Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie auf Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland
Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt stehen seit der Ausbreitung des Coronavirus vor großen Herausforderungen. Zur Unterstützung von Beschäftigten und Unternehmen hatte der Bundestag im Eilverfahren u.a. einen leichteren Zugang zum Kurzarbeitergeld beschlossen. Dieses Themendossier stellt Einschätzungen aus Forschung und Politik zu den Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf den Arbeitsmarkt, die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und notwendige Maßnahmen in Deutschland zusammen.
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Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Soziales in Deutschland
- Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Maßnahmen
- Exit-Strategien zur Beendigung des Lockdowns
- Kurzarbeit - Regelungen und Inanspruchnahme während der Pandemie
- Homeoffice/mobiles Arbeiten
- Auswirkungen auf Betriebe
- Beschäftigung, Arbeitslosigkeit und Grundsicherung nach SGB II
- Einkommenseffekte
- Einzelne Berufe und Branchen
- Berufsausbildung/Lehrstellenmarkt
- Zukunftsszenarien: Wird die Wirtschaft nach Corona nachhaltiger?
- Soziale und gesundheitliche Aspekte
- Corona und Care
- Weiterbildung
- Konjunkturpaket zur Förderung der Wirtschaft
- Personengruppen
- Regionale Aspekte
- Internationale Arbeitsmärkte / Auswirkungen der Globalisierung
- Bundesländer
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsbedingungen vor, während und nach der Covid-19-Pandemie: Die Beschäftigungsqualität ist weitgehend stabil geblieben (2026)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Matthias Kelsch, Alexander Patzina & Felix Rahberger (2026): Arbeitsbedingungen vor, während und nach der Covid-19-Pandemie: Die Beschäftigungsqualität ist weitgehend stabil geblieben. (IAB-Kurzbericht 04/2026), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2604
Abstract
"Hat die Covid-19-Pandemie unsere Arbeitswelt nachhaltig verändert? Antworten auf diese zentrale Frage gibt eine eingehende Analyse der Entwicklung verschiedener Dimensionen der Beschäftigungsqualität während und nach der Pandemie. Die Autoren untersuchen in ihrer Studie Zufriedenheit mit dem Lohn, Arbeitsautonomie, Aufstiegschancen, Arbeitsbelastung und Work-Life-Balance. Neben einer umfassenden Betrachtung aller abhängig Beschäftigten liegt ein besonderes Augenmerk auf den sogenannten systemrelevanten Beschäftigten, deren Arbeitsbedingungen während der Pandemie häufig im Mittelpunkt öffentlicher Debatten standen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Veränderungen der Beschäftigungsqualität in fünf verschiedenen Dimensionen während und nach der Covid-19-Pandemie im Vergleich zu den Jahren vor der Pandemie
- Dimensionen der Beschäftigungsqualität vor Beginn der Pandemie
- Dimensionen der Beschäftigungsqualität
- Veränderungen in objektiven Maßen der Beschäftigungsqualität während und nach der Covid-19-Pandemie im Vergleich zu den Jahren vor der Pandemie
- Veränderungen in der Work-Life-Balance nach Teilgruppen während und nach der Covid-19-Pandemie im Vergleich zu den Jahren vor der Pandemie
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment and Prosocial Engagement: Behavior Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2026)
Zitatform
Lee, Hwiyoung P., Daniel Choi, Ram A. Cnaan & Femida Handy (2026): Unemployment and Prosocial Engagement: Behavior Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 698-724. DOI:10.1177/08997640251348416
Abstract
"Successive social shocks have reinforced unemployment as a persistent issue, yet its impact on prosocial engagement remains underexplored. This study examines the relationship between job loss and prosocial behaviors, specifically volunteering and donating participation, hypothesizing that short-term unemployment acts as a negative personal shock with heterogeneous effects depending on individuals’ economic resources. Using nationally representative survey data from the United States collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, we employ propensity score weighting enhanced by a machine learning approach to address potential confounders. Our findings indicate that unemployment is associated with reduced formal volunteering participation among lower-income individuals and decreased participation in donating among higher-income individuals. However, we find no significant relationship between unemployment and informal volunteering. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that conventional methods, which fail to adequately control for confounders, tend to underestimate the negative impact of unemployment on prosocial behaviors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Estimating the effect of working from home on parents' division of childcare and housework: A new panel IV approach (2026)
Zitatform
Schüller, Simone (2026): Estimating the effect of working from home on parents' division of childcare and housework: A new panel IV approach. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 99. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2026.102866
Abstract
"This study investigates whether (and how) working from home (WFH) affects the gender division of parental unpaid labor. I use the recent COVID-19 pandemic that brought an unanticipated yet lasting shift to WFH, combined with a measure of occupational WFH feasibility (Alipour et al. 2023) as a quasi-experiment to employ an instrumental variable (IV) approach and estimate causal effects. I use unique longitudinal data from the “Growing up in Germany” (AID:A) panel study, which administered a pre-pandemicwave in 2019, and a post-pandemic wave in 2023. AID:A contains rich information on mothers’ and fathers’ time use for work, commuting, childcare, and housework. I find that the most robust effects emerge for frequent (at least once a week) paternal WFH on parental division of housework: families in which fathers start weekly WFH in the period 2019 to 2023—due to their occupational WFH capacity in combination with the pandemic WFH-boost—experience a significant decrease in the maternal share of housework. Interestingly, this shift appears to be mainly driven by a reduction of maternal time use for housework (combined with an increase in her work hours) and less by an increase in paternal time use for housework, suggesting cross-parent effects of WFH. Further analysis confirms changes in paternal gender role attitudes as a plausible mechanism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Instrumente der Arbeitsmarkt- und Wirtschaftspolitik während der Corona-Pandemie - Krisenmanagement und Verbesserungspotenziale: Stellungnahme des IAB anlässlich einer Arbeitsgruppensitzung der Enquete-Kommission „Aufarbeitung der Corona-Pandemie und Lehren für zukünftige pandemische Ereignisse“ des Deutschen Bundestags am 26.2.2026 (2026)
Zitatform
Walwei, Ulrich (2026): Instrumente der Arbeitsmarkt- und Wirtschaftspolitik während der Corona-Pandemie - Krisenmanagement und Verbesserungspotenziale. Stellungnahme des IAB anlässlich einer Arbeitsgruppensitzung der Enquete-Kommission „Aufarbeitung der Corona-Pandemie und Lehren für zukünftige pandemische Ereignisse“ des Deutschen Bundestags am 26.2.2026. (IAB-Stellungnahme 05/2026), Nürnberg, 10 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.SN.2605
Abstract
"Anlässlich eines nichtöffentlichen Fachgesprächs der Enquete-Kommission „Aufarbeitung der Corona-Pandemie und Lehren für zukünftige pandemische Ereignisse“ des Deutschen Bundestags hat das IAB die folgende Stellungnahme im Rahmen der Arbeitsgruppe „Wirtschaft und Arbeit, Wirtschaftshilfen, Versorgung und Verfügbarkeiten“ abgegeben. Neben der insgesamt positiven Einschätzung des Kriseninstrumentariums werden aus den Erkenntnissen der Wirkungsforschung zum staatlichen Krisenmanagement Verbesserungspotenziale für die Bewältigung künftiger Krisen dieser Art generiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Supporting men as fathers: the value of a UK community dads’ project during the COVID-19 pandemic (2025)
Zitatform
Blackwell, Ian & Rebecca Carter Dillon (2025): Supporting men as fathers: the value of a UK community dads’ project during the COVID-19 pandemic. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2575164
Abstract
"This paper presents a study of a community dads’ project during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were gathered via a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and by attending eleven on-line Conversation Cafés. Men described how the project supported and affirmed their fathering practices as they were able to speak with other father figures about their challenges, to celebrate the rewards of parenting, and to socialise with others. Participants described how their confidence was enhanced and their identity as a father was validated through successful solo parenting activities, opportunities to bond with their child, by creating shared memories, and by being playful and physically active. While the community dads’ project offered welcoming and inclusive spaces for father figures to interact with their children and other dads, we note how these ‘dads only’ settings can be locations where mothers can be ‘othered’ as fretful and fussy by some individuals. While highlighting the need to be alert to the potential for such initiatives to become spaces for problematic counter-identification with the maternal, this research concludes that non-judgemental, community-based initiatives can nurture and strengthen father–child relationships, promote caring masculinities, fortify progressive fathering identities and encourage peer validation amongst fathers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The gendered division of housework in times of Covid-19: the role of essential worker status and work location (2025)
Zitatform
Piolatto, Matteo, Marija Bashevska, Olga Leshchenko, Chantal Remery & Susanne Strauss (2025): The gendered division of housework in times of Covid-19: the role of essential worker status and work location. In: Journal of family studies, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13229400.2025.2526468
Abstract
"The question whether the measures taken to curb the spread of Covid-19 exacerbated or reduced gender inequality with respect to the division of housework and childcare has initiated a large number of studies. This study adds to this field by investigating the role of an until now underexposed yet important element in the literature on the pandemic, which is the assignment of an essential worker status for one or two partners of a couple. Drawing on resource theory, we formulate different hypotheses on how an essential worker status impacts the gendered division of housework during the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic in dual-earner opposite-sex couples. In addition, as essential work was often, but not always done on-site, we use the time availability perspective to formulate hypotheses on how the impact of being assigned the essential work status interacts with remote-work. We investigate these research questions in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands using household longitudinal panel data from UKHLS and COGIS-LISS, applying panel fixed effects models. The results suggest that having an essential occupation is a resource for women but not men to renegotiate the division of housework. This is particularly the case when one or both partners can work from home." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Arbeitsmarktsituation von Frauen und Männern 2024 (2025)
Singer, Kirsten; Deyerler, Yvonne;Zitatform
Singer, Kirsten & Yvonne Deyerler (2025): Die Arbeitsmarktsituation von Frauen und Männern 2024. (Berichte: Blickpunkt Arbeitsmarkt / Bundesagentur für Arbeit), Nürnberg, 26 S.
Abstract
"In den vergangenen 10 Jahren gab es in Deutschland deutliche Anstiege bei der Erwerbsbeteiligung. Nur in wenigen anderen europäischen Ländern war diese 2024 sowohl insgesamt, als auch insbesondere bei Frauen, so ausgeprägt. Frauen und Männer sind in sehr unterschiedlichem Maße in den verschiedenen Formen der Erwerbstätigkeit vertreten: Während das Geschlechterverhältnis bei Männern und Frauen in der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung und im Beamtenstatus relativ ausgeglichen ist, werden rund drei Fünftel der Minijobs von Frauen ausgeübt. Männer hingegen entscheiden sich mit zwei Dritteln deutlich häufiger für die Selbständigkeit als Frauen. Im Laufe der letzten 10 Jahre stieg die sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung bei beiden Geschlechtern, bei Frauen relativ gesehen etwas stärker. Die sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung ist 2024 im Vergleich zum Vorjahr bei den 15- bis unter 65- Jährigen ausschließlich bei Frauen gestiegen, bei Männern leicht gesunken. Frauen sind überproportional im tertiären Sektor, Männer häufiger im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe, dem Bereich Verkehr und Logistik sowie im Baugewerbe beschäftigt. Daher sind in konjunkturellen Schwächephasen typischerweise vorrangig Männer vom Arbeitsplatzabbau betroffen, weil häufig industrielle Arbeitsplätze leiden. Jedoch haben Männer auch bessere Chancen, Arbeitslosigkeit durch die Aufnahme einer Beschäftigung zu überwinden. Im Jahr 2024 erreichte die Teilzeitbeschäftigung bei Männern und Frauen einen neuen Höchststand. Bei Frauen ist diese Beschäftigungsform nach wie vor weiter verbreitet. Männer erzielen im Mittel nach wie vor ein höheres monatliches Bruttoarbeitsentgelt als Frauen, was vielfältige Gründe wie u.a. die Berufswahl, die Wahrnehmung von Familienpflichten oder die Rahmenbedingungen für eine vertikale berufliche Weiterentwicklung hat. Der Gender Pay Gap schmilzt, jedoch nur in kleinen Schritten. Frauen üben – auch beigleicher Qualifikation – seltener eine Führungsposition aus. Die Arbeitslosenquote der Frauen liegt seit 2009, wenn auch teils sehr knapp, unter der Quote der Männer. 2024 stieg sie bei beiden Geschlechtern zum zweiten Mal in Folge. Arbeitslose Frauen und Männer sind mit jeweils einem Drittel etwa in gleichem Maße von Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit betroffen. Frauen stehen erheblich häufiger als Männer vor der Herausforderung, neben der Arbeitsuche allein für die Erziehung eines oder mehrerer Kinder verantwortlich zu sein. Das SGB III sieht die Beteiligung von Frauen an der arbeitsmarktpolitischen Förderung gemäß ihrem Anteil an den Arbeitslosen und ihrer relativen Betroffenheit von Arbeitslosigkeit vor. In der Umsetzung sind spürbare Unterschiede zwischen den Rechtskreisen erkennbar." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Link zur aktuellen Version, ältere Fassungen online nicht mehr verfügbar. -
Literaturhinweis
Lessons from the pandemic: Gender inequality in childcare and the emergence of a gender mental health gap among parents in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Hiekel, Nicole & Mine Kühn (2024): Lessons from the pandemic: Gender inequality in childcare and the emergence of a gender mental health gap among parents in Germany. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 51, S. 49-80. DOI:10.4054/demres.2024.51.3
Abstract
"Background: The gender gap in mental health that emerged in Germany during the pandemic grew disproportionally among partnered parents. The question arises as to why mothers – compared to fathers – experienced greater declines in mental health when guiding their families through the pandemic. Objective: This study investigates how changes in childcare arrangements affected parental mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Methods: The German Family Panel is based on a random probability sample from which we selected n = 803 partnered mothers and fathers interviewed before (2018–2019) and after (2020) the onset of the pandemic. We ran change score regression models to examine (1) whether changes in gender inequality in childcare arrangements predict within-changes in mental health among mothers and fathers, and (2) whether gender role attitudes moderate this association. Results: Systematic mental health differences can be pinpointed at the intersection of gender inequality in childcare and gender role attitudes. Women in stable female childcare arrangements in which the mother did relatively more childcare and women who transitioned from non-female to female childcare arrangements experienced the largest mental health declines. This association was particularly salient among women with egalitarian attitudes. Men in these childcare arrangements either experienced no change or even improvement in certain mental health dimensions. By contrast, sharing childcare was mentally beneficial for both mothers and fathers in this global health crisis. Conclusions: Gender inequality in childcare is a risk factor for women’s health, particularly during times of shifting patterns in employment and childcare arrangements. Contribution: Taking lessons from the pandemic, policymakers should acknowledge the disproportionate burden that mothers carry when institutional childcare and schooling are unreliable. Accordingly, the unfolding childcare crises in Germany and beyond need to be tackled from a gender-sensitive perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Well-Being throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Gendered Effects of Daycare and School Closures (2024)
Zitatform
Huebener, Mathias, Sevrin Waights & C. Katharina Spieß (2024): Well-Being throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Gendered Effects of Daycare and School Closures. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16907), Bonn, 22 S.
Abstract
"In this chapter, we aim to improve the understanding of the well-being impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide an overview of the existing literature and carry out empirical analysis aimed at addressing certain gaps in the knowledge. Specifically, we examine the evolution of parental well-being over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and relate changes to the severity of restrictions on school and daycare facilities. Our analysis makes use of unique data from the COMPASS survey collected at 17 different point throughout the pandemic in Germany. We find that there is a large difference in retrospective stress-feelings between women and men that is present only for individuals living with children under the age of 12. We also show that the size of the gender gap in life satisfaction fluctuates over time in a way that is related to severity of restrictions to daycare and school operation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Cracking Under Pressure? Gender Role Attitudes Toward Maternal Employment During COVID-19 in Germany (2024)
Huebener, Mathias ; Pape, Astrid ; Danzer, Natalia ; Wagner, Gert G. ; Spieß, C. Katharina ; Schober, Pia ;Zitatform
Huebener, Mathias, Natalia Danzer, Astrid Pape, Pia Schober, C. Katharina Spieß & Gert G. Wagner (2024): Cracking Under Pressure? Gender Role Attitudes Toward Maternal Employment During COVID-19 in Germany. In: Feminist economics, Jg. 30, H. 3, S. 217-254. DOI:10.1080/13545701.2024.2349295
Abstract
"The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to gender equality, particularly affecting working parents due to disruptions in daycare and school operations. It also impacted labor market opportunities for both men and women. This study investigates shifts in gender role attitudes toward maternal employment in Germany during pandemic lockdowns and subsequent periods of eased restrictions, using combined data from 2008 to early 2022. During the lockdown in early 2021, the study documents a significant decline in egalitarian attitudes, especially for men with dependent children and women without dependent children in the household. The results are discussed and interpreted against the background of various theoretical approaches. During periods of eased restrictions in early 2022, the trend reversed, and gender role attitudes recovered significantly for the same groups. The findings imply that pandemic-related changes in gender role attitudes toward maternal employment were largely transitory. HIGHLIGHTSGender role attitudes became less egalitarian during the 2021 COVID-19 lockdown in Germany.When restrictions lifted, egalitarian gender role attitudes returned, indicating the changes were largely transitory.Mothers of dependent children, who shouldered most of the additional care burden, demonstrated remarkable stability in views on gender roles.Norm-setting, social diffusion, cognitive dissonance, and defense of a cultural worldview explain variance by gender and presence of children in the household.Public support for maternal employment and childcare infrastructure is important for shaping societal norms. Gender role attitudes became less egalitarian during the 2021 COVID-19 lockdown in Germany. When restrictions lifted, egalitarian gender role attitudes returned, indicating the changes were largely transitory. Mothers of dependent children, who shouldered most of the additional care burden, demonstrated remarkable stability in views on gender roles. Norm-setting, social diffusion, cognitive dissonance, and defense of a cultural worldview explain variance by gender and presence of children in the household. Public support for maternal employment and childcare infrastructure is important for shaping societal norms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Care Gap in Deutschland: Kein anhaltender Anstieg infolge der Corona-Pandemie (2024)
Zitatform
Jessen, Jonas, Lavinia Kinne & Katharina Wrohlich (2024): Gender Care Gap in Deutschland: Kein anhaltender Anstieg infolge der Corona-Pandemie. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 91, H. 9, S. 123-131. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2024-9-1
Abstract
"Studie untersucht auf Basis des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels pairfam Aufteilung von Sorgearbeit bei Paaren während und rund um Corona-Pandemie. Zu Pandemiebeginn wurde Retraditionalisierung befürchtet – tatsächlich kümmerten sich zunächst öfter (fast) ausschließlich Mütter um Kinder und Haushalt. Neueste Daten zeigen aber, dass sich Gender Care Gap inzwischen wieder auf Vorpandemieniveau zurückbewegt hat. Unterschiede in Aufteilung von Sorgearbeit in Deutschland aber weiterhin sehr hoch, auch im internationalen Vergleich. Anreize für gleichere Aufteilung zwischen Männern und Frauen sollten gestärkt werden, etwa durch mehr Partnermonate beim Elterngeld sowie Reform von Ehegattensplitting und Minijobs." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Work from Home and Perceptions of Career Prospects of Employees with Children (2024)
Zitatform
Kurowska, Anna & Agnieszka Kasperska (2024): Work from Home and Perceptions of Career Prospects of Employees with Children. (Working papers / Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw 2024-08), Warsaw, 39 S.
Abstract
"This study explores how various work and family-related contexts moderated the link between work-from-home (WFH) and self-perceived changes to the career prospects among employees with children after over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that the link between WFH and the perception of changes to one's career prospects is likely to differ depending on gender, occupation, whether the employee has worked from home before the pandemic, how much time their children spent at home due to pandemic restrictions and the cohabiting status of the parent. We conducted fixed effects multinomial regression models using a unique multi-country dataset, including representative samples of parents with dependent children from Canada, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and the US. Employees with children who had prior experience with WFH before the pandemic were more likely to report improved career prospects than those who worked solely in the office. The positive effect of WFH for newcomers to the world of remote work was less unequivocal and varied based on occupation and gender. We also find that the presence of children at home and the cohabitation status substantially moderate the link between WFH and perceived changes to one's career prospects, with different implications based on the employee's gender. We fill the research gap by showing how fluid workers' perceptions of career prospects depend on varying professional (prior experience with WFH and occupation) and personal (increased family demands) situations. This study also indicates the need for context-sensitive career management in organisations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When the Burden Lifts: The Effect of School and Day Care Reopenings on Parents' Life Satisfaction (2024)
Zitatform
Tobler, Lina, Bernhard Christoph, Lukas Fervers & Marita Jacob (2024): When the Burden Lifts: The Effect of School and Day Care Reopenings on Parents' Life Satisfaction. In: Journal of happiness studies, Jg. 26, 2024-09-15. DOI:10.1007/s10902-024-00819-7
Abstract
"The availability of childcare services eases parents’ daily lives and research has shown that it positively affects well-being, especially for mothers. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted established childcare arrangements, with school and day care closures adding to parental burdens. Despite extensive discourse on the influence of these closures on parental well-being, few studies have empirically analysed the effects of the increase in childcare responsibilities associated with the closures on the well-being of parents. We seek to address this gap by examining the impact of school and day care reopenings on parental well-being. We expect that parents’ life satisfaction will increase when schools and day care facilities are reopened —and that this effect is particularly strong for mothers. Leveraging the variation in the time of reopenings across Germany’s federal states, we employ a difference-in-differences and a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach to assess changes in well-being. The research design accounts for state-level differences and potential confounding factors related to the pandemic. By using data from the German IAB-HOPP study, which offers timely measures of life satisfaction, we aim to quantify the effects of reopenings on parental well-being. Results show only a small and marginally positive effect of reopenings on average life satisfaction among parents. However, this is due to a strong and significant effect of reopenings on mothers’ life satisfaction and no significanteffect for fathers. Our findings contribute to research on the division of unpaid labour and childcare and support the notion that public childcare provision is crucial, particularly for mothers’ life satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parental stress and working situation during the COVID-19 shutdown – Effects on children’s skill development (2024)
Zitatform
Vogelbacher, Markus & Thorsten Schneider (2024): Parental stress and working situation during the COVID-19 shutdown – Effects on children’s skill development. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 60. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100609
Abstract
"Objective: This study examines whether parental emotional distress during the first pandemic-related school shutdown in 2020 in Germany affected the development of primary school students’ mathematical skills and investigates changes in parents’ working conditions as triggers of cascading stress processes. Background: The Family Stress Model (FSM) explains the mechanisms that mediate between families’ structural conditions and children's developmental outcomes. Foundational works for this approach focus on historic events that instigate rapid structural changes which, in turn, undermine families' economic situation. The economic losses trigger stress processes. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic reports heightened levels of parental stress and negative impacts on children's cognitive and socioemotional development. This study examines the role of parental emotional distress during the COVID-19 shutdown on children's cognitive development. Expanding on the classical FSM, we hypothesize that changes in parents' working situation, rather than economic changes, may have triggered family stress processes during the shutdown, as federal support largely cushioned economic cutbacks in Germany. Method: For the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), interviews were conducted with parents, and primary school students in Starting Cohort 1 were tested after the first shutdown in 2020. The database provides rich information from survey waves prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing a longitudinal analysis of a sample of 1512 primary school students with ordinary least squares regression. Results: Parents’ emotional distress during the pandemic had a robust negative effect on students’ mathematical skills, even when controlling for prior parenting stress. Changes in parents’ working conditions also had an effect on children’s test scores, and the negative effect of working from home on the test scores was mediated by parents’ emotional distress. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was a historic event which, at least in Germany, challenged the mental health of many parents and, in turn, impaired the skill development of primary school students. We introduce the role of changes in working conditions as triggers of such processes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Neither backlash nor convergence: dynamics of intra-couple childcare division during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina, Dana Müller & Simone Schüller (2023): Neither backlash nor convergence: dynamics of intra-couple childcare division during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, 2023-08-18. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00353-8
Abstract
"Using unique (bi)monthly panel data (IAB-HOPP) covering the immediate postlockdown period from June to August 2020, as well as the subsequent period up until the second lockdown in January/February 2021, we investigate opposing claims of widening/closing the gender gap in parental childcare during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. We consider prepandemic division as a reference point and provide dynamics rather than snapshots. Our results suggest a slight initial shift toward a more egalitarian division that, however, faded out in subsequent months. Starting from a fairly “traditional” prepandemic childcare division, the lockdown stimulus was not nearly strong enough to level the playing field. Subgroup analysis differentiating between individual lockdown-specific work arrangements shows that the drivers of the observed shift were mothers with relatively intense labor market participation who cannot work from home. Fathers’ work arrangement instead did not play a significant role. We conclude that the shift emerged out of necessity rather than opportunity, which makes it likely to fade once the necessity vanishes. Further, a shift is observed only if fathers were to some extent involved in childcare prepandemic, which points to the crucial role of initial conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
- frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen u.d.T. "Neither Backlash nor Convergence: Dynamics of Intracouple Childcare Division after the First Covid-19 Lockdown and Subsequent Reopening in Germany" als: IAB-Discussion Paper, 12/2021
- frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen u.d.T. "Neither backlash nor convergence: Dynamics of intra-couple childcare division after the first COVID-19 lockdown and subsequent reopening in Germany" in: Covid economics, (2021), 81, 19-49
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Literaturhinweis
Family Climate in Pandemic Times: Adolescents and Mothers (2023)
Zitatform
Eichhorn, Thomas, Simone Schüller, Hannah Sinja Steinberg & Claudia Zerle-Elsäßer (2023): Family Climate in Pandemic Times: Adolescents and Mothers. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 11, H. 1, S. 282-294., 2022-11-04. DOI:10.17645/si.v11i1.6007
Abstract
"In this article, we examine changes in family climate during the first Covid-19-related lockdown in Germany. We compare the perspectives of mothers and adolescents to explore whether the factors of perceived changes in family climate are systematically and significantly different between these groups. We measure family climate as positive emotional climate, a sub-dimension of the family environment scale, to capture a feeling of cohesion and emotional openness within the family. Based on family system theory and the family stress model, we expect an overall deterioration in family climate due to increased environmental adaptation in the pandemic. Furthermore, we expect family climate to deteriorate less when families have economic and social resources available. On the other hand, we assume that being employed and/or primarily responsible for family care relates to a stronger decline in the family climate. We employ longitudinal survey data (AID:A) from around 300 German families with children aged nine to 17 and apply individual fixed effects models to investigate changes in family climate from 2019 to 2020. Almost half of our respondents report a decrease in family climate. For mothers, the share of unpaid care work at home is the only significant predictor: Mothers doing more than 80% of the chores and childcare feel a greater decrease in family climate. For adolescents, however, being at risk of poverty and having less frequent family activities are important predictors of stronger decreases in family climate. In summary, our results illustrate the relevance of distinguishing between the perspective of children and parents in family studies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Kids back to school - parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents’ employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)
Zitatform
Fervers, Lukas, Lina Tobler, Veronika Knize, Bernhard Christoph & Marita Jacob (2023): Kids back to school - parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents’ employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 373-387., 2023-01-19. DOI:10.1177/09589287231176775
Abstract
"Around the globe, the coronavirus pandemic has triggered various reactions of governments designed to contain the pandemic. Among other things, the pandemic led to an unforeseen and unprecedented closure of schools and daycare facilities. In turn, these closures might have forced parents to stay at home to care for their children who could not attend schools or kindergartens. From a social policy perspective, this raises the question of the extent to which parents’ employment has been affected, as time spent on childcare might make parents reduce their working hours. To answer this question, we exploit within-country variations in school and childcare policies across the federal states of Germany to analyse their effect on parents’ working time. In specific, we compare the working time of parents who live in different federal states with different restrictions regarding childcare in a difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences framework. Our results reveal a non-negligible positive effect of an earlier and more far-reaching reopening of schools and daycare facilities on parents’ employment. Our results indicate that prolonged closure goes along with negative employment effects for parents. Hence, containment and closure policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have substantial economic and social side effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © SAGE) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Supplemental material -
Literaturhinweis
Kids back to school – parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents' employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)
Zitatform
Fervers, Lukas, Lina Tobler, Veronika Knize, Bernhard Christoph & Marita Jacob (2023): Kids back to school – parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents' employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 373-387. DOI:10.1177/09589287231176775
Abstract
"Around the globe, the coronavirus pandemic has triggered various reactions of governments designed to contain the pandemic. Among other things, the pandemic led to an unforeseen and unprecedented closure of schools and daycare facilities. In turn, these closures might have forced parents to stay at home to care for their children who could not attend schools or kindergartens. From a social policy perspective, this raises the question of the extent to which parents' employment has been affected, as time spent on childcare might make parents reduce their working hours. To answer this question, we exploit within-country variations in school and childcare policies across the federal states of Germany to analyse their effect on parents' working time. In specific, we compare the working time of parents who live in different federal states with different restrictions regarding childcare in a difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences framework. Our results reveal a non-negligible positive effect of an earlier and more far-reaching reopening of schools and daycare facilities on parents' employment. Our results indicate that prolonged closure goes along with negative employment effects for parents. Hence, containment and closure policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have substantial economic and social side effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Family care during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: longitudinal evidence on consequences for the well-being of caregivers (2023)
Zitatform
Möhring, Katja, Sabine Zinn & Ulrike Ehrlich (2023): Family care during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: longitudinal evidence on consequences for the well-being of caregivers. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 20, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s10433-023-00761-2
Abstract
"We examine changes in the well-being of family caregivers during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the SOEP-CoV study. The COVID-19 pandemic posed an extraordinary challenge for family caregivers, as care recipients are a high-risk group requiring special protection, and professional care services were severely cut back. The specific situation of the COVID-19 pandemic allows us to re-examine the caregiver stress process model. Using first difference regression models, we analyse changes in general life satisfaction and depressive symptoms (PHQ-4 score) among family caregivers between 2019 and spring 2020, differentiating by care intensity and duration of the care episode. Caregivers show similar changes in well-being as non-caregivers: a simultaneous increase in depressive symptoms and life satisfaction between 2019 and 2020. However, our results reveal heterogeneity within the group of family caregivers as we find differences according to caregiving dynamics and intensity. Among the group of continuing caregivers, high-intensity caregivers experience a larger increase in life satisfaction, and low-intensity caregivers a smaller increase in life satisfaction, compared to non-caregivers. Our results therefore provide some support for the role enhancement hypothesis for continuing caregivers with high time commitment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Situation pflegender Angehöriger im erwerbsfähigen Alter in der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse einer Onlinebefragung in Deutschland (2023)
Wiegelmann, Henrik ; Wolf-Ostermann, Karin; Seibert, Kathrin ; Rothgang, Heinz ; Domhoff, Dominik ; Hess, Moritz ; Stolle, Claudia ; Preuß, Benedikt ; Schmidt, Annika; Heinze, Franziska ;Zitatform
Wiegelmann, Henrik, Moritz Hess, Dominik Domhoff, Franziska Heinze, Annika Schmidt, Kathrin Seibert, Claudia Stolle, Benedikt Preuß, Heinz Rothgang & Karin Wolf-Ostermann (2023): Die Situation pflegender Angehöriger im erwerbsfähigen Alter in der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse einer Onlinebefragung in Deutschland. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, Jg. 66, H. 3, S. 265-274. DOI:10.1007/s00103-023-03659-7
Abstract
"Die Folgen der COVID-19-Pandemie haben verschiedene Personengruppen vor große Herausforderungen gestellt; eine dieser Gruppen sind pflegende Angehörige. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, welche Veränderungen die Pandemie für pflegende Angehörige mit sich gebracht hat und in welchem Ausmaß sich Lebensqualität und Pflegebelastung subgruppenspezifisch verändert haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)
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Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Soziales in Deutschland
- Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Maßnahmen
- Exit-Strategien zur Beendigung des Lockdowns
- Kurzarbeit - Regelungen und Inanspruchnahme während der Pandemie
- Homeoffice/mobiles Arbeiten
- Auswirkungen auf Betriebe
- Beschäftigung, Arbeitslosigkeit und Grundsicherung nach SGB II
- Einkommenseffekte
- Einzelne Berufe und Branchen
- Berufsausbildung/Lehrstellenmarkt
- Zukunftsszenarien: Wird die Wirtschaft nach Corona nachhaltiger?
- Soziale und gesundheitliche Aspekte
- Corona und Care
- Weiterbildung
- Konjunkturpaket zur Förderung der Wirtschaft
- Personengruppen
- Regionale Aspekte
- Internationale Arbeitsmärkte / Auswirkungen der Globalisierung
- Bundesländer