Bedingungsloses und solidarisches Grundeinkommen – Konzepte in der Diskussion
Trotz günstiger Beschäftigungslage laufen Langzeitarbeitslose immer noch Gefahr, den Anschluss an den ersten Arbeitsmarkt zu verlieren. Zudem gibt es die Sorge, dass sich diese Entwicklung durch den technologischen Wandel noch verstärken wird. Wäre ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen die richtige Antwort? Kann ein solidarisches Grundeinkommen das Bürgergeld nach SGB II weiterentwickeln oder sogar ablösen? Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Literatur zum Thema zusammen und wirft einen Blick auf die aktuelle Diskussion.
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Literaturhinweis
Basic Income and Labor Supply: Evidence from an RCT in Germany (2025)
Bernhard, Sarah ; Schupp, Jürgen ; Bohmann, Sandra; Kasy, Maximilian ; Schwerter, Frederik; Fiedler, Susann;Zitatform
Bernhard, Sarah, Sandra Bohmann, Susann Fiedler, Maximilian Kasy, Jürgen Schupp & Frederik Schwerter (2025): Basic Income and Labor Supply. Evidence from an RCT in Germany. (CESifo working paper 11940), München, 45 S.
Abstract
"How does basic income (a regular, unconditional, guaranteed cash transfer) impact labor supply? We show that in search models of the labor market with income effects, this impact is theoretically ambiguous: Employment and job durations might increase or decrease, match surplus might be shifted to workers or employers, and worker surplus might be reallocated between wages and job amenities. We thus turn to empirical evidence to study this impact. We conducted a pre-registered RCT in Germany, starting 2021, where recipients received 1200 Euro/month for three years. We draw on both administrative and survey data, and find no extensive margin (employment) response, and no impact on on job transitions from either non-employment or employment. We do find a small statistically insignificant intensive margin shift to parttime employment, which implies an excess burden (reduction of government revenues) of ca 7.5% of the transfer. We furthermore observe a small increase of enrollment in training or education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: DIW-Diskussionspapiere, 2123 -
Literaturhinweis
Basic Income and Labor Supply: Evidence from an RCT in Germany (2025)
Bernhard, Sarah ; Fiedler, Susann; Bohmann, Sandra; Kasy, Maximilian ; Schwerter, Frederik; Schupp, Jürgen ;Zitatform
Bernhard, Sarah, Sandra Bohmann, Susann Fiedler, Maximilian Kasy, Jürgen Schupp & Frederik Schwerter (2025): Basic Income and Labor Supply. Evidence from an RCT in Germany. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 2123), Berlin, 45 S.
Abstract
"How does basic income (a regular, unconditional, guaranteed cash transfer) impact labor supply? We show that in search models of the labor market with income effects, this impact is theoretically ambiguous: Employment and job durations might increase or decrease, match surplus might be shifted to workers or employers, and worker surplus might be reallocated between wages and job amenities. We thus turn to empirical evidence to study this impact. We conducted a pre-registered RCT in Germany, starting 2021, where recipients received 1200 Euro/month for three years. We draw on both administrative and survey data, and find no extensive margin (employment) response, and no impact on on job transitions from either non-employment or employment. We do find a small statistically insignificant intensive margin shift to parttime employment, which implies an excess burden (reduction of government revenues) of ca 7.5% of the transfer. We furthermore observe a small increase of enrollment in training or education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Basic Income and Labor Supply: Evidence from an RCT in Germany (2025)
Bernhard, Sarah ; Fiedler, Susann; Schwerter, Frederik; Schupp, Jürgen ; Bohmann, Sandra; Kasy, Maximilian ;Zitatform
Bernhard, Sarah, Sandra Bohmann, Susann Fiedler, Maximilian Kasy, Jürgen Schupp & Frederik Schwerter (2025): Basic Income and Labor Supply. Evidence from an RCT in Germany. (SocArXiv papers 109 2123), Berlin, 45 S.
Abstract
"How does basic income (a regular, unconditional, guaranteed cash transfer) impact labor supply? We show that in search models of the labor market with income effects, this impact is theoretically ambiguous: Employment and job durations might increase or decrease, match surplus might be shifted to workers or employers, and worker surplus might be reallocated between wages and job amenities. We thus turn to empirical evidence to study this impact. We conducted a pre-registered RCT in Germany, starting 2021, where recipients received 1200 Euro/month for three years. We draw on both administrative and survey data, and find no extensive margin (employment) response, and no impact on job transitions from either non-employment or employment. We do find a small statistically insignificant intensive margin shift to part-time employment, which implies an excess burden (reduction of government revenues) of ca 7.5% of the transfer. We furthermore observe a small increase of enrollment in training or education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: DIW-Diskussionspapiere, 2123 -
Literaturhinweis
Fewer obligations for welfare recipients, more social and economic activities? Results from an experiment with less conditional welfare regimes (2025)
Zitatform
Betkó, János, Niels Spierings, Maurice Gesthuizen & Peer Scheepers (2025): Fewer obligations for welfare recipients, more social and economic activities? Results from an experiment with less conditional welfare regimes. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 54, H. 2, S. 374-391. DOI:10.1017/S0047279423000545
Abstract
"This article presents results of a Dutch randomized experiment, challenging the ‘workfare’ paradigm, which is dominant in many countries. We study whether social assistance (SA) schemes with fewer conditions and more autonomy for recipients stimulate valuable but often overlooked unpaid socio-economic activities (USEA), which are not classified as work. In the qualitative part of the mixed method study, we generated new hypotheses stating that particularly recipients who are older, higher educated, have a migration background, have relatively poor health, or have young children, will spend more time on USEA in less conditional and more autonomous regimes. The quantitative part of the study, where two experimental conditions are compared with the usual treatment of SA recipients, does not show convincing average treatment effects, but does reveal that a less conditional and more autonomy-oriented SA scheme translates into more USEA for older people, people with a migration background and people with relatively poor mental health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pilotprojekt Grundeinkommen: kein Rückzug vom Arbeitsmarkt, aber bessere mentale Gesundheit (2025)
Zitatform
Bohmann, Sandra, Susann Fiedler, Max Kasy, Jürgen Schupp & Frederik Schwerter (2025): Pilotprojekt Grundeinkommen: kein Rückzug vom Arbeitsmarkt, aber bessere mentale Gesundheit. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 92, H. 15, S. 221-229. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2025-15-1
Abstract
"Im Juni 2021 startete in Deutschland ein groß angelegtes Feldexperiment zum bedingungslosen Grundeinkommen. Zwei in diesem Wochenbericht zusammengefasste Studien untersuchen, wie sich bedingungslose Geldtransfers in Höhe von monatlich 1200 Euro über einen Zeitraum von drei Jahren auf das Ausgaben- und Arbeitsmarktverhalten sowie auf verschiedene Indikatoren der mentalen Gesundheit und des subjektiven Wohlbefindens auswirkten. Die 107 Teilnehmenden sparten rund ein Drittel der Geldzahlungen und damit mehr als doppelt so viel wie die aus 1580 Personen bestehende Vergleichsgruppe. Knapp acht Prozent der Geldzahlungen gaben sie für wohltätige Zwecke oder zur Unterstützung von Familien- und Freundes-Netzwerken aus. Die Teilnehmenden zogen sich weder aus dem Arbeitsmarkt zurück noch reduzierten sie signifikant ihre geleisteten Arbeitsstunden. Die Zahlungen führten jedoch zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der mentalen Gesundheit und einem Anstieg der allgemeinen Lebenszufriedenheit sowie weiterer Indikatoren des Wohlbefindens. Die Ergebnisse liefern einen evidenzbasierten Baustein zur Versachlichung der sozialpolitisch relevanten Debatte von bedingungslosen Geldzahlungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Cash Transfers, Mental Health and Agency: Evidence from an RCT in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Bohmann, Sandra, Susann Fiedler, Maximilian Kasy, Jürgen Schupp & Frederik Schwerter (2025): Cash Transfers, Mental Health and Agency: Evidence from an RCT in Germany. (CESifo working paper 11989), München, 37 S.
Abstract
"Mental health and wellbeing are unequally distributed in high-income countries, disadvantaging low-income individuals. Unconditional, regular, and guaranteed cash transfers may help address this inequality by promoting financial security and agency. We conducted a preregistered RCT in Germany, where treated participants received monthly payments of EUR 1,200 for three years. Cash transfers improve mental health and wellbeing. These effects are substantively large and robust. Cash transfers also improve perceived autonomy, savings, prosocial giving, time with friends, and sleep. Our findings suggest that cash transfers improve mental health and wellbeing if they empower agency and meaningful life changes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Basic income in crisis? (Hard) lessons from the pandemic (2025)
Zitatform
De Wispelaere, Jurgen, Joe Chrisp & Leticia Morales (2025): Basic income in crisis? (Hard) lessons from the pandemic. In: Global Policy, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 167-174. DOI:10.1111/1758-5899.13461
Abstract
"This short paper reflects on the key lessons we can learn from the political debate around and policy experimentation with (emergency) basic income schemes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. While the pandemic crisis initially seems to have opened up a policy window for introducing a basic income as a crisis instrument, theoretical arguments and empirical observations strongly suggest the reliance of some basic income advocates on crisis events, such as the pandemic, to push forward their policy ideas involves wishful thinking rather than political reality. A feasible roadmap towards introducing basic income requires the hard work of raising public awareness, constructing broad constituencies, and building robust political coalitions rather than waiting for the next crisis to come around the corner." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ein Bürgergeld für alle?: Geschichte und Zukunft eines liberalen Vorschlags (2025)
Gerhardt, Klaus-Uwe;Zitatform
Gerhardt, Klaus-Uwe (2025): Ein Bürgergeld für alle? Geschichte und Zukunft eines liberalen Vorschlags. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 372 S.
Abstract
"Vor mehr als zwei Jahrhunderten wurden in England Lohnzuschüsse für Geringverdienende und Arbeitslose eingeführt. Das als Speenhamland bekannte System wurde gelobt, kritisiert und persifliert. Nach dem Stand der Forschung trugen nicht nur niedrige Energie- und Transportkosten, sondern auch relativ hohe Löhne und Lohnsubventionen zum Vorsprung der britischen Wirtschaft bei, da sie die Massenkaufkraft steigerten. Diese Studie analysiert das Speenhamland-System, seine Funktionsweise und Auswirkungen, und untersucht, warum es trotz positiver Effekte nach 40 Jahren abgeschafft wurde. Die Analyse bietet ein differenziertes Verständnis des Potenzials von Grundeinkommenspolitiken zur Bewältigung sozialer Ungleichheit und der Klimakrise." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis -
Literaturhinweis
Partial basic income has positive and no heterogenous effects on mental health – An analysis of the Finnish basic income randomized experiment among people in unemployment (2025)
Zitatform
Hiilamo, Aapo & Moritz Oberndorfer (2025): Partial basic income has positive and no heterogenous effects on mental health – An analysis of the Finnish basic income randomized experiment among people in unemployment. (MPIDR working paper / Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research 2025-035), Rostock, 30 S. DOI:10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2025-035
Abstract
"A randomized trial of a partial basic income scheme for the population in unemployment in Finland was conducted in 2017–2018. No studies to date that we are aware of have investigated to what extent the effects of the trial on self-reported mental health were heterogeneous. This is an important question for understanding the implications of basic income schemes for the distribution of mental health in a population. We studied effect heterogeneity using data from a survey conducted at the end of the two-year experiment with a response rate of 20% (intervention n=569, control n=1028). Mental health was measured by the MHI-5 five-item instrument. We considered effect heterogeneity across potential indicators of labor market disadvantages, including age, gender, education, prior employment status, household size, and family type. Participants in the intervention group had moderately better mental health compared with those in the control group (adjusted risk difference for poor mental health -0.08 [95%CI: -0.12; -0.03]). Multilevel modelling and causal forest showed no evidence for heterogenous effects on mental health. Our results suggest that basic incomes schemes have no harmful effects on mental health across multiple potential axes of labor market disadvantage, and are unlikely to increase mental health inequalities among people in unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Health effects of cash transfers: Evidence from the Finnish basic income experiment (2025)
Zitatform
Hämäläinen, Kari, Miska Simanainen & Jouko Verho (2025): Health effects of cash transfers: Evidence from the Finnish basic income experiment. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 250. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105480
Abstract
"This study provides causal evidence that cash transfer programs have the potential to alleviate the income–health trap in advanced countries. We analyze the Finnish basic income experiment, which replaced the minimum unemployment benefits with a guaranteed income for 2,000 randomly selected unemployed persons during the years 2017–2018. The guaranteed income removed all job–search requirements, but participants could still choose to claim unemployment benefits and comply with related obligations. The experiment also increased average income by 9 %–11 %, for two reasons: basic income payments overlapped with benefits due from the pre-experiment period, and basic income was not tapered against labor earnings. Using register data on all prescription medications and secondary care visits, we find that the experiment reduced psychotropic drug use by 8 %–11 %. Our results also suggest a decline in outpatient mental health visits for secondary care. No effects were detected for other health outcomes. Since most participants opted out of the unconditionality aspect of the experiment and continued to claim unemployment benefits, we attribute the observed health effects primarily to the increased income." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Welfare versus Work Paradox (2025)
Zitatform
Iacono, Roberto (2025): The Welfare versus Work Paradox. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0321564
Abstract
"How can countries balance work incentives and access to welfare without violating the principle that work shall always be strictly preferred to welfare? In a context in which wages stagnate or drop, and benefit levels are reduced due to austerity measures, the welfare versus work paradox arises. This research shows analytically that when both wages and benefits approach the subsistence level, welfare becomes preferable to work, violating the work incentive principle. The policy implication of this result is that, to maintain the validity of the work incentive principle, minimum wages must be kept above the subsistence threshold." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How basic income influences daily occupations: A scoping review (2025)
Zitatform
Johansson, Marie, Anita Björklund Carlstedt & Inger Jansson (2025): How basic income influences daily occupations: A scoping review. In: Journal of occupational science, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 718-738. DOI:10.1080/14427591.2025.2501946
Abstract
"The International Labor Organization forecasts an increase in unemployment and precarious work. These conditions entail occupational injustices through restricting engagement in daily occupations that are crucial for health and well-being. Basic income has been suggested as a possible solution for the forecast scenario. This scoping review explored how basic income influences daily occupations. Literature was searched through databases PRIMO, Social Science Database, Scopus ABI/INFORM, CINAHL, and AMED. Nine books, articles, and reports were identified, and included in a qualitative content analysis. Inductive content analysis revealed four main categories: Daily survival ensured, Another standard of living, Taking care and taking part, and Outlook for the future. The findings revealed the impact of unconditional basic income on both structural and contextual factors influencing daily occupations in terms of securing daily survival, improved performance of daily occupations, increased care and social engagement, and raised hope through opportunities to choose and plan for the future. Basic income may thus have the potential to promote occupational justice. This review contributes to occupational science with knowledge about how unconditional basic income can enhance opportunities to both choose meaningful occupations and reject deleterious and precarious occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What role do young people believe Universal Basic Income can play in supporting their mental health? (2025)
Johnson, Elliott A.; Webster, Hannah; Pickett, Kate E. ; Morrison, James; Johnson, Matthew T.; Nettle, Daniel ; Mathers, Alice; Thorold, Riley;Zitatform
Johnson, Elliott A., Hannah Webster, James Morrison, Riley Thorold, Alice Mathers, Daniel Nettle, Kate E. Pickett & Matthew T. Johnson (2025): What role do young people believe Universal Basic Income can play in supporting their mental health? In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 28, H. 1, S. 175-194. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2023.2256236
Abstract
"The proportion of 16- to 24-year-olds in England reporting a longstanding mental health condition increased almost 10-fold between 1995 and 2014. Studies demonstrate an association between income and anxiety and depression, with bi-directional effects. There is also emerging evidence that cash transfers may mitigate, prevent or delay those conditions. This article presents qualitative data exploring the relationship between income and anxiety and depression and the prospective impact of Universal Basic Income (UBI) as a public health measure. Data was gathered from citizen engagement workshops with 28 young people aged 14–22 from Bradford, England. We present four findings: (i) participants believe that the current work and welfare system has a detrimental impact on their mental health; (ii) most participants believe that UBI would have positive impacts on their mental health by virtue of reducing financial strain; (iii) most participants appear to favor a UBI scheme with larger payments than have traditionally been proposed; (iv) participants believe that there are non-financial benefits of UBI, such as reduction in stigma." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income as a Response to Automation? Attitudes of Human Translators Facing Neural Machine Translation (2025)
Zitatform
Kılıç, Azer (2025): Universal Basic Income as a Response to Automation? Attitudes of Human Translators Facing Neural Machine Translation. In: Critical Sociology, Jg. 51, H. 6, S. 1225-1240. DOI:10.1177/08969205241279262
Abstract
"How do professionals who may be at risk of job loss due to AI-driven automation view a universal basic income (UBI) as a policy response to technological unemployment? This article examines the attitudes of translators from Turkey, a country with the highest perceived technological risks across the OECD. Based on interviews, the article reveals varying views on UBI, the framings of which reflect participants’ political views and understandings of capitalist societies. While some participants depict a perspective of economic individualism, emphasizing individual responsibility and a work ethic in opposing UBI, others advocate an anti-capitalist outlook, promoting collective action yet appearing skeptical of UBI. However, a majority supports UBI as a social right. Furthermore, those concerned about job or wage loss are primarily found among those who favor UBI and those who specialize as freelancers in areas perceived as more susceptible to automation, suggesting that job insecurity shapes views of UBI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Basic Income and Human Needs Satisfaction: Evidence from the HudsonUP Experiment (2025)
Zitatform
Langridge, Nicholas, Leah Hamilton & Alex Dobill (2025): Basic Income and Human Needs Satisfaction: Evidence from the HudsonUP Experiment. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 180, H. 2, S. 1019-1039. DOI:10.1007/s11205-025-03708-5
Abstract
"This article analyses qualitative data from the HudsonUP unconditional basic income (UBI) experiment to examine changes to participants’ human needs satisfaction. Human needs theories offer a holistic perspective on wellbeing and are widely employed in the sustainable welfare and post-growth literatures. However, they are under utilised in empirical UBI research. Through an inductive/deductive hybrid thematic analysis of interviews conducted at the baseline and three-year mark, the article examines changes in participants’ abilityto satisfy their needs of subsistence, protection, freedom, participation, affection, leisure, understanding, creativity, and identity over the course of the experiment. In doing so, it demonstrates the viability of applying needs-based approaches to UBI research. Findings indicate that the participants’ ability to satisfy their material and non-material needs did increase over the course of the experiment. However, they continued to face barriers to full needs satisfaction. The findings suggest that cash alone is insufficient and proposals for an eco-social UBI –one which contributes to satisfying human needs within ecological limits – must also be accompanied by appropriate of supply-side reforms. The article contributes to bridging the gap between theory and practice when it comes to the potential role of UBI in promoting socially just and sustainable welfare in line with post-growth perspectives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Challenging the Justice of a Basic Income Policy When Focusing on the Homeless Population: A Case Study on Germany (2025)
Löffler, Verena;Zitatform
Löffler, Verena (2025): Challenging the Justice of a Basic Income Policy When Focusing on the Homeless Population: A Case Study on Germany. In: Basic Income Studies, Jg. 20, H. 2, S. 167-217. DOI:10.1515/bis-2024-0004
Abstract
"In a given society, those who are least advantaged would allegedly benefit the most from receiving a basic income. However, the merits of such a policy are generally debated according to the effects on society as a whole, not specifically on the most marginalized; thus, the potential benefits of a basic income for marginalized groups is unclear. To address this gap, I identify homeless people in Germany as the least advantaged and assess how this group would be impacted by a basic income based on real libertarian, liberal egalitarian, and republican theories of justice. Specifically, I show how introducing a basic income would affect the homeless population in Germany in terms of income, self-respect, and power. While a basic income could increase most of the homeless population ’s income and improve communal relations, the stigma attached to homelessness will only decrease insofar as the basic income policy helps people exit homelessness. Moreover, a basic income would decrease power imbalances between the homeless population and state agencies, but the policy’s effects on relations between homeless persons and fellow citizens, particularly landlords, are ambiguous. This article contributes to the theoretical discussion on a basic income, providing a new concern about whether such a policy is fair to the homeless population. Moreover, this article is relevant in practice, as the discussed effects may prompt avenues for designing future social policies that address the homeless population as the most vulnerable group in modern welfare states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
(How) Would You Continue Working? A Comparison of Responses to the Lottery Question and a Basic Income Question (2025)
Zitatform
Posch, Melina, Joachim Hüffmeier, Ali Cevik, Juliane John & Hannes Zacher (2025): (How) Would You Continue Working? A Comparison of Responses to the Lottery Question and a Basic Income Question. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, Jg. 69, H. 1, S. 1-14. DOI:10.1026/0932-4089/a000434
Abstract
"The introduction of a basic income (BI) is a controversial topic. A key psychological question is whether most employees would stop or, as suggested by lottery question research, continue working. We addressed this question through two surveys with 268 and 640 employees, examining their plans regarding working if they won the lottery (lottery question) or received a monthly BI (BI question) as well as their reasons for continuing to work. More than 90 % (Study 1) and more than 80 % (Study 2) of respondents planned to continue working in both scenarios. In response to the BI question, more participants indicated they would continue working as before and fewer planned to pursue a different kind of work or to stop working. Financial reasons to continue working were reported more frequently in response to the BI question. Our findings suggest that the generalizability of lottery question research to the BI is limited, which necessitates specific research on the BI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Anreizkompatibilität eines Grundeinkommens (2025)
Zitatform
Prinz, Aloys L. (2025): Anreizkompatibilität eines Grundeinkommens. In: Ordo : Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Jg. 74, H. 1, S. 68-101. DOI:10.1515/ordo-2025-2006
Abstract
"Die Diskussion um eine bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen hat wieder an Fahrt gewonnen. Neben theoretischen Analysen der Arbeitsanreizeffekte stehen neuerdings Simulationen und Experimente als Methoden zur Erweiterung der Kenntnisse über die Wirkungen eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens zur Verfügung. In diesem Beitrag wird die Analyse der Anreizeffekte über diejenigen auf das Arbeitsangebot hinaus auf die Zeitallokation ausgedehnt. Insbesondere wird auf die Bedeutung der Befähigung (Capabilities) der Personen und Haushalte hinsichtlich der Zeitverwendung hingewiesen, die für eine effektive und effiziente Zeitallokation erforderlich ist. Darüber hinaus werden die Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Simulationsstudie und des finnischen Grundeinkommensexperimentes hinsichtlich der Anreizeffekte von Grundeinkommensvarianten diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Macroeconomic Observations on Paying for and Funding Universal Basic Income (2025)
Zitatform
Sawyer, Malcolm (2025): Macroeconomic Observations on Paying for and Funding Universal Basic Income. In: Basic Income Studies, Jg. 19, H. 2, S. 227-252. DOI:10.1515/bis-2023-0032
Abstract
"The paper undertakes macroeconomic analysis of Universal Basic Income (UBI). It focuses on issues of paying for and the funding of universal basic income. A number of proposals are examined and the limitations of borrowing and money creation for the funding of UBI are indicated. It is generally argued that funding of UBI should be examined in terms of funding through taxation. The effects of UBI on employment and national output and the macroeconomic limits on the scale on UBI in terms of work force participation and tax rates are investigated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
(Un)conditional Basic Income and Participation Income: A Review of Its Micro- and Macro-Economic Effects (2025)
Zitatform
Somers, Melline A., Ruud J. A. Muffels & Annemarie Künn-Nelen (2025): (Un)conditional Basic Income and Participation Income: A Review of Its Micro- and Macro-Economic Effects. In: De Economist, Jg. 173, H. 1, S. 205-244. DOI:10.1007/s10645-024-09447-1
Abstract
"This paper reviews 41 studies on the micro and macro-economic effects of (Un)conditional Basic Income (UBI/CBI), Negative Income Tax, and Participation Income related programs in middle- and high-income countries. These programs aim to provide a Guaranteed Minimum Income either for the population at large or for specific groups such as the unemployed. Compared to previous review studies in the field, it advances by examining the broader (un)intended effects on income, (mental) health, subjective well-being and social outcomes. We find that recent US/Canada studies re-estimating the negative labor supply effects found in older studies report much lower and even insignificant estimates. The studies on European programmes and experiments show slightly more positive but still mostly insignificant labor supply effects. However, more positive and significant effects on subjective well-being, mental health, and trust were found, particularly in recent European studies. Similar effects were observed in recent Canadian and US studies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Poverty constructions and discursive strategies employed by participants in the Finnish Basic Income Experiment (2025)
Zitatform
Tarkiainen, Laura, Helena Blomberg & Christian Kroll (2025): Poverty constructions and discursive strategies employed by participants in the Finnish Basic Income Experiment. In: Discourse & society, Jg. 36, H. 3, S. 422-438. DOI:10.1177/09579265241284649
Abstract
"In this article, we examine how eighty-one participants in the Finnish Basic Income Experiment discursively construct and make sense of their own and others’ poverty in face-to-face interviews. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), we identified three discursive strategies the interviewees use to engage with and challenge culturally dominant poverty discourses. First, poverty was constructed as a tragic experience attributed to external causes beyond individual control, such as precarious labor markets and governmental policies. Second, poverty was managed discursively through explicit and implicit moral judgements about other welfare recipients, which also highlighted the speakers’ own moral values regarding responsibility and self-sufficiency. Third, some interviewees discursively constructed their low-income status as a personal and deliberate choice to live an intentionally modest, sustainable or ‘deviant’ lifestyle. Overall, our results reveal how ideologically controversial sociopolitical experiments create a particular argumentative context in which poverty talk is constructed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unconditional Endowment and Acceptance of Taxes: A Lab-in-the-Field Experiment on UBI with Unemployed (2025)
Zitatform
Tena Estrada, Blanca & Nhat Luong (2025): Unconditional Endowment and Acceptance of Taxes: A Lab-in-the-Field Experiment on UBI with Unemployed. In: Basic Income Studies, Jg. 19, H. 2, S. 307-333. DOI:10.1515/bis-2023-0003
Abstract
"A universal basic income (UBI) would be a guaranteed income floor for both the employed and the unemployed, from which economic theory predicts a gain in bargaining power and a disincentive to work. For high earners, the increase in taxes necessary to fund this program would decrease their motivation to earn. To assess these aspects, we conducted a lab-in-the-field experiment at a State Employment Service office in Spain. The unemployed participants received either an initial unconditional endowment, framed under the logic of the solidarity condition of UBI (UBI treatment) – to examine the taxes’ effect – or as a participation fee (FEE) or no initial endowment (NONUBI). Subsequently, they faced one default randomized task from a set of four paid real-effort tasks. To study bargaining power, they could change the task up to three times and/or skip all tasks and conclude the experiment. In the FEE treatment, they yielded the highest earnings. While we did not find a statistically significant difference in earnings between the FEE and the NON-UBI treatments, the UBI differed from the NON-UBI and FEE. A likely reason could be a crowding-out of motivation by the pressure to reciprocate without believing in other participants’ deservingness of the UBI. In addition, the results reveal that females change tasks more frequently than males." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A modest basic income can benefit a poor majority (2024)
Zitatform
Amir, Rabah, Felix Fitzroy & Jim Jin (2024): A modest basic income can benefit a poor majority. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 224, S. 537-547. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2024.05.019
Abstract
"Given a general utility and income distribution and positive unemployment benefits, we analyze the impact of a universal basic income (UBI) financed by an income tax and reducing unemployment benefits. With extensive margins only and identical fixed costs of work, we show that UBI can benefit a poor majority. Plausible conditions can ensure similar results with different fixed costs. With both extensive and intensive margins but identical fixed costs, a modest UBI can still benefit a poor majority provided the income weighted tax elasticity of labor supply from intensive margins is less than the non-employment rate, which is usually true." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zeitsouveränität, Neues Normalarbeitsverhältnis und Sozialstaat 4.0 – Plädoyer für ein Lebensarbeitszeitkonto (2024)
Amlinger, Marc; Zimmermann, Eileen; Kellermann, Christian; Markert, Cornelius; Schmidt, Jürgen; Winkler, Mareike; Jacobi, Aljoscha ; Petersen, Benjamin Henry; Neumann, Horst;Zitatform
Amlinger, Marc, Aljoscha Jacobi, Christian Kellermann, Cornelius Markert, Horst Neumann, Benjamin Henry Petersen, Jürgen Schmidt, Mareike Winkler & Eileen Zimmermann (2024): Zeitsouveränität, Neues Normalarbeitsverhältnis und Sozialstaat 4.0 – Plädoyer für ein Lebensarbeitszeitkonto. (IGZA-Arbeitspapier 4), Berlin, 137 S.
Abstract
"Die Diskussion um die Zukunft der sozialen Sicherung ist in vollem Gange. Wesentliche Triebkräfte sind (alte und neue) Einkommensrisiken sowie neue Anforderungen an Arbeitszeiten, die im Zusammenhang mit der zunehmenden Digitalisierung und Automatisierung von Arbeit stehen. Zentrale Diskursstränge sind dabei die Debatte über die Veränderung des ‚Normalarbeitsverhältnisses‘ und seine Zukunft in einem ,Sozialstaat 4.0‘, sowie die Debatte über ein ‚Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen‘ (BGE). Im vorliegenden Papier analysieren wir die Entwicklung und Struktur der Sozialen Sicherungs- und der Arbeitszeitsysteme für eine kreative Weiterentwicklung traditioneller und neuer Ansätze zur Grundsicherung. Wir verfolgen die These, dass die heutigen Sozialversicherungen und Sozialhilfesysteme bereits wesentliche Bausteine einer Bürgerversicherung, sowie eines Grundeinkommens und von Lebensarbeitszeitkonten enthalten. Ihre Transformation in universalistische Institutionen zur Grundsicherung, die die selbst gewählten Arbeitsauszeiten finanzieren, kombiniert mit individuellen Freiheitsgraden der Einkommensverbesserung wird vor dem Hintergrund weiterer Produktivitätsgewinne der digitalen Revolution, kürzerer Arbeitszeiten und ‚Neuer Normalarbeitsverhältnisse‘ im 21. Jahrhundert realisierbar" (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
From theory to practice: Designing a European basic income (2024)
Zitatform
Bollain, Julen, Jordi Arcarons, Daniel Raventos & Lluís Torrens (2024): From theory to practice: Designing a European basic income. In: Poverty & public policy, Jg. 16, H. 4, S. 323-351. DOI:10.1002/pop4.415
Abstract
"Basic income, a periodic cash payment unconditionally delivered to all accredited residents on an individual basis, has garnered a great deal of attention in recent years driven by rising inequalities, the failure of minimum income schemes, labor market transformations, and diverse basic income pilot projects worldwide. However, the successful implementation of a basic income requires a comprehensive and sustained effort. This research contributes to this endeavor by providing an unprecedented microsimulation analysis of the economic feasibility of a European Basic Income (EBI), demonstrating that it can be financed sustainably and equitably without reducing existing tax revenues. The proposed EBI, financed through a reform of the personal income tax and the introduction of common European wealth and greenhouse gas emissions taxes, ensures the material existence of all Europeans and fosters a more egalitarian European Union through its redistributive effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bedingungsloses vs. haushaltstyp- und wohnortabhängiges Grundeinkommen: Simulation verschiedener Reformszenarien für Deutschland (2024)
Bätz, Benjamin; Becker, Susanne ; Isaak, Niklas; Englmann, Frank; Calisse, Frank; Thiele, Jonathan; Jessen, Robin ;Zitatform
Bätz, Benjamin, Susanne Becker, Frank Calisse, Frank Englmann, Niklas Isaak, Robin Jessen & Jonathan Thiele (2024): Bedingungsloses vs. haushaltstyp- und wohnortabhängiges Grundeinkommen: Simulation verschiedener Reformszenarien für Deutschland. In: Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 25, H. 3-4, S. 273-285. DOI:10.1515/pwp-2023-0036
Abstract
"Das Bedingungslose Grundeinkommen (BGE) zählt zu den bekanntesten Vorschlägen für eine Reform der Grundsicherung. Befürworter*innen erhoffen sich eine Vereinfachung des Sozialstaats. Frank Englmann, Robin Jessen, Benjamin Bätz, Susanne Becker, Frank Calisse, Niklas Isaak und Jonathan Thiele zeigen in diesem Beitrag, dass bei Einführung eines Grundeinkommens indes nur eine Auswahl an bestehenden Sozialleistungen wegfallen könnte. Die Autor*innen untersuchen via Mikrosimulation die Verteilungswirkung dreier Reformszenarien bei Einführung eines Grundeinkommens und gleichzeitiger Streichung ausgewählter Sozialleistungen. Die Gegenfinanzierung erfolgt jeweils durch Varianten einer Einkommensteuererhöhung. Wenn man zu erwartende Arbeitsangebotsreaktionen ins Kalkül einbezieht, sind die untersuchten BGE-Reformen nicht finanzierbar – zielgenauere Alternativszenarien, die den jeweiligen Haushaltskontext und die Mietkosten berücksichtigen, hingegen schon. Im Vergleich zum Status quo erfolgt in allen Szenarien eine starke Umverteilung nach unten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income: A Dynamic Assessment (2024)
Zitatform
Daruich, Diego & Raquel Fernández (2024): Universal Basic Income: A Dynamic Assessment. In: The American economic review, Jg. 114, H. 1, S. 38-88. DOI:10.1257/aer.20221099
Abstract
"Universal basic income (UBI) is an increasingly popular policy proposal, but there is no evidence regarding its longer-term consequences. We find that UBI generates large welfare losses in a general equilibrium model with imperfect capital markets, labor market shocks, and intergenerational linkages via skill formation and transfers. This conclusion is robust to various alternative ways of financing UBI. By using observationally equivalent models that eliminate different sources of endogenous dynamic linkages (equilibrium capital market and parental investment in child skills), we show that the latter are largely responsible for the negative welfare consequences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Viral cash: Basic income trials, policy mutation, and post-austerity politics in U.S. cities (2024)
Zitatform
Doussard, Marc (2024): Viral cash: Basic income trials, policy mutation, and post-austerity politics in U.S. cities. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 3, S. 927-942. DOI:10.1177/0308518X231203083
Abstract
"During the covid-19 pandemic, basic income pilot programs spread across U.S. cities like the novel coronavirus itself. The policy of no-strings-attached cash transfers marks a potentially significant change in the development of post-austerity politics, but only if basic income programs can endure beyond their trial phase. This paper centers the phenomenon of viral cash—cash transfer programs that mutate and multiply like the coronavirus to which they respond—as a means of assessing the possible pathways from trial programs to standing policy. Drawing on case studies of pilot programs in Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Denver, I argue that basic income pilots extend beyond their end-date by creating individual and institutional constituencies invested in unconditional cash transfers. Focusing on these constituencies draws attention to basic income’s role in popularizing child tax credits, program cash stipends and other policy reforms recently enacted by cities and states. Seen this way, basic income’s virus-like susceptibility to mutation plays a key role in seeding support for urban policies and politics that counter prior austerity by centering investment in human capacity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits (2024)
Zitatform
Dubois, Hans, Marie Hyland & Klára Fóti (2024): Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 86 S. DOI:10.2806/0704651
Abstract
"Social protection includes a range of monetary and in-kind entitlements. This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. These include lower-tier unemployment benefits in the 12 Member States where they exist, for people whose higher-tier benefits have run out or who cannot access them. These benefits cushion against decreases in income due to unemployment and prevent income from dropping below a certain level. The report maps coverage gaps, non-take-up and inadequacy, and how these benefits are tied to entitlements and access to services. It discusses digital application procedures, application rejections, financial (dis)incentives for benefit recipients to engage in work or training, and recipient characteristics." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen: Teuer und wirkungslos selbst für Bedürftige (2024)
Enste, Dominik;Zitatform
Enste, Dominik (2024): Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen: Teuer und wirkungslos selbst für Bedürftige. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2024,69), Köln, 4 S.
Abstract
"Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen (BGE) fasziniert Menschen immer wieder. Eine aktuelle, großangelegte, methodisch anspruchsvolle Studie aus den USA belegt nun - in der Eindeutigkeit durchaus überraschend - die weitgehende Wirkungslosigkeit sowohl im Hinblick auf Lebenszufriedenheit, Stress und Gesundheit als auch bezogen auf Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung - trotz Fokus auf Personen aus niedrigen Einkommensschichten. Das BGE ist somit nicht für Steuerzahler, sondern auch für die Empfänger eher ein Alptraum als ein Traum." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Needs for Security and Certainty Relate Differently to Support for Universal Basic Income Versus Other Social Safety Net Programs (2024)
Zitatform
Federico, Christopher & Caitlyn N. Barrett (2024): Needs for Security and Certainty Relate Differently to Support for Universal Basic Income Versus Other Social Safety Net Programs. (SocArXiv papers), 75 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/5gxav
Abstract
"Needs for security and certainty (NSC) vary in their relationship with economic preferences as a function of political engagement. Among those low in engagement, NSC is directly related to left-leaning economic preferences, since social welfare can be regarded as insurance. Among those high in engagement, NSC predicts right-wing economic preferences, since engaged individuals high in NSC take cues from right-leaning elites suggesting that support for redistribution is inconsistent with conservative ideological and partisan identities. In this study, we argue that this ‘reversal’ is less applicable to universal basic income (UBI), since the latter is an unconditional benefit that detaches welfare provision from specific situations of risk (e.g., unemployment insurance). This should shift individuals to think of provision in terms of moral hazard (e.g., work avoidance) in the context of UBI. Using Round 8 of the European Social Survey, we test and find support for several hypotheses based on this argument." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dimensions of controversy: Investigating the structure of public support for universal basic income in the Netherlands (2024)
Zitatform
Gielens, Erwin, Femke Roosma & Peter Achterberg (2024): Dimensions of controversy: Investigating the structure of public support for universal basic income in the Netherlands. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 393-412. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12607
Abstract
"As interest in universal basic income (UBI) policy has peaked in recent years, the study of public support for such a policy is rapidly developing. While recent studies recognise the multidimensionality of the UBI proposal, we still know little about to what extent support for UBI is unambiguously supported or rejected. We show that the public holds distinct but related opinions towards three dimensions of UBI: universalism, redistribution and unconditionality. The higher and lower educated are equally ambivalent towards the policy, suggesting a lack of political entrenchment towards UBI in Dutch society. Post hoc comparisons show that key demographics and constituencies support some dimensions while rejecting others, enabling both compromise and division on the issue. Despite these distinct controversies, however, the strong correlation between attitudinal dimensions suggests that survey experiments tend to overstate the degree of multidimensionality by ignoring the strong commonalities in support for policy aspects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social trust and the support for universal basic income (2024)
Zitatform
Gubello, Michele (2024): Social trust and the support for universal basic income. In: European Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 81. DOI:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102495
Abstract
"This paper presents a theoretical model showing how political mistrust affects people’s preferences for Universal Basic Income (UBI) when its implementation involves a reduction in spending for other public services (welfare retrenchment). The model shows that individuals with lower levels of political mistrust are more likely to endorse UBI, reflecting their trust in the government’s ability to managepublic resources and avoid wasteful retrenchment of other public services. The model also shows that generalised mistrust – characterized by agents’ expectations of their fellow citizens’ misbehavior that can reduce the government’s fiscal capacity – does not significantly influence preferences for UBI when it involves a partial retrenchment of other public services. This result is driven by the agents’ perception that their fellow citizens’ misbehavior would occur irrespective of the UBI implementation. The empirical analysis with 265 European regions from the European Social Survey (ESS) confirms the predictions of the model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flash in the pan or eureka moment? What can be learned from Australia's natural experiment with basic income during COVID-19 (2024)
Zitatform
Henderson, Troy, Ben Spies-Butcher & Elise Klein (2024): Flash in the pan or eureka moment? What can be learned from Australia's natural experiment with basic income during COVID-19. In: International social security review, Jg. 77, H. 1-2, S. 103-120. DOI:10.1111/issr.12356
Abstract
"Die COVID-19-Pandemie hatte weit verbreitete sozial- und wirtschaftspolitische Experimente zur Folge, da die Regierungen versuchten, während der wirtschaftlichen Lockdowns ihre Finanzhaushalte zu schützen. Geldtransfers erwiesen sich als eine der beliebtesten politischen Maßnahmen, und vielerorts wurden auch Überlegungen angestellt, wie man durch vorübergehende oder Notfallmaßnahmen ein universelles Grundeinkommen einführen könnte. Als Beispiel für diese Versuche haben wir Australiens Reaktion auf die Pandemie ins Auge gefasst und hier insbesondere die australische Coronahilfe (COVID Supplement). Eine Untersuchung ihres Charakters als Notfall-Grundeinkommen ergibt, dass diese Maßnahme das Ergebnis der institutionellen Strukturen und Normen, der nationalen und internationalen politischen Lernmechanismen und der Besonderheiten des australischen Wohn- und Arbeitsmarkts ist. Obwohl die Maßnahme nur befristet war, diskutieren wir, inwiefern ihr offensichtlicher Erfolg weiter von politischer Bedeutung sein könnte, entweder als eine Art finanzielles „Krisenmanagement“ oder als ein alternativer Weg zur Einführung von Formen des Grundeinkommens." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons)
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Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income: Inspecting the Mechanisms (2024)
Zitatform
Jaimovich, Nir, Itay Saporta-Eksten, Ofer Setty & Yaniv Yedid-Levi (2024): Universal Basic Income: Inspecting the Mechanisms. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, S. 1-27. DOI:10.1162/rest_a_01474
Abstract
"We examine the mechanisms driving the aggregate and distributional impacts of Universal Basic Income (UBI) through model analysis of various UBI programs and financing schemes. The main adverse effect is the distortionary tax increase to fund UBI, reducing labor force participation. Secondary channels are a decline in demand for self-insurance, depressing aggregate capital, and a positive income effect that further deters labor force participation. Due to these channels, introducing UBI alongside existing social programs reduces output and average welfare. Partially substituting existing programs with UBI mitigates the adverse effects, increases average welfare, but does not deliver a Pareto improvement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Basic Income Advocates, Sober Up (2024)
Zitatform
Marx, Ive (2024): Basic Income Advocates, Sober Up. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16757), Bonn, 25 S.
Abstract
"Basic income advocates see a universal income grant, no questions asked, as bringing many potential benefits, not in the least as an ironclad protection against poverty, if set high enough. It is hard to know with any certainty what a world with a sizeable basic income would look like but we can make theoretically and empirically informed guesses about its likely first-round impacts. Neither the insights we get from (quasi-)experimental research nor those from (micro-)simulation modelling are very encouraging. The estimated first-round effects on poverty are for the most part disappointing, especially in countries with comparatively well-functioning social protection systems. Aggregate employment is likely to fall, especially affecting women. It requires an enormous leap of faith to assume that the effects further down the road would be miraculously better. Moreover, there seems to be a vast gap between what people think a basic income would bring them and how it would actually impact them. Under any plausible scenario there would be many net losers. In short, there are few sound reasons at this time to argue for replacing the better performing social protection systems currently in place with a basic income, especially if a more adequate social floor is the main concern." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Employment Effects of a Guaranteed Income: Experimental Evidence from Two U.S. States (2024)
Zitatform
Vivalt, Eva, Elizabeth Rhodes, Alexander W. Bartik, David E. Broockman & Sarah Miller (2024): The Employment Effects of a Guaranteed Income: Experimental Evidence from Two U.S. States. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 32719), Cambridge, Mass, 138 S. DOI:10.3386/w32719
Abstract
"We study the causal impacts of income on a rich array of employment outcomes, leveraging an experiment in which 1,000 low-income individuals were randomized into receiving $1,000 per month unconditionally for three years, with a control group of 2,000 participants receiving $50/month. We gather detailed survey data, administrative records, and data from a custom mobile phone app. The transfer caused total individual income to fall by about $1,500/year relative to the control group, excluding the transfers. The program resulted in a 2.0 percentage point decrease in labor market participation for participants and a 1.3-1.4 hour per week reduction in labor hours, with participants' partners reducing their hours worked by a comparable amount. The transfer generated the largest increases in time spent on leisure, as well as smaller increases in time spent in other activities such as transportation and finances. Despite asking detailed questions about amenities, we find no impact on quality of employment, and our confidence intervals can rule out even small improvements. We observe no significant effects on investments in human capital, though younger participants may pursue more formal education. Overall, our results suggest a moderate labor supply effect that does not appear offset by other productive activities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Assessing the Impact of the Implementation of Universal Basic Income on Entrepreneurship (2023)
Zitatform
Aceytuno-Pérez, María-Teresa, Manuela A. de Paz Báñez & Celia Sánchez-López (2023): Assessing the Impact of the Implementation of Universal Basic Income on Entrepreneurship. In: Basic Income Studies, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 141-161. DOI:10.1515/bis-2022-0022
Abstract
"We focus on the literature about UBI and the experiments developed all around the world to test it in order to address how UBI implementation could affect entrepreneurship. Building on these findings and various strands of entrepreneurial theory, we develop a theoretical framework to explain how the implementation of UBI would dramatically change the environment of entrepreneurial activity, shaping entrepreneurial action at three levels: (i) the desirability of becoming an entrepreneur; (ii) the perceived feasibility of becoming an entrepreneur; (iii) the propensity to act. Consequently, UBI implementation would arguably facilitate the decision to become an entrepreneur. The contribution of the paper is threefold. It firstly provides a theoretical framework that opens new directions for further research on the relationship between UBI and entrepreneurship. Secondly, it offers new insights for policy makers by shedding light on potential effects of UBI implementation. Finally, it raises further questions that remains unsolved related to the role of non-pecuniary motivations and financial constraints." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Not That Basic: How Level, Design and Context Matter for the Redistributive Outcomes of Universal Basic Income (2023)
Zitatform
Aerts, Elise, Ive Marx & Gerlinde Verbist (2023): Not That Basic: How Level, Design and Context Matter for the Redistributive Outcomes of Universal Basic Income. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15952), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"Proponents of a basic income (BI) claim that it could bring significant reductions in financial poverty, on top of many other benefits, including greatly reduced administrative complexity and cost. Using microsimulation analysis in a comparative two-country setting, we show that the potential poverty-reducing impact of BI strongly depends on exactly how and where it is implemented. Implementing a BI requires far more choices than advocates seem to realize. The level at which the BI is set matters, but its exact specification matters even more. Which parts of the existing tax-benefit system are maintained, and which parts are abolished, modified or replaced? The impact of a BI, be it a low or a high one, thus strongly depends on the characteristics of the system that it is (partially) replacing or complementing, as well as the socio-economic context in which it is introduced. Some versions of BI could potentially help to reduce poverty but always at a significant cost and with substantial sections of the population incurring significant losses, which matters for political feasibility. A partial basic income complementing existing provisions appears to make more potential sense than a full basic income replacing them. The simplicity of BI, however, tends to be vastly overstated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Simulationsanalysen zur Finanzierbarkeit des bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens: Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag von Mein Grundeinkommen e.V (2023)
Bach, Stefan; Hamburg, Mark;Zitatform
Bach, Stefan & Mark Hamburg (2023): Simulationsanalysen zur Finanzierbarkeit des bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens. Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag von Mein Grundeinkommen e.V. (DIW Berlin. Politikberatung kompakt 195), Berlin, 27 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Forschungsprojekt wird die Finanzierbarkeit eines existenzsichernden bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens für alle untersucht, das der Verein Mein Grundeinkommen vorschlägt. Vorgesehen sind 1 200 Euro im Monat je Erwachsenen, Kinder und Jugendliche bis 18 Jahren bekommen die Hälfte. Dies bedeutet für sich genommen einen zusätzlichen staatlichen Finanzierungsbedarf von 1 105 Milliarden Euro (berechnet für das Jahr 2022)." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Perceptions Matter: Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Spain's New Minimum Income on Households' Financial Wellbeing (2023)
Bilbao-Goyoaga, Eugenia;Zitatform
Bilbao-Goyoaga, Eugenia (2023): Perceptions Matter: Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Spain's New Minimum Income on Households' Financial Wellbeing. (Publications of the London School of Economics and Political Science), London, 64 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines Spain's minimum income scheme (MIS) introduced in 2020 and its impact on households' objective and subjective financial wellbeing. The study addresses two key motivations. First, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of MISs in improving households' financial wellbeing despite the renewed interest prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic, ecological transition and cost-of-living crisis. Second, existing literature primarily focuses on objective measures of financial wellbeing like monetary poverty, but it is crucial to understand how income improvements through MISs are perceived by households. These subjective perceptions play a significant role in people's health, productivity and decision-making and provide insights into adaptation mechanisms and spillover effects on non-recipients. The study uses Eurostat survey data aggregated at the national level from 2010 to 2022, employing a Synthetic Control Method analysis. Results show that during the initial year and a half of implementation, the policy had no statistically significant effect on households' material conditions (e.g. poverty rate, poverty gap and mean income). However, after two and a half years, it did considerably improve how households perceive the evolution of their finances. The paper discusses mechanisms explaining this differential impact, including the policy's phased implementation, benefit enhancements from 2022 onwards as well as anticipation, placebo and positive spillover effects of the MIS. The findings highlight the importance for practitioners to consider subjective financial wellbeing when assessing MISs" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Öffentliche Soziologie zwischen Autonomie und Engagement: Zum gesellschaftlichen Nutzen von Michael Burawoys ‚Public Sociology' (2023)
Zitatform
Brand, Richard A. (2023): Öffentliche Soziologie zwischen Autonomie und Engagement. Zum gesellschaftlichen Nutzen von Michael Burawoys ‚Public Sociology'. (BestMasters), Wiesbaden: Imprint: Springer VS, IX, 108 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-40584-7
Abstract
"Die Rufe nach einer ‚öffentlichen Soziologie' werden jüngst lauter. Sollte die Soziologie sich für die Verbreitung ihres Wissens und die Zivilgesellschaft engagieren? Oder sind gerade Zurückhaltung und wissenschaftliche Autonomie von Nutzen für die Gesellschaft? Die Arbeit von Richard A. Brand eröffnet einerseits lebendige Einblicke in die Praxis öffentlicher Soziologie: Im November 2018 versammelten sich über 100 Personen im Theaterhaus Jena beim sogenannten ‚DialogForum'. Diese vermutlich erste große öffentliche Soziologieveranstaltung im deutschsprachigen Raum wurde vom Autor vorliegender Arbeit moderiert und mitorganisiert. Das Veranstaltungskonzept und die Erwartungen der Teilnehmenden werden hier rekonstruiert. Anderseits wird, etwa mit Rückgriff auf Max Webers Wissenschaftslehre, Michael Burawoys Konzept der ‚Public Sociology' kritisch unter die Lupe genommen. Im Ergebnis scheint weniger die Rolle einer Soziologie als zivilgesellschaftliche Anwältin oder Aktivistin zu überzeugen, sondern die einer Orientierungsstifterin und Moderatorin, die Dialogräume schafft. Der Autor Richard A. Brand studierte Soziologie, Geografie und Bildungswissenschaften in Hamburg, Prag und Jena mit Abschluss M.A. Soziologie. Er ist als selbständiger Trainer und Moderator tätig. Darüber hinaus verantwortet er die Weiterbildung einer international tätigen NGO." (Verlagsangaben)
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Literaturhinweis
Hohe Zustimmung zu bedingungslosem Grundeinkommen - vor allem bei den möglichen Profiteur*innen (2023)
Zitatform
Busemeyer, Marius R., Adrian Rinscheid & Jürgen Schupp (2023): Hohe Zustimmung zu bedingungslosem Grundeinkommen - vor allem bei den möglichen Profiteur*innen. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 90, H. 21, S. 246-253. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2023-21-1
Abstract
"Eine repräsentative Befragung aus dem August 2022 bestätigt die hohe Popularität in der Bevölkerung für ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen (BGE). Zwischen 45 und 55 Prozent der Befragten stimmen für die Einführung eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens mit dem vermeintlichen Versprechen von finanzieller Sicherheit ohne Verpflichtungen. Wer genau die Unterstützer*innen eines BGE sind und welches Modell sie bevorzugen, zeigen zwei repräsentative Befragungen aus dem August 2022. Sie belegen, dass vor allem jüngere Altersgruppen sowie Personen mit geringen Einkünften und mit großen Sorgen um die eigene wirtschaftliche Situation die Idee eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens unterstützen. Eine der in diesem Wochenbericht analysierten Erhebungen zeigt, dass die meisten Befragten sich ein Grundeinkommen von 1 200 Euro ohne Restriktionen wünschen. Zur staatlichen Finanzierung eines Grundeinkommens findet der Vorschlag die meiste Unterstützung, die Einkommen- und Vermögensteuern für Reiche anzuheben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Technological chance and growth regimes: Assessing the case for universal basic income in an era declining labour shares (2023)
Zitatform
Chrisp, Joe, Aida Garcia-Lazaro & Nick Pearce (2023): Technological chance and growth regimes: Assessing the case for universal basic income in an era declining labour shares. (FRIBIS discussion paper series 2023,1), Freiburg, 60 S.
Abstract
"In recent decades, most OECD countries have seen a significant decline in the labour share, as well as an increase in inequality. The decline in the labour share and the rise in inequality poses several problems for such countries, whether related to distributive justice, economic and social outcomes, such as deficient aggregate income and demand, or democratic politics. In this report, we focus on the role of technological change as a central driver of the decline in the labour share and explore its contingency: both across contexts and across definitions/operationalisations of technology. With respect to the latter, we distinguish between perspectives that place physical capital and investment in automation and ICT at the centre of technological change on the one hand, and the growth of the knowledge economy and intangible capital on the other. Meanwhile, following work by Baccaro and Pontusson (2016), and more recently Hassel and Palier (2021), we utilise the concept of 'growth regimes' to analyse how the effects of technology are mediated and moderated by national political-economic institutions. This approach allows us to test more nuanced arguments about the role of technological change in the decline in the labour share and to discuss the likely effects, and political feasibility, of policy solutions such as universal basic income (UBI) that are often advanced as an answer to increased automation and lower returns to labour. The following issues provide the basis for our research questions: 1. To what extent is technological change responsible for the decline in the labour share? 2. What is the role of growth regimes in moderating the effect of technology on the labour share? 3. Are results consistent across different conceptions and definitions of technological change? 4. What policy solutions are available to tackle these trends and issues? 5. Does technological change strengthen the case for and the feasibility of a universal basic income? This work builds on previous policy briefs and reports by the Institute for Policy Research (IPR) on UBI and technological change, namely the September 2019 report by Dr Luke Martinelli entitled 'Basic income, automation and labour market change' (Martinelli, 2019a). That report summarised the evidence regarding the effects of technology on labour markets and the case for UBI in such a light. Empirical analysis, however, focused on political economy questions concerning the political constituency for a UBI and policy trade-offs in design across EU countries using microsimulation analysis. Here, our empirical strategy is instead focused on questions about the effect of technology on the labour share, enabling us to re-pose the question of how a UBI could serve as a tool for combating growing inequality, income and demand deficiency, and labour market dysfunction in global economies. Future empirical research at the IPR will focus more comprehensively on the fifth and final research question above, namely estimating the macroeconomic effects of a UBI, including one funded using sovereign money. Next, we introduce three central ideas in the report - the decline in the labour share, technological change and growth regimes - before briefly outlining the consequences for policy debates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Policy Responses to Labour-Saving Technologies: Basic Income, Job Guarantee, and Working Time Reduction (2023)
Zitatform
D'Alessandro, Simone, Tiziano Distefano, Guilherme Spinato Morlin & Davide Villani (2023): Policy Responses to Labour-Saving Technologies: Basic Income, Job Guarantee, and Working Time Reduction. (JRC working papers on social classes in the digital age / Joint Research Centre (Seville site) 2023-09), Sevilla, 24 S.
Abstract
"Several studies argue that the latest advancements in technology could result in a continuous decrease in the employment level, the labour share of income and higher inequalities. This paper investigates policy responses to the rise of labour-saving technologies and their potential negative effects on employment and inequality. Using EUROGREEN (an Input-Output-Stock-Flow model), we assess how three different policy measures – basic income (BI), job guarantee (JG), and working time reduction without loss of payment (WTR) – could affect the economy in the wake of a technological shock. We build different scenarios in which the effects of these policies are implemented against a reference setting of high labour productivity growth. We evaluate the impact of these policies on per capita GDP, the Gini coefficient, the labour share, the unemployment rate, and the deficit-to-GDP ratio. We find that these policies could be effective in counterbalancing some of the negative effects of labour-saving technologies. JG reduces the level of unemployment significantly and permanently, whereas BI and WTR only temporarily affect the unemployment rate. WTR effectively increases the wage share and generates the lowest deficit-to-GDP ratio in the long run. The introduction of a wealth tax further reduces inequality and helps to offset the increase in public spending associated with JG and BI. A mix of these policies delivers the highest per capita GDP, lowest unemployment rate, and best distributive outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen passt nicht in unsere Arbeitsgesellschaft. Ein sozialphilosophischer Einwurf (2023)
Promberger, Markus;Zitatform
Promberger, Markus (2023): Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen passt nicht in unsere Arbeitsgesellschaft. Ein sozialphilosophischer Einwurf. In: IAB-Forum H. 10.07.2023. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230710.01
Abstract
"Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen, so sehen es viele seiner Befürworter, eröffnet den Menschen den Weg vom „Reich der Notwendigkeit“ ins „Reich der Freiheit“, indem es sie vom ökonomischen Arbeitszwang befreit. Wer so argumentiert, verkennt, dass Arbeit ein Grundelement der menschlichen Existenz ist. Zugleich entlässt er die Arbeitgeber aus ihrer Verantwortung, Vollzeitbeschäftigten existenzsichernde Löhne zu bezahlen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Promberger, Markus; -
Literaturhinweis
A Robin Hood for all: a conjoint experiment on support for basic income (2023)
Zitatform
Rincón, Leire (2023): A Robin Hood for all: a conjoint experiment on support for basic income. In: Journal of European Public Policy, Jg. 30, H. 2, S. 375-399. DOI:10.1080/13501763.2021.2007983
Abstract
"Support for universal basic income is one of the key conundrums of the politics of welfare reform. Research shows that the predictors of UBI favourability also explain support for other policy alternatives, which differ substantially from a UBI, like targeted or conditional cash transfers. What is attractive or objectionable about a UBI to individuals, and which policy alternatives does public opinion actually prefer? In this paper, I tackle these questions with a conjoint experiment conducted in Spain. The results show that the universality of UBI, i.e., the fact that it is given to everyone, is what generates opposition. On the other hand, its unconditionality or the idea that it does not attach any conditions to recipients, is not particularly unpopular. However, the results also reveal that progressive funding mechanisms and restricting eligibility criteria to citizens only, can boost approval for this policy. These results have far-reaching implications for the study of welfare preferences, UBI support and theories on deservingness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit oder bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen? (2023)
Schneider, Hilmar;Zitatform
Schneider, Hilmar (2023): Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit oder bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen? In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 72, H. 9–10, S. 773-776. DOI:10.3790/sfo.72.9-10.773
Abstract
Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit und bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen sind staatliche Antworten auf das Problem einer verfestigten Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit, bei der es einem Anteil von Menschen dauerhaft schwerfällt, prinzipiell vorhandene Arbeitsmarktchancen für sich zu nutzen. Sind die Jobcenter auch bemüht, den Betroffenen eine passende Hilfe anzubieten, so sind die Erfolgsaussichten bescheiden. Sollte man es also besser lassen, den Betroffenen zu helfen? Sollte der Sozialstaat stattdessen Menschen alimentieren, obwohl sie in der Lage wären, ihren Beitrag zur individuellen Existenzsicherung zu leisten? Das ist eine über Wahlen zu entscheidende normative Grundsatzfrage. Wissenschaft kann nur aufzeigen, was zu erwarten ist, wenn sich eine Gesellschaft für diese oder jene Handlungsoption entscheidet. 'Aktuelle Studien des IAB belegen eindrucksvoll, wie wirkungsvoll ein am Individuum orientiertes ganzheitliches Coaching sein kann. (…) Es gehört aber ebenso zur Wahrheit, dass viele der Betroffenen von sich aus niemals auf die Idee kämen, ein solches Coaching zu suchen. Ohne einen gewissen Paternalismus seitens der Jobcenter würden viele der Betroffenen ihr Leben lang in der Sackgasse hängen bleiben, in die sie aus welchen Gründen auch immer einmal geraten sind.' Das einjährige Sanktionsmoratorium, das im Juli 2022 in Kraft trat, und eine vom Autor herangezogene umfangreiche Untersuchung aus Nordirland zeigen ernüchternde Ergebnisse: Mit dem Wegfall der Sanktionsmöglichkeiten steigt die Quote des Nichterscheinens bei den anberaumten Gesprächsterminen innerhalb kürzester Zeit von 10 auf 50 Prozent, entsprechend sinkt die Quote der Vermittlungen in Jobs und Maßnahmen. Die Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsleistungen verändert sich mit den behördlicherseits verlangten Voraussetzungen. Mit einer Reduktion des Sozialstaats auf eine reine Umverteilung, wie es den Befürwortern des bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens vorschwebt, überlässt man die Hilfebedürftigen mit ihren Problemen sich selbst. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe's risk insurance (2022)
Zitatform
Afscharian, Dominic, Viktoriia Muliavka, Marius S. Ostrowski & Lukáš Siegel (2022): Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe's risk insurance. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 257-275. DOI:10.1177/13882627221118103
Abstract
"In this article, we conduct a case study of EU-level debates on universal basic income (UBI) trials, as part of which we examine core contributions in the Conference on the Future of Europe, the election manifestos produced by European party groups, as well as European Parliament debates since 2009. The results indicate that parties and politicians are far more hesitant than citizens to demand UBI, while also relying proportionally more on proposing trials rather than policies. Interpreting the results, we develop a conceptual framework designed to better understand how political decisionmakers at the EU level can deal with the uncertainties involved in European social policymaking. We argue that these actors face legal, political, and suitability risks when proposing policies that would integrate the EU's social dimension. Unlike in national settings, the potential to pursue various strategies of risk reduction is limited at the EU level. However, we argue that empirical trials of social policies are particularly well-suited to insuring politicians at the EU level against risks. This insurance function is based not only on the scope of empirical trials to reduce uncertainties about policy outcomes, but also on the fact that they are inherently non-binding. By simply proposing empirical trials, actors can influence agendas, benefit from public demands, or reduce public pressure without having to take on the risks associated with implementing a fully-fledged policy proposal. We conclude that empirical trials can be understood as buffers against risks that might be used strategically by politicians, and which have the potential to break stalemates in the future development of a “Social Europe”." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social Investment, Redistribution or Basic Income? Exploring the Association Between Automation Risk and Welfare State Attitudes in Europe (2022)
Zitatform
Busemeyer, Marius R. & Alexander H. J. Sahm (2022): Social Investment, Redistribution or Basic Income? Exploring the Association Between Automation Risk and Welfare State Attitudes in Europe. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 751-770. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000519
Abstract
"Rapid technological change – the digitalization and automation of work – is challenging contemporary welfare states. Most of the existing research, however, focuses on its effect on labor market outcomes, such as employment or wage levels. In contrast, this paper studies the implications of technological change for welfare state attitudes and preferences. Compared to previous work on this topic, this paper adopts a much broader perspective regarding different kinds of social policy. Using data from the European Social Survey, we find that individual automation risk is positively associated with support for redistribution, but negatively with support for social investment policies (partly depending on the specific measure of automation risk that is used), while there is no statistically significant association with support for basic income. We also find a moderating effect of the overall size of the welfare state on the micro-level association between risk and preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))