function through promoting employment in growing sectors of the economy, particularly digital and green jobs, facilitating occupational and geographical mobility, including through training and upskilling, and supporting the agenda for longer working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2022): Employment and Social Developments in Europe - Quarterly Review October 2022. (Employment and social developments in Europe : quarterly review), Luxembourg, 23 S.

Abstract

"The October 2022 edition of the Employment and Social Developments Quarterly Review presents and discusses data that was mostly collected in the first half of 2022 and made available in the weeks ahead of publication of this review. The Russian unprovoked invasion of Ukraine that started on 24 February 2022 has caused immense human suffering, significantly disrupted global supply chains, and led to a dramatic rise of energy prices and an increase in inflation. This has caused an increase in the uncertainty for economic operators, worsening their expectations for future economic growth and employment. The thematic section of this review analyses the impact of rising prices on households in the EU." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"The European Union Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (EaSI) provides financial support to promote a high level of quality and sustainable employment, guarantee adequate and decent social protection, combat social exclusion and poverty, and improve working conditions across the EU. With a view to the regular monitoring of the programme, the EaSI Regulation foresees that ‘the Commission shall draw up an initial qualitative and quantitative monitoring reports covering consecutive two-year periods. This is the fourth EaSI Performance Monitoring Report presenting the results achieved by the programme in 2019-2020. It focuses on the products (outputs) delivered by the programme and the benefits they brought in 2019-2020. Over the period 2019 and 2020, the Commission committed more than EUR 255 million towards implementation of the programme’s activities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Learning opportunities that allow adults to up- and re-skill are vital components for economic growth and social equality. The Council Recommendation of 19 December 2016 on Upskilling Pathways (2016/C 484/01) aims to ensure that everyone in society has a comprehensive set of basic skills, knowledge, and competences to achieve their full potential, play an active part in society and progress on the labour market. The Recommendation sets out a three-step approach to offering low-skilled adults access to upskilling pathways, through a skills assessment, a tailored and flexible learning offer, and validation and recognition of skills and competences. This approach is underpinned by outreach, guidance and support measures for learners, as well as coordination between relevant actors in education, training, employment, and social policy. This study contributes to the evaluation staff working document of the European Commission. It outlines the change that has occurred between 2016 and 2021 with regards to upskilling pathways in Member States in response to the Recommendation. It then proceeds to assess the extent to which this response has been effective, efficient, relevant, in coherence with other EU and national policies and programmes and has delivered EU added value. On the basis of these findings, it draws key lessons learned." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2021): Labor market policy - Expenditure and participants: Data 2019. (Labur market policy - expenditure and participants), Brüssel, 208 S. DOI:10.2767/995509

Abstract

"This publication presents statistics on labor market policy (LMP) interventions implemented by EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom in 2019, together with time-series for key variables covering the period 2007-2019. The paper is divided in four chapters. Chapter 1 is introductory. Chapters 2 and 3 deal respectively with data on expenditure and participants in LMP interventions and include tables of indicators used for monitoring the EU Employment Guidelines. Chapter 4 includes tables of external and reference data that help to put the LMP data into context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2021): Joint Employment Report 2021. As adopted by the Council on 9 March 2021. (Joint employment report), Brüssel, 141 S.

Abstract

"The Joint Employment Report by the European Commission and the Council is mandated by Article 148 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Commission’s proposal for this report is part of the Autumn package. The Joint Employment Report provides an annual overview of key employment and social developments in the European Union as well as Member States’ reform actions, in line with the Guidelines for the Employment Policies of the Member States. The report follows the structure of the Guidelines: boosting the demand for labor (Guideline 5), enhancing labor supply and improving access to employment, skills and competences (Guideline 6), enhancing the functioning of labor markets and the effectiveness of social dialogue (Guideline 7), and promoting equal opportunities for all, fostering social inclusion and fighting poverty (Guideline 8). In addition, the Joint Employment Report monitors Member States’ performance in relation to the Social Scoreboard set up in the context of the European Pillar of Social Rights. The Pillar was proclaimed jointly by the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission on 17 November 2017. It identifies principles and rights in three areas: i) equal opportunities and access to the labor market, ii) fair working conditions, and iii) social protection and inclusion. Monitoring of progress in these areas is underpinned by a detailed analysis of the Social Scoreboard accompanying the Pillar. The Joint Employment Report is structured as follows: an introductory chapter (Chapter 1) reports on main labor market and social trends in the European Union, to set the scene. Chapter 2 presents the main results from the analysis of the social scoreboard associated with the European Pillar of Social Rights. Chapter 3 provides a detailed cross-country description of key indicators (including from the social scoreboard), looking at Member States’ performance, challenges and policies implemented to address the Guidelines for Employment Policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mašidlauskaitė, Rūta (2020): European Network of Public Employment Services: Ad hoc module to the 2018 PES capacity questionnaire. Survey-based Report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 45 S. DOI:10.2767/738258

Abstract

"Public Employment Services play a key role in the sustainable activation of disadvantaged groups, including the long-term unemployed. The Recommendation on the integration of the LTU into the labour market explicitly asked the European Network of Public Employment Services (PES Network) to contribute to the monitoring of its implementation. In response, in 2016, the PES Network designed and adopted a set of minimum, intermediate and advanced quality standards for implementing a SPOC and a JIA. These standards were used by the Employment Committee (EMCO) review on long-term unemployment in December 2016 and it is very likely that the LTU will continue to feature in the upcoming EMCO review in October 2018. Furthermore, as a part of the Benchlearning project, the PES Network amended a qualitative performance enabler to integrate data on the LTU into its qualitative assessments in 2018. This report summarises the recent developments in PES concerning the integration of the long-term unemployed back into the labour market, and it provides an overview of the effects of the Recommendation reported by PES. The report also provides information on common challenges faced by PES when implementing the Recommendation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2020): Labor market policy - Expenditure and participants: Data 2018. (Labor market policy - expenditure and participants), Brüssel, 203 S. DOI:10.2767/600364

Abstract

"This publication presents statistics on labor market policy (LMP) interventions implemented by EU Member States and Norway in 2018, together with time-series for key variables covering the period 2006-2018. The paper is divided in four chapters. Chapter 1 is introductory. Chapters 2 and 3 deal respectively with data on expenditure and participants in LMP interventions and include tables of indicators used for monitoring the EU Employment Guidelines. Chapter 4 includes tables of external and reference data that help to put the LMP data into context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"The European Union Program for Employment and Social Innovation (EaSI) provides financial support to promote a high level of quality and sustainable employment, guarantee adequate and decent social protection, combat social exclusion and poverty, and improve working conditions across the EU. With a view to the regular monitoring of the program, the EaSI Regulation foresees that ‘the Commission shall draw up initial qualitative and quantitative monitoring reports covering consecutive two-year periods.’ This is the third EaSI Performance Monitoring Report presenting the results achieved by the program in 2017-2018. It focuses on the products (outputs) delivered by the program and the benefits they brought in 2017-2018. In 2017 and 2018, the Commission committed more than EUR 257 million for the implementation of all the program’s activities. The implementation of EaSI Work Programmes in 2017 and 2018 was well in line with the EaSI Regulation. The following positive developments were noted in 2017-2018: EaSI-funded policy evidence remained sound and highly useful in the view of the stakeholders. EaSI-funded events continued providing much-appreciated platforms for effective and inclusive information sharing, mutual learning and dialogue in relevant policy fields. EU-funded support for social policy innovations gained more visibility; The use of the EURES Job Mobility Portal was rather uneven from one year to another, but the number of registered users increased. EURES remained a catalyst for effective recruitment and placing of workers, organized through cross-border partnerships and targeted mobility schemes. 2017-2018 marked a strong period for the Microfinance and Social Entrepreneurship axis. Microfinance support continued to provide real added value. In 2018, 27 contracts worth EUR 57.4 million were signed with microfinance intermediaries, which resulted in 47 684 microloans worth EUR 129.3 million (the leverage of 4.4 was achieved). EaSI support for social enterprises has taken momentum. In total, 949 social enterprises had received funding through the EaSI Social Entrepreneurship Window by the end of 2018." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2020): Joint Employment Report 2020. As adopted by the EPSCO Council on 8 April 2020. (Joint employment report), Brüssel, 133 S.

Abstract

"The Joint Employment Report (JER) by the European Commission and the Council is mandated by Article 148 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The initial proposal for this report by the European Commission is part of the Autumn package, which includes the Annual Sustainable Growth Strategy launching the European Semester cycle. The Joint Employment Report provides an annual overview of key employment and social developments in Europe as well as Member States' reform actions, in line with the Guidelines for the Employment Policies of the Member States. The reporting on these reforms follows the structure of the Guidelines: boosting demand for labor (Guideline 5), enhancing labour supply and improving access to employment, skills and competences (Guideline 6), enhancing the functioning of labour markets and the effectiveness of social dialogue (Guideline 7), and promoting equal opportunities for all, fostering social inclusion and combatting poverty (Guideline 8). In addition, the Joint Employment Report monitors Member States' performance in relation to the Social Scoreboard set up in the context of the European Pillar of Social Rights. The Pillar was proclaimed jointly by the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission on 17 November 2017. It identifies principles and rights in three areas: i) equal opportunities and access to the labor market, ii) fair working conditions, and iii) social protection and inclusion. Monitoring of progress in these areas is underpinned by a detailed analysis of the Social Scoreboard accompanying the Pillar. The Joint Employment Report is structured as follows: an introductory chapter (Chapter 1) reports on main labor market and social trends in the European Union, to set the scene. Chapter 2 presents the main results from the analysis of the social scoreboard associated with the European Pillar of Social Rights. Chapter 3 provides a detailed cross-country description of key indicators (including from the social scoreboard) and policies implemented by Member States to address the Guidelines for Employment Policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cronert, Axel (2019): Varieties of employment subsidy design: Theory and evidence from across Europe. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 48, H. 4, S. 839-859. DOI:10.1017/S0047279419000126

Abstract

"Employment subsidy programs have experienced considerable expansion across Europe in recent decades. To date, most studies analyzing this policy shift have assumed that these programs are largely equivalent in terms of their designs, effects, and explanations. In contrast, this article argues that employment subsidies are best understood as versatile multi-purpose tools that can be used as means to rather different distributional ends. Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis to explore novel data from hundreds of employment subsidy programs across Europe, this article develops a new typology based on two overarching trade-offs. The typology highlights that employment subsidies may be designed to counteract as well as to sustain insider/outsider divides in the labor market, and that they may be designed to tackle either structural or cyclical labor market problems. In a first empirical evaluation of the typology, programs with different designs are found to vary systematically in terms of distributional outcomes and starting conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Diermeier, Matthias & Judith Niehues (2019): Einschätzungen zur Arbeitslosigkeit. Unwissen befördert systemisches Misstrauen. In: IW-Trends, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 23-42. DOI:10.2373/1864-810X.19-02-03

Abstract

"Das Ausmaß an Arbeitslosigkeit wird deutlich überschätzt. Das geht aus einer Analyse von 23 europäischen Staaten auf Basis des European Social Survey 2016 hervor. Im Vergleich zur Arbeitslosenquote gemäß der International Labour Organization überschätzten die Deutschen die Arbeitslosigkeit im Jahr 2016 um mindestens 13,6 Prozentpunkte. Zwar fielen die Bewertungen im Zuge der zuletzt rückläufigen Arbeitslosigkeit etwas positiver aus. Gleichwohl vermuteten sowohl im Jahr 2008 als auch in 2016 rund 40 Prozent der Deutschen, die Arbeitslosenquote läge bei mindestens 20 Prozent. Auch in den meisten anderen Ländern hat die Überschätzung zwischen 2008 und 2016 zugenommen. Zwar bewegen sich die Bewertungen in Richtung der tatsächlichen Entwicklung, eine positive Dynamik wird allerdings meist zu wenig positiv, eine negative Dynamik hingegen noch negativer wahrgenommen. Je stärker die Bürger die Arbeitslosigkeit überschätzen, desto weniger vertrauen sie dem politischen System, der Demokratie, den Mitmenschen und supranationalen Institutionen wie der EU. Dies gilt ebenso bei Berücksichtigung des individuellen Bildungs- und Einkommensniveaus - und weitestgehend auch im europäischen Ländervergleich. Die Relevanz der Ergebnisse für die aktuelle politische Debatte zeigt sich in besonderem Maß in dem Zusammenhang zwischen Überschätzung der Arbeitslosigkeit und rechtspopulistischem Wahlverhalten. Vor allem in Westeuropa neigen Menschen mit einer pessimistischen Einschätzung der Arbeitslosigkeit eher rechtspopulistischen Parteien zu." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Meager, Nigel, Monica Andriescu, Andrea Broughton & Vicki Donlevy (2019): Study supporting the evaluation of Decision 573/2014/EU on enhanced cooperation between Public Employment Services (PES). Final Report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 83 S., Anhang. DOI:10.2767/21767

Abstract

"The European Public Employment Services Network (henceforth, the PES Network) was launched in September 2014, following Decision 573/2014/EU, with the overarching goal of contributing to Europe 2020 and the implementation of relevant EU policy initiatives, while also supporting PES performance across the EU. The overall objective of the study is to provide an independent evaluation of the extent to which the PES Network has, thus far, contributed to the achievement of the objectives set out in the Decision 573/2014/EU, and whether it has fulfilled its tasks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Morgan, Robson & Kelsey J. O'Connor (2019): Labor market policy and subjective well-being during the Great Recession. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 372), Maastricht, 32 S.

Abstract

"Average subjective well-being decreased in Europe during the Great Recession, primarily among people with less than a college education and people younger than retirement age. However, some countries fared better than others depending on their labor market policies. More generous unemployment support, which provided income replacement or programs to assist unemployed workers find jobs, mitigated the negative effects for most of the population, although not youth. In contrast, stricter employment protection legislation exacerbated the negative effects. We present further evidence that suggests the exacerbating effects of employment protection legislation are due to greater rigidities in the labor market, which in turn affect perceived future job prospects. Our analysis is based on two-stage least squares regressions using individual subjective wellbeing data obtained from Eurobarometer surveys and variation in labor market policy across 23 European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2019): Labor market policy - Expenditure and participants: Data 2017. (Labor market policy - expenditure and participants), Brüssel, 213 S. DOI:10.2767/516342

Abstract

"This publication presents statistics on labor market policy (LMP) interventions implemented by EU Member States and Norway in 2017, together with time-series for key variables covering the period 2005-2017. The paper is divided in four chapters. Chapter 1 is introductory. Chapters 2 and 3 deal respectively with data on expenditure and participants in LMP interventions and include tables of indicators used for monitoring the EU Employment Guidelines. Chapter 4 includes tables of external and reference data that help to put the LMP data into context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2019): Labor market policy - Expenditure and participants: Data 2016. (Labor market policy - expenditure and participants), Brüssel, 229 S. DOI:10.2767/1439

Abstract

"This publication presents statistics on labor market policy (LMP) interventions implemented by EU Member States and Norway in 2016, together with time-series for key variables covering the period 2004-2016. The paper is divided in four chapters. Chapter 1 is introductory. Chapters 2 and 3 deal respectively with data on expenditure and participants in LMP interventions and include tables of indicators used for monitoring the EU Employment Guidelines. Chapter 4 includes tables of external and reference data that help to put the LMP data into context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bonoli, Giuliano & Fabienne Liechti (2018): Good intentions and Matthew effects: Access biases in participation in active labour market policies. In: Journal of European Public Policy, Jg. 25, H. 6, S. 894-911. DOI:10.1080/13501763.2017.1401105

Abstract

"The objective of this contribution is to investigate whether active labour market policies manage to reach the most disadvantaged individuals or are subjected to Matthew effects in the shape of access biases. We investigate this question for two typically disadvantaged groups of unemployed people: the low-skilled and immigrants. Our analysis is based on a systematic review of 87 evaluations of active labour market policies (ALMPs) covering 14 different countries and a time period of 15 years (1998 - 2013). We use information on participants and non-participants to ascertain whether or not access biases are present in these programmes. Our results provide evidence that a Matthew effect is present only in some programmes and in conservative welfare states but not in the Nordic countries. Our conclusion is that policies are generally explicitly targeted on the most disadvantaged (good intentions) but other factors limit their participation (Matthew effects), something which explains the mixed pattern that we observe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Knörr, Marlene & Enzo Weber (2018): Employment policy cooperation at European level. Issues, instruments, processes, institutions, and policy advice. Nürnberg, 40 S.

Abstract

"In the past twenty years, supranational employment policy cooperation in the European Union has increased significantly. Whereas plenty of programs on numerous employment-related issues were established, cooperation between the member states predominantly occurs on a voluntary basis. Monitoring is conducted via instruments like peer reviews, benchmarking and mutual learning in the formal framework of the European Semester. With regard to designing and evaluating common activities, various EU institutions strongly rely on internal and external research-based policy advice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lehweß-Litzmann, René (2018): Is labour market policy heading for social investment in European countries? An analysis of spending trends between 2006 and 2015. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 333-362. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2018-0018

Abstract

"From a perspective of social investment, this article analyses monetary efforts made by European countries in terms of active and passive labour market policy (LMP) between 2006 and 2015. How did spending evolve under the double impression of the social investment discourse and the crisis after 2008? How does LMP now differ from what it was before the crisis? We find that there is no real trend towards social investment in the field of LMP in recent years. This Shows both in the relationship between passive and active spending and in the composition of active spending. In particular, training - crucial to a social investment approach - is further weakened in most countries' policy arrangements. Concerning levels of spending, it is shown that labour market policy gets fiscally more demanding on aggregate, while the amount of resources made available to the average individual job seeker shrinks. Spending on LMP also remains very unequal between European countries." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)

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Elert, Niklas, Magnus Henrekson & Mikael Stenkula (2017): Institutional reform for innovation and entrepreneurship. An agenda for Europe. (SpringerBriefs in economics), Cham: Springer London, 102 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-55092-3

Abstract

"The authors of this book advise the economies of the European Union to become more entrepreneurial in promoting innovation and economic growth. The authors propose a reform strategy with respect to several aspects to achieve this goal. Starting with the rule of law and the protection of property rights; the tax system; the authors deal with regulations governing savings, capital and finance, and the organization of labor markets and social insurance systems. Framework strategies related to the regulations governing goods and service markets, bankruptcy and insolvency are also put forward. A core understanding and future path is also provided towards R&D, commercialization and knowledge spillovers; human capital investments; and informal institutions." (Publisher information, © Springer) ((en))

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Vandenbroucke, Frank (2017): Structural convergence vs. systems competition. Limits to the diversity of labour market policies in the EMU. Fellowship initiative "Challenges to Integrated Markets". (European economy. Discussion paper 065), Brüssel, 41 S. DOI:10.2765/38194

Abstract

"This essay explores the question of whether successful monetary unions need to limit the diversity of its members' labour market policies and institutions.
DG ECFIN's Fellowship Initiative 2016-2017 'Challenges to integrated markets' culminates and comes to a successful conclusion with the publication of the fellows' contributed papers in our Discussion paper series. Against the background of increasing strains to economic integration at both the global and the European level, the Initiative has brought together a group of outstanding scholars to re-examine integration challenges at the current juncture and to explore the policy options to address these challenges in a discursive interaction process between the group of fellows and Commission services. The research themes of the fellows have spanned a broad area including topics in the political economy of globalisation and integration, issues of macroeconomic policy making at the zero lower interest rate bound, and market integration challenges not least in view of deepening EMU." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Das Programm für Beschäftigung und soziale Innovation (EaSI) der Europäischen Union stellt Fördermittel für die Schaffung hochwertiger und nachhaltiger Arbeitsplätze, die Gewährleistung eines angemessenen und menschenwürdigen Sozialschutzes, den Kampf gegen soziale Ausgrenzung und Armut sowie die Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen in ganze Europa bereit. Es besteht aus drei Achsen: - Die Progress-Achse finanziert vorwiegend die Erstellung von Faktengrundlagen, Maßnahmen zum Informationsaustausch und zum wechselseitigen Lernen, Modellprojekte der Sozialpolitik und den Kapazitätsaufbau europäischer und nationaler Organisationen, d. h. sie unterstützt die Entwicklung und Umsetzung politischer Strategien; - Die EURES-Achse finanziert den Aufbau einer transparenten und zugänglichen Stellendatenbank und fördert Dienstleistungen für Arbeitssuchende und Arbeitgeber, um die geografische Mobilität von Arbeitskräften innerhalb der EU zu verbessern; - Die Achse Mikrofinanzierung und soziales Unternehmertum stellt Finanzmittel für Finanzintermediäre bereit und verbessert die Kapazität relevanter Akteure, um den Zugang sozial schwacher Gruppen, Kleinstunternehmen und sozialer Unternehmen zu Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten zu verbessern. Das wichtigste bereichsübergreifende Ziel des Programms EaSI ist die Förderung innovativer Ansätze in der Sozialpolitik. Dieses Ziel wird in allen Achsen und Maßnahmen des Programms mit berücksichtigt. Außerdem ist ein wesentlicher Anteil der im Rahmen von EaSI bereitgestellten Finanzmittel auf dieses Ziel ausgerichtet, insbesondere durch die gezielte Förderung von sozialpolitische Innovationen und Modellprojekten. Diese Zusammenfassung stellt die wichtigsten Ergebnisse des zweiten EaSI-Monitoringberichts für die Jahre 2015 und 2016 vor. Dabei wird auch berücksichtigt, wie betroffene Akteure die durch das Programm geförderten Maßnahmen bewerten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Geus, Aart de, Eric Thode & Christiane Weidenfeld (2016): Europe reforms labour markets. Leaders' perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter, 387 S.

Abstract

"Labour market reforms have been on political agendas all over Europe in recent decades. Some succeeded, some failed, some were never tried. What made realising these reforms so difficult? What can we learn from the political leaders who were at the helm during these policymaking efforts? What is the best path to reform and - equally important - which factors must be considered along the way? This book examines labour market reforms in twelve diverse European countries, from the initial intentions to the final outcomes. It is based on interviews with twelve former prime minister, such as Tony Blair and Gerhard Schröder, who provide insights into their unique experiences carrying out the desired reforms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bredgaard, Thomas (2015): Evaluating What Works for Whom in Active Labour Market Policies. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 436-452. DOI:10.1177/138826271501700403

Abstract

"In order to make informed and legitimate decisions in labour market policies, European and national policy makers need better knowledge of what type of interventions works for whom. The European Commission and many Member States have high hopes that 'experimental evaluation' techniques (such as randomised controlled experiments, systematic meta-analysis and econometric outcome evaluations) will deliver solid and clear evidence to inform the development of more rational decision-making processes. This article reviews the evaluation literature on Active Labour Market Policy (ALMP) and examines what works for whom, under what circumstances. It assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the current drive towards 'experimental evaluation' and proposes an integrated framework for ALMP evaluation that combines 'experimental evaluation' with 'programme theory evaluations' and quantitative with qualitative data collection." (Author's abstract, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))

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Kröll, Martin (Hrsg.) (2015): Europäische Arbeitsmarktstrategien auf dem Prüfstand. (Bildung und Arbeitswelt 28), Berlin: LIT, 316 S.

Abstract

"Die europäische Gemeinschaft steht vor der Herausforderung zu klären, welche Arbeitsmarktstrategien sich vor dem Hintergrund der hohen Arbeitslosigkeit und der begrenzten finanziellen Mittel für die unterschiedlichen Zielgruppen als passend erweisen. Hierzu werden im ersten Teil dieses Buches verschiedene europäische Arbeitsmarktkonzepte und -situationen dargestellt. Daran anknüpfend werden Instrumente vorgestellt und diskutiert, die im Kontext der jeweiligen Arbeitsmarktstrategien aufgegriffen werden können. Im letzten Teil werden Praxisbeispiele dargestellt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bratu, Cristina, Stefano Lombardi, Margarida Rodrigues, Giulia Santangelo & Anna Shaleva (2014): Knowledge gaps in evaluating labour market and social inclusion policies. Use of counterfactual impact evaluation. (EUR. Scientific and Technical Research Reports 27287), Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 134 S. DOI:10.2788/083390

Abstract

"This report reviews evidence about the impact of labour market policies of the type funded by the European Social Fund (ESF). Two sources were considered: academic papers over the 2000-2013 publication period and reports produced within the ESF Expert Evaluation Network (ESF-EEN) in the 2007-2013 programming period. These sources were searched for evaluations implementing Counterfactual Impact Evaluation (CIE) methodologies; findings were classified in terms of policy intervention, country, target group, year of intervention and CIE method. A knowledge gap was defined as the absence of CIE for a specific combination of the factors used in the classification. The identified knowledge gaps were then discussed on the basis of three importance criteria. The resulting ordering implies different levels of priority in filling the corresponding knowledge gaps, in light of the EU 2014-2020 programming period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Hiring subsidies are an important measure, extensively used by Member States, to promote employment in disadvantaged-worker categories such as young and older people, the long-term unemployed and women. This review maps out the design of such subsidies, and identifies good and effective practices in targeting, funding, monitoring and integrating incentives with other policies. It is intended as a source of mutual learning and transfer of good practices between Member States." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2013): The politics of the new welfare state. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 316 S.

Abstract

"Since the early 1990s, European welfare states have undergone substantial changes, in terms of objectives, areas of intervention, and instruments. Traditional programmes, such as old age pensions have been curtailed throughout the continent, while new functions have been taken up. At present, welfare states are expected to help non-working people back into employment, to complement work income for the working poor, to reconcile work and family life, to promote gender equality, to support child development, and to provide social services for an ageing society. The welfare settlement that is emerging at the beginning of the 21st century is nonetheless very different in terms of functions and instruments from the one inherited from the last century. This book seeks to offer a better understanding of the new welfare settlement, and to analyze the factors that have shaped the recent transformation." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Inhaltsverzeichnis:
Giuliano Bonoli, David Natali: The Politics of the 'New' Welfare States: Analysing Reforms in Western Europe (3-17);
Jane Jenson: A New Politics for the Social Investment Perspective: Objectives, Instruments, and Areas of Intervention in Welfare Regimes (21-44);
Colin Crouch, Maarten Keune: The Governance of Economic Uncertainty: Beyond the 'New Social Risks' Analysis (45-67);
Anton Hemerijck: Stress-testing the New Welfare State (68-90);
Giuliano Bonoll: Blame Avoidance and Credit Claiming Revisited (93-110);
Silja Häusermann: The Politics of Old and New Social Policies (111-132);
Jochen Clasen, Daniel Clegg: Adapting Labour Market Policy to a Transformed Employment Structure: The Politics of 'Triple Integration' (135-157);
Ingela Naumann: Childcare Politics in the 'New' Welfare State: Class, Religion, and Gender in the Shaping of Political Agendas (158-181);
Bernhard Ebbinghaus: Europe's Transformations Towards a Renewed Pension System (182-205);
Johan B. Davidsson, Patrick Emmenegger: Insider-Outsider Dynamics and the Reform of Job Security Legislation (206-229);
Bruno Palier: Tuming Vice into Vice: How Bismarckian Welfare States have Gone from Unsustainability to Dualization (233-255);
Maurizio Ferrera: The New Spatial Politics of Welfare in the EU (256-283);
Giuliano Bonoli, David Natali: Multidimensional Transformations in the Early 21st Century Welfare States (287-306).

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Butschek, Sebastian & Thomas Walter (2013): What active labour market programmes work for immigrants in Europe? A meta-analysis of the evaluation literature. (ZEW discussion paper 2013-056), Mannheim, 27 S.

Abstract

"In vielen europäischen Ländern sind Immigranten eine benachteiligte Gruppe auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Sie sind häufig in Arbeitslosigkeit überrepräsentiert und in Beschäftigung unterrepräsentiert. Um die Beschäftigungschancen von Immigranten zu erhöhen, setzen europäische Regierungen auf vielfältige Maßnahmen der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Diese beinhalten Sprach- und Integrationskurse, Unterstützungsmaßnahmen bei der Jobsuche, Trainingsmaßnahmen sowie subventionierte Beschäftigung im öffentlichen und privaten Sektor. Eine wachsende Anzahl an empirischen Evaluationsstudien untersucht die Beschäftigungseffekte dieser arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen für Immigranten. Bisher ergibt sich daraus allerdings noch kein klares Bild, welche Maßnahmen für die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Immigranten förderlich sind und welche nicht. Um den politischen Entscheidungsträgern zu helfen, die Maßnahmen effizient einzusetzen, verdichten wir die Ergebnisse der vorhandenen Studien durch eine Meta-Analyse. Eine Meta-Analyse ermöglicht es zu identifizieren, in welchem Maße bestimmte Elemente der zugrunde liegenden Studien (z. B. die untersuchten Maßnahmen, die verwendeten Methoden und Daten) Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse haben, zu denen diese Studien gelangen. In unserer Analyse sind wir am Einfluss des untersuchten Maßnahmentyps auf die Beschäftigungschancen der teilnehmenden Immigranten interessiert. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nur der Einsatz von Lohnsubventionen im privaten Sektor als beschäftigungswirksam für Immigranten eingestuft werden kann. Die meisten Evaluationsstudien ermitteln für Lohnsubventionen positive Beschäftigungseffekte. Evaluationen von Trainingsmaßnahmen finden hingegen überwiegend insignifikante Effekte. Dasselbe gilt für Unterstützungsmaßnahmen bei der Jobsuche und subventionierte Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Sektor." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Ant, Marc, Andreas Hammer & Oded Löwenbein (Hrsg.) (2008): Nachhaltiger Mehrwert von Evaluation. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 271 S.

Abstract

"Dieser Sammelband untersucht am Beispiel der Evaluation der Arbeitsmarktprogramme 'EQUAL' und 'Perspektive 50plus', inwieweit die Evaluation einen Beitrag zur Nachhaltigkeit von politischen Programmen leisten kann. Zu Wort kommen Projektleiter, Politiker sowie Mitarbeiter der DeGEval (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Evaluation), aus Hochschulen und evaluierenden Institutionen. Dargestellt wird eine Momentaufnahme unterschiedlicher Erfahrungen und Argumente, die eine Basis für die Diskussion über die weitere Entwicklung und Professionalisierung von Evaluationen bildet." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Inhalt:
Vorwort: (11-13);
Michael Heister: Aktuelle Erfahrungen mit der Evaluation von EQUAL-Projekten in Deutschland (15-26);
Martin Weiland: Arbeitsförderung für Ältere - Perspektive 50plus (27-53);
Marc Ant: A framework for implementing evaluation and assessment strategies in social policy (55-71);
Hans-Peter Lorenzen: Evaluationsstandards und ihre Umsetzung (73-82);
Thomas Widmer: Qualitätsförderung und Qualitätssicherung mit Evaluationsstandards (83-100);
Thomas Fohgrub: Hält Evaluation was sie verspricht? - Erfahrungen aus EQUAL I (101-112);
Sabine Happel-Tominski: Die Erwartungen der Projektträger an die Evaluation (13-119);
Andreas Hammer: Perspektiven für die Evaluation in den Entwicklungspartnerschaften und Netzwerken (121-130);
Oded Löwenbein: Evaluation und Unternehmensberatung - Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede (131-143);
Margrit Stamm: Evaluation - wirksame Wege zur Nutzung - Wege zur wirksamen Nutzung (145-158);
Marc Ant: Die Dimensionen der Evaluation im Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement (159-169);
Barbara Wirth-Bauer: Gedanken der EQUAL-Programmevaluation zur Nachhaltigkeit (171-177);
Matthias Knuth: Erste Erfahrungen mit der Nachhaltigkeit bei Perspektive 50plus aus der Sicht der Programmevaluation (179-192);
Stefan Lob: Qualitätmanagement und Nachhaltigkeit am Beispiel von "Best Ager" (193-205);
Uwe Blien, Phan Thi Hong Van: Die regionale Evaluation von Maßnahmen der Arbeitsmarktpolitik (207-216);
Daniele C. Schröter: The logic and methodology of sustainability evaluation - a checklist approach (217-236);
Oded Löwenbein: Erfolge der Projektevaluation bei der Förderung der Nachhaltigkeit bei PFIFF und SilverStarS (237-246);
Sirkit Krone: Ansätze zur Förderung der Nachhaltigkeit bei "Best Ager" durch die Projektevaluation (247-256);
Andreas Hammer: Bedeutung der Netzwerkbildung bei EQUAL und Perspektive 50plus (257-267).